一本書讀懂奧運(yùn)會(huì)

前言

　　培養(yǎng)人文素質(zhì)成就國際通才　　若想精通一門語言，沒有對(duì)其文化背景的深入了解恐怕永遠(yuǎn)難登大雅之堂。在全球化日益成為國際主流的今天，英語作為西方文化頭牌語言的重要性已日益凸顯——今日世界，恐怕在地球上的任何角落人們都可以用英語問路、用英語聊天、用英語購物、用英語交友、用英語在跨文化間作深度交流?！　≌缭S多西方人熱切地想了解中國文化一樣，中國的英語學(xué)習(xí)及愛好者對(duì)西方文化及人文的了解也處于熱切的需求當(dāng)中。是的，如果對(duì)西方的歷史、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)、宗教、哲學(xué)沒有一個(gè)最基本的了解，就連看好萊塢大片都會(huì)成為一個(gè)問題；而西方文化貢獻(xiàn)給社會(huì)的普世價(jià)值恰恰是它深厚的人文傳統(tǒng)及“民主、自由、博愛”等現(xiàn)代理念，不了解這些，則與任何稍有層次和品位的西方人的交流都將難以順暢?！　〈送猓瑖鴥?nèi)的英語學(xué)習(xí)者如再停留在日常生活的EnglishInGeneral的層次上，必將難以適應(yīng)深度溝通和交流的需要，因此，對(duì)專業(yè)英語及文化背景的深入了解和學(xué)習(xí)將是提升英語能力的必由之路。有鑒于此，本套叢書為讀者奉上原汁原味的人文閱讀精華，其或選自原典正文、或選自專業(yè)教材、或選自網(wǎng)絡(luò)熱帖，由精研此業(yè)者掇菁擷華，輯錄成冊(cè)，希望能幫助讀者在學(xué)習(xí)英語的同時(shí)又能品味西方文化的獨(dú)特魅力。在輯錄過程中，我們力求摒棄學(xué)校教育的僵硬和枯燥，代之以更加生動(dòng)、更加全面的通識(shí)閱讀范本。我們寫歷史，致力于撥開其厚重壓抑而傾向于讀者感興趣的文化、建筑、藝術(shù)、風(fēng)俗等人文知識(shí)；我們寫文學(xué)，力求拋開一般文學(xué)史綱目劃分的束縛而代之以切合各國風(fēng)情又適合讀者閱讀的脈絡(luò)?！　∽x萬卷書行萬里路，在我們無法踏上萬里之路以愉耳目的時(shí)候，我們可以用閱讀來滋養(yǎng)心靈，拓展人生版圖。于某一日午后，拋開世俗的紛擾，挑一靜謐之處，一杯香茗，幾卷書冊(cè)，品文化，長知識(shí)，學(xué)英語，在書頁和文字之間觸摸大千世界的真諦，在閱讀中將知識(shí)內(nèi)化成自己的修養(yǎng)，人生至樂。　　文化共語言同飛，思想與閱讀共舞。讓我們的目光穿越時(shí)光、穿越語言，在原汁原味的英語閱讀中品味人類文明共有的人文素質(zhì)、人文素養(yǎng)、人文情懷、人文理念……并在此過程中成就自己的文化修養(yǎng)及完美人生。

內(nèi)容概要

　　奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是國際奧林匹克委員會(huì)主辦的包含多種體育運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的國際性運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，每四年舉行一次。奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為了和平與友誼的象征。本書講述了從1896年第一屆雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)到2012年第三十屆倫敦奧運(yùn)，各屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)的總體情況、歷史背景、賽事歷程、奧運(yùn)明星以及幕后花絮等豐富多彩的內(nèi)容，展示給廣大讀者一個(gè)嶄新的奧運(yùn)全景

作者簡介

　　人文社科及雙語圖書作者，作品有許多雙語作品，如《童貞女王：伊麗莎白一世傳》（合譯）、《一本書暢游世界頂級(jí)景點(diǎn)》（編譯）；也有女性勵(lì)志與心靈哲學(xué)作品，如《一不小心四十歲：成熟女人的心理呵護(hù)書》等，是一位多才多藝，美麗與智慧并茂的文藝作者。

