社會(huì)語言學(xué)

內(nèi)容概要

作者以“說話者的選擇”為切入視角和主題來解釋語言變異，探究描述和解釋語言選擇的規(guī)律以及影響選擇的社會(huì)因素。在討論社會(huì)語言學(xué)各個(gè)具體研究課題時(shí)，從不同的學(xué)科背景和文化角度提供了許多新的觀點(diǎn)和例證，為讀者呈現(xiàn)了較為寬闊的視角。        本書語言表述清楚、規(guī)范，行文風(fēng)格簡潔、干練，可作為社會(huì)語言學(xué)的教科書使用。

書籍目錄

1  Introduction: notions of languagePart I Micro-choices　2 Standard and dialect: social stratification as a factor of   linguistic choice   Questions for discussion　3  Gendered speech: sex as a factor of linguistic choice   Questions for discussion　4 Communicating across generations: age as a factor of   linguistic choice   Questions for discussion　5  Choice and change   Questions for discussion　6  Politeness: cultural dimensions of linguistic choice   Questions for discussionPart II Macro-choices　7 Code-switching: linguistic choices across language   boundaries   Questions for discussion　8  Diglossia and bilingualism: functional restrictions on   language choice   Questions for discussion　9  Language spread, shift and maintenance: how groups   choose their language   Questions for discussion　10 Language and identity: individual, social, national    Questions for discussion　11  Language planning: communication demands, public    choice, utility    Questions for discussion　12 Select letters: a major divide    Questions for discussion　13 The language of choice    Questions for discussionGlossary of termsReferencesInternet resourcesIndex

章節(jié)摘錄

　　As human beings we are able to change our behaviour. The ideathat we act as free agents is fundamental to our self-conception. Everyword we say reinforces this conviction， for whenever we speak we makechoices. The ability to consider alternatives and opt for one is basic tointelligent life. It is restricted by our physical nature， the many things wecannot choose， such as the colour of our eyes， our IQ， or whether we arebeautiful or ugly. All this may change soon， as the human species getsready to do with itself what it has done with other species for a long time：interfere with natures course， select， breed， grow and artificially manipu-late their genetic makeup. The life sciences have made spectacular progressover the past several decades， constantly expanding the realm of culture -that which we control - at the expense of nature - that which controls us.No longer confined to science fiction novels， anthropotechnology hascrossed the threshold into the real world and become a vital concern oflegislation， the paradigm of deliberate regulation of behaviour， The pro-spects are tempting. Before long， we are told， we will be able to safeguardour offspring against congenital diseases， if not secure immortality forourselves， At the same time， we are confronted with new challenges， whichwill be a lot more serious than how to retrain all those undertakers. We willhave to decide whether to go down every pathway science opens up or toerect occasional warning signs， STOP HERE， at critical junctures. Inshort， at the present time， we are forced to rethink our place in the universe，the confines of nature and our own nature.

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