英美概況

內(nèi)容概要

這是一本用英文介紹英美兩國各方面情況的書，原為河南大學外語系概況課教材?！队⒚栏艣r》和單科教材的不同點是其跨度大，涉及面廣，有橫斷面，也有縱深軸線?！　≡摃?988年修訂過一次，1995年根據(jù)需要再次修訂。第三版修訂仍沿用第一、二版的基本框架，仍采用先英后美的順序，以時空概念為坐標，內(nèi)容以樹狀結(jié)構組合，橫向展開英美社會的方方面面，縱向追溯其運動軌跡?？v橫結(jié)合，互相補充。恰如影像中使用的變焦距和搖鏡頭技巧，既可以沿縱向軸線遠近移動，又可以根據(jù)需要橫向展開，這樣一縱一橫，需要講述的內(nèi)容也就各入其位了?！　∵@次修訂仍采用先英后美的順序。美國的前身是英國人建立的殖民地，時間長達150年之久，美國人價值觀、政體、法律和主流文化都受英國很大影響，因此，講述英國就是直接或間接地為講述美國社會做準備。

書籍目錄

Volume One Great Britain　Chapter One Panoramic View　 Section One The Country and the People　 Section Two The British Government　 Section Three Politics and Law　 Section Four National Economy and Cities　 Section Five Cultural and Social Life　Chapter Two English History　 Section One Origin of the English Nation　 Section Two Great Charter and Beginning of Parliament　 Section Three Decline of Feudalism in England　 Section Four The Tudor Monarchy and the Rising　Bourgeoisie　 Section Five Reformation in England　 Section Six The English Bourgeois Revolution　 Section Seven The industrial Revolution and the　Chartist 　 Section Eight The Rise and Fall of the British EmpireVolume Two America　Chapter One Panoramic View　 Section One The United States and its Natural Conditions　 Section Two American People　 Section Three Government and Politics(I)　 Section Four Government and Politics(II)　 Section Five National Economy(I)　 Section Six National Economy(II)　 Section Seven Family and Social Life　Chapter Two American History　 Section One The Thirteen English-American Colonies　 Section Two The War of independence　 Section Three Appearance of the American Constitution and the Washington Administration　 Section Four America During the First Half of the 19th Century-Era of Expansion　 Section Five The Civil War ……　Supplementary Material for Reference

章節(jié)摘錄

　　British Disease and Thatcher's Medicine　　After the Second World War，Britain was confronted with tense competition in overseas markets. It had to re-organize its production industries to meet the challenge.　A number of indus-tries such as aerospace， chemicals， oil9 gas and electronics have gained strength while traditional industries such as textiles，steel， and ship-building contracted. In spite of the efforts to readjust and some short periods of rapid development. Britain's rate of economic growth has been low in comparison with that of most other industrialized countries. It averaged 2-3 per cent an-nually up t0 1971 but the rate dropped much considerably in sub-sequent years.　Britain's slow growth of productivity， soaring in flation， and large unemployment gave birth to the mocking term "British Disease". Some American economists even warned that Britain would be the first developed country to become under-developed.　　The sickness triggered heated debate over its contributing factors. Some American economists argued that Britain's sick-ness stemmed from its excessive "socialism "and its from-cradle-to-grave welfare programme， Their argument was based on the fact that Britain nationalized some one-fourth of production and service industries after the Second World War. Some of the state-owned companies made thin profits or even ran at a loss.Its social welfare system includes the National Health Service which provides medical treatment for all English citizens. The government also spends a lot of money helping the poor， the un-employed，school children from poor families， the elderly，and widow women. Total expenditures on social welfare programs have amounted to about 20% of the'gross domestic product. The National Health Service， for example， costs the English govern-ment $ 33. 4 billion each year， or some $ 600 for each person： When people say England provides from-cradle-to-grave welfare， they mean the many kinds of the social welfare benefits. Mater-nity allowance refers to the sum of money payable to a pregnant woman until the sixth week after the birth. Some people bring-ing up children are entitled to get an additional sum before the children are 16 0r 18 years old. Children from poor families can have their meals at their school free of charge. Under certain conditions local authorities must provide free transport for pupils between their home and school. If a school graduate fails to get a full-time job and his income falls below a certain level， he is enti-tled to receive supplementary benefits from the government. These benefits are part of what has been called redistribution or transfer money in English society. The large expenditure is a heavy burden on the government which in turn has to resort to heavy taxation.　It is true -that there is no tax on capital assets as yet， but the government collocts death duties which range from 10% to 80%. And dividend income tax was once as high as 85% if the receiver had a high salary.　　……

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《英美概況》是一本用英文介紹英美兩國各方面情況的書，原為河南大學外語系概況課教材?！队⒚栏艣r》和單科教材的不同點是其跨度大，涉及面廣，有橫斷面，也有縱深軸線。

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