書籍目錄

Part One Thousands of Years of the Olympic History—Review the
Rise and Fall of the Olympic Games, and Enjoy the Winds and Waves
of It
第一部分 千年奧運(yùn)史——回眸奧運(yùn)興衰，笑看風(fēng)云起落　
Chapter 1 The Ancient Olympic Games—Back to Thousands of Years
age, lay down the Weapons, and Rush to Olympia
第一章　古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)——夢回千年，放下武器，奔赴奧林匹亞　
Chapter 2 The Modern Olympic Games—Inheritance of Peace,
Friendship, and Harmony
第二章　現(xiàn)代奧運(yùn)會(huì)——傳承和平，傳遞友誼，傳播和諧　
Part Two The Brilliant Olympic Cities—Escort for the Holy Flame,
and Change the World into the Sea of Love
第二部分 奧運(yùn)之城——為圣火護(hù)航，讓世界凝聚成愛的海洋　
Chapter 1 1896 Summer Olympics—Back to Athens: the Revival of
the Olympic Movement
第一章　1896年第一屆雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)——重回雅典：奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)的復(fù)興　
Chapter 2 1900 Summer Olympics—More than 5 Months of Olympics in
the New Century
第二章　1900年第二屆巴黎奧運(yùn)會(huì)——?dú)v時(shí)5個(gè)多月的新世紀(jì)奧
Chapter 3 1904 Summer Olympics—Cross the Oceans, and Come to
America
第三章　1904年第三屆圣路易斯奧運(yùn)會(huì)——漂洋過海，來到美洲
Chapter 4 1908 Summer Olympics—The Representatives of the five
Continents were gathered firstly in London—the Fog City
第四章 1908年第四屆倫敦奧運(yùn)會(huì)——五大洲代表首聚霧都倫敦
Chapter 5 1912 Summer Olympics—The First Official World Records
in the Olympic History
第五章　1912年斯德哥爾摩第五屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——奧運(yùn)史上第一批正式世界紀(jì)錄　
Chapter 6 1920 Summer Olympics—The First Peace Doves in the
Olympic History
第六章　1920年安特衛(wèi)普第七屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)—奧運(yùn)史上第一批和平鴿
Chapter 7 1924 Summer Olympics—The Olympic Motto: Faster, Higher
and Stronger
第七章　1924年巴黎第八屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——“更快、更高、更強(qiáng)”的奧運(yùn)格言　
Chapter 8 1928 Summer Olympics—Relay the Olympic Flame
第八章　1928年阿姆斯特丹第九屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——接力傳遞奧林匹克圣火　
Chapter 9 1932 Summer Olympics—Get together again at the other
side of the Ocean
第九章1932年洛杉磯第十屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——大洋彼岸再聚首　
Chapter 10 1936 Summer Olympics—The Nazi could't prevent the
sports spirit
第十章　1936年柏林第十一屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——納粹控制不住的體育精神　
Chapter 11 1948 Summer Olympics—The Flame Burned again after the
Second World War
第十一章　1948年倫敦第十四屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)—“二戰(zhàn)”后再次燃燒的圣火　
Chapter 12 1952 Summer Olympics—The Appearance of the New China
and the Former Soviet Union
第十二章　1952年赫爾辛基第十五屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——新中國和蘇聯(lián)亮相　
Chapter 13 1956 Summer Olympics—The Olympic Games settled down
in the 5th Continent in the World
第十三章 1956年墨爾本第十六屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——奧運(yùn)會(huì)落戶第五大洲　
Chapter 14 1960 Summer Olympics—The Olympic Flame Lit in Rome as
the Symbol of Peace and Friendship
第十四章　1960年羅馬第十七屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——和平與友誼的圣火在羅馬燃燒　
Chapter 15 1964 Summer Olympics—The first time for Asia to Gain
the Hosting
第十五章　1964年東京第十八屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——奧運(yùn)會(huì)首次在亞洲舉辦　
Chapter 16 1968 Summer Olympics—At Elevations above 2000m
第十六章　1968年墨西哥第十九屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——海拔2000米以上的奧運(yùn)　
Chapter 17 1972 Summer Olympics—The Mascot Made its Debut
第十七章　1972年慕尼黑第二十屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——奧運(yùn)吉祥物首次出現(xiàn)　
Chapter 18 1976 Summer Olympics—In the Kingdom of Maples
第十八章　1976年蒙特利爾第二十一屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——楓葉之國的奧運(yùn)會(huì)　
Chapter 19 1980 Summer Olympics—The Socialist State Host it for
the first time
第十九章　1980年莫斯科第二十二屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——社會(huì)主義國家首次舉辦奧運(yùn)會(huì)　
Chapter 20 1984 Summer Olympics—Under a Commercial Mode
第二十章　1984年洛杉磯第二十三屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——商業(yè)模式下的奧運(yùn)會(huì)　
Chapter 21 1988 Summer Olympics—The World Recalled Korea
第二十一章　1988年漢城第二十四屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——世界因此重新記起韓國　
Chapter 22 1992 Summer Olympics—A Great Unity of the IOC
Member
第二十二章　1992年巴塞羅那第二十五屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——奧委會(huì)成員國大團(tuán)圓　
Chapter 23 1996 Summer Olympics—The Centennial World Olympic
Games
第二十三章　1996年亞特蘭大第二十六屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——世紀(jì)奧運(yùn)，相約百年　
Chapter 24 2000 Summer Olympics—The Millennium Olympic
Games
第二十四章　2000年悉尼第二十七屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——千禧年奧運(yùn)盛會(huì)　
Chapter 25 2004 Summer Olympics—The Flame back to Greece 108
Years later
第二十五章　2004年雅典第二十八屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——108年后奧運(yùn)圣火回歸希臘　
Chapter 26 2008 Summer Olympics—One World, One Dream
第二十六章　2008年北京第二十九屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——同一個(gè)世界，同一個(gè)夢想　
Chapter 27 2012 Summer Olympics—The Flame in England for the 3rd
Time
第二十七章 2012年倫敦第三十屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)——奧運(yùn)圣火第三次落戶英倫　

章節(jié)摘錄

　　第一章 古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)——夢回千年，放下武器，奔赴奧林匹亞　　古代奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)是為祭祀宙斯而定期舉行的體育競技活動(dòng)。它的產(chǎn)生與希臘當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化和宗教有著密切的關(guān)系。奴隸社會(huì)的希臘，戰(zhàn)爭連年不斷，為了取得勝利，各個(gè)城邦都利用體育鍛煉來培養(yǎng)身強(qiáng)力壯的武士，體育運(yùn)動(dòng)就在這種情況下發(fā)展起來，逐漸形成了有組織的運(yùn)動(dòng)競賽，為奧運(yùn)會(huì)的誕生打下了基礎(chǔ)。古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)從公元前776年起，到公元394年止，歷經(jīng)1170年，共舉行了293屆。運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)舉行期間，全希臘選手及附近的黎民百姓相聚于奧林匹亞這個(gè)希臘南部風(fēng)景秀麗的小鎮(zhèn)。來自希臘各地的參賽者參與角逐，目標(biāo)就是最終獎(jiǎng)賞：一個(gè)橄欖花圈和“英雄”般的返鄉(xiāng)。除去勝利的光榮，奧林匹克本身賦予了奧運(yùn)會(huì)特殊的意義：高尚競爭，把身體、意志和精神平衡地結(jié)合于一體?！　?. The origin：from the beautiful legend to the holy agreement 　起源：從美麗傳說到神圣協(xié)議　　More than 2800 years ago， the human beings began to hold the Olympic Games. There are not only beautiful tales regarding to the origin of the ancient Olympic Games but also endless arguments and textual research about it.　　早在2800多年前，人類便有了奧運(yùn)會(huì)比賽，關(guān)于古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)的產(chǎn)生，既有美麗的神話故事，也有歷史學(xué)家們永無休止的爭論和考證。　　●The legend of Hercules clearing away the bullshit 赫拉克勒斯掃牛糞的傳說　　The ancient Greece was a mythical kingdom. The graceful fairytale and outstanding folklore cast a layer of mystery on the origin of the ancient Olympic Games.　　According to legend， Hercules， the son of Zeus， got the name “Titan” for his great strength. In Elis， the Greek city-state， he spent less than half a day in finishing cleaning the whole stall where was full of bullshit. Before Hercules took the heavy task of clearing away the bullshit， the king had promised to present him 300 bulls as the “wage”. But the king broke his promise. In at of pique， Hercules drove the king away. In order to celebrate the victory， he held a sports meeting in Olympia. It’s the first ancient Olympic Games.　　古希臘是一個(gè)神話王國，優(yōu)美動(dòng)人的神話故事和曲折離奇的民間傳說，為古奧運(yùn)會(huì)的起源蒙上一層神秘的色彩。　　相傳，宙斯的兒子赫拉克勒斯，因力大無比，獲得“大力神”的美稱。　　在希臘的伊利斯城邦，他用不到半天的時(shí)間，掃干凈了國王堆滿牛糞的牛棚。在接手這個(gè)艱巨的任務(wù)之前，國王承諾將贈(zèng)送300頭牛給他作為“工資”。但國王食言了。一氣之下，赫拉克勒斯趕走了國王。為了慶祝勝利，他在奧林匹亞舉行了運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，即最早的古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)?！　　馮he romantic story of Pelops 佩洛普斯的浪漫故事　　There was another beautiful legend about the origin of the Olympic Games. In Greece， in order to choose a husband who was versed in both literature and military affairs for his daughter， the king of Elis proposed that the applicant must win him in a chariot race.　　In the previous games， there were already 13 young men being killed by the king’s spear. The 14th suitor was a young man named Pelops. He was handsome and talented， and had previously met the princess. They had fallen in love with each other in Olympia. The beautiful princess got worried because 13 suitors had died in unnatural death， and Pelops was on the verge of death. She ordered a stableman to unscrew the pins on the king’s chariot wheels， so that the king’s chariot rolled onto the ground with a bang in the fierce fighting. The king fell down and got into a state of coma. Pelops gained his victory.　　Pelops took up the unconscious king， and felt very sad. He commanded the king’s servants to rescue the king quickly. After the king came back to life， he fulfilled his promise and allowed the princess to marry Pelops.　　Later， Pelops held a grand wedding in Olympia， thanking to Zeus for his blessing， and then arranged for wrestling， chariot race and other athletic activities. This wedding became the first ancient Olympic Games， and Pelops became the legendary founder of the ancient Olympic Games.　　關(guān)于奧運(yùn)會(huì)的起源，還有一個(gè)美麗的傳說。在古希臘，伊利斯國王為了給自己的女兒挑選一個(gè)文武雙全的丈夫，提出應(yīng)選者必須和自己比賽戰(zhàn)車?！　≡谇懊娴谋荣惱?，已經(jīng)有13個(gè)青年喪生于國王的長矛之下。第14位求婚者是一個(gè)名叫佩洛普斯的青年，他英俊瀟灑，才華出眾，以前曾在奧林匹亞遇見公主。他們彼此相愛了。美麗的公主眼見13個(gè)求婚者死于非命，佩洛普斯也危在旦夕，便在賽前讓馬夫偷偷擰松國王戰(zhàn)車輪子上的銷釘，致使國王的戰(zhàn)車在激烈的拼搏中隨著一聲巨響翻倒在地。國王摔在車旁昏死過去，佩洛普斯獲得了勝利。　　佩洛普斯抱起昏迷不醒的國王，心中感到非常難過，吩咐國王手下的人迅速進(jìn)行搶救。國王傷好以后，履行了自己的諾言，把公主許配給了佩洛普斯。　　后來，佩洛普斯在奧林匹亞舉行了盛大的婚禮，感謝宙斯神對(duì)他的保佑，并在其后安排了角力、戰(zhàn)車比賽等競技活動(dòng)。這次婚禮便成了最初的古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)，佩洛普斯成了古奧運(yùn)會(huì)傳說中的創(chuàng)始人?！　　馭ports games took the place of wars 體育比賽代替戰(zhàn)爭的休戰(zhàn)說　　In fact， there were social factors about the birth of Olympic Games. There was once a place called Olympia in the ancient Greece， where had been occupied by Elis. But the Spartans also wanted to get these holy lands. Therefore， the war fighting for Olympia broke out. In order to cope with the war， all the city-states were busy training soldiers actively. In Sparta， the children were nurtured by the nation， and engaged in the sports and the military training since 7 years old. They led a military life. The war had lasted for a long time. Both the soldiers and the masses were tired of the protracted war and eager about peace.　　In 884 BC， the king of Elis and the king of Sparta signed an agreement of holding a regular rally in Olympia， and also a “sacred truce treaty”. According to the treaty， during the rally， the one who carried weapons into Olympia was considered to be against God， and ought to be punished. So the rally in form of sports competition took the place of the war. But it was only embryo of the ancient Olympic Games. According to the written history， the ancient Olympic Games should be originated in 776 BC.　　其實(shí)，奧運(yùn)會(huì)的產(chǎn)生有它現(xiàn)實(shí)的社會(huì)因素。古希臘有個(gè)叫奧林匹亞的地方，一直由伊利斯城邦占據(jù)，斯巴達(dá)人也想得到這塊圣地。于是，雙方為爭奪奧林匹亞而爆發(fā)了戰(zhàn)爭。為了應(yīng)付戰(zhàn)爭，各城邦都積極訓(xùn)練士兵。斯巴達(dá)城邦的兒童從7歲起就由國家撫養(yǎng)，并從事體育、軍事訓(xùn)練，過著軍事生活。戰(zhàn)爭持續(xù)了很長時(shí)間，無論是士兵還是民眾，都對(duì)長時(shí)間的戰(zhàn)爭感到厭倦，他們都渴望和平?！　∮谑窃诠?84年，伊利斯王和斯巴達(dá)國王簽訂了一項(xiàng)定期在奧林匹亞舉行集會(huì)的協(xié)議，并簽訂《神圣休戰(zhàn)條約》。條約規(guī)定，在舉行集會(huì)期間，凡是攜帶武器進(jìn)入奧林匹亞者，將被認(rèn)為背叛了神，應(yīng)當(dāng)受罰。于是，以體育為競賽方式的集會(huì)代替了戰(zhàn)爭。但這還僅是古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)的雛形，從有文字記載的歷史考證，古代奧運(yùn)會(huì)最早產(chǎn)生于公元前776年?！　　馡phitos， the founder of the Olympics—Change religious activities into sports events 奧運(yùn)鼻祖伊菲圖斯——把宗教活動(dòng)辦成體育盛會(huì)　　There was an inspirational story about the king of Elis and the king of Sparta signing the armistice agreement.　　In the 9th Century BC， there was an enlightened king called Iphitos in Elis. During his reign， Greece was suffering from plague and wars. Then he went to consult a prophet who said， “If you can hold a sports meeting together with each other， and establish a sense of fair competition， God will be glad， and your country will not suffer from wars！”　　Iphitos got very glad after listening this. He went to tell the king of Sparta， another powerful nation. Therefore， they came to an agreement that there would be an Olympic Games between the two countries every four years. During the period， everyone must put down their own weapons and go to Olympia to watch the Olympic Games. It showed the respect for the God.　　In 776 BC， Iphitos declared a sports meeting in Olympia. So the first ancient Olympic Games was held. It can be said that Iphitos was the founder of the ancient Olympic Games.　　……

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　　奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)（簡稱奧運(yùn)會(huì)）是國際奧林匹克委員會(huì)主辦的包含多種體育運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的國際性運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)，每四年舉行一次。奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)最早起源于古希臘，因舉辦地在奧林匹亞而得名。奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為了和平與友誼的象征，它是一種融體育、教育、文化為一體的綜合性、持續(xù)性、世界性的活動(dòng)，也是一種文化的傳播體現(xiàn)，這樣的傳播在奧運(yùn)會(huì)中能得到充分的展示?！　W林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)是一項(xiàng)倡導(dǎo)挑戰(zhàn)、競爭和奮斗的社會(huì)活動(dòng)。在競爭中，運(yùn)動(dòng)員要勇于向強(qiáng)手和高水平挑戰(zhàn)，不斷超越自我、超越他人，有所發(fā)展、創(chuàng)新、前進(jìn)。

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