言談互動(dòng)中的意義

前言

　　Pranatics is a relatively new area of linguistics and until recentlythere were no introductory texts available. Now， in response to the growing interest in the field in colleges and universities， an umber of introductory books have appeared， each some what different in orientation. Marcelo Dascal （1983） offers a first class introduction to the field from the standpoint of the philosophyof language. Georgia Green （1989） provides a very accessible introduction， with particular emphasis on textual pragrnatics and more formal aspects of pragrnatics. Diane Blakemore （1992） takes acognitive approach， firmly rooted within relevance theory， towhich she offers an excellent introduction， while Jacob Mey（1993） approaches the subject from a social point of view.　　So what makes this book distinctive？ Firstly， it accords acentral place to the roles of both speaker and hearer in the construction of meaning and takes account of both social and psychological factors in the generation and interpretation of utterances. Secondly， it covers basic concepts in considerabledetail， drawing particular attention to problems in early work inpragmatics.Thirdly， it brings the reader right up to date wit hcurrent issues inpra Dnatics. The theoretical points are illustrated with copious authentic examples taken from the media， fiction and real-life interactions.　　Although I have presupposed that the reader well have noprevi ous knowledge of pragmatics， I have presumed that he or she will be familiar with some basic linguistic terms and concepts.

內(nèi)容概要

本書不只是一本旨在介紹語(yǔ)用學(xué)基本內(nèi)容的教科書，書中涉及頗多新解及對(duì)語(yǔ)用現(xiàn)象的獨(dú)到觀察，并對(duì)語(yǔ)用學(xué)研究中存在的諸多問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了評(píng)述。《言談互動(dòng)中的意義:語(yǔ)用學(xué)引論》對(duì)所涉及的語(yǔ)用學(xué)理論和術(shù)語(yǔ)都有溯源與透徹分析，章節(jié)思路清晰、語(yǔ)言流暢、深入淺出。這些是長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)本書深受讀者喜愛(ài)的重要原因。

書籍目錄

Preface xxxi
Acknowledgements xxxii
What is pragmatics?
　1.1 Introduction
　1.2 Defining pragmatics
　1.3 From abstract meaning to contextual meaning
　　1.3.1 Assigning sense in context
　　1.3.2 Assigning reference in context
　　1.3.3 Structural ambiguity
　　1.3.4 Interaction of sense, reference and structure
　　1.3.5 Ambiguity and intentionality
　1.4 Utterance meaning: the first level of speaker meaning
　　1.4.1 Importance of utterance meaning
　1.5 Force: the second level of speaker meaning
　　1.5.1 Understanding both utterance meaning and force
　　1.5.2 Understanding utterance meaning but not force
　　1.5.3 Understanding force but not utterance meaning
　　1.5.4 Understanding neither utterance meaning nor force
　　1.5.5 Interrelationship of utterance meaning and force
　1.6 Definitions ofpragmatics (revisited)
　　1.6.1 Speaker meaning
　　1.6.2 Utterance interpretation
　　1.6.3 Pragmatics: meaning in interaction
　1.7 Summary
2 Speech acts
　2.1 J. L. Austin
　2.2 Ordinary language philosophy
　2.3 Logical positivism and truth conditional semantics
　2.4 The performative hypothesis
　　2.4.1 Metalinguistic performatives
　　　2.4.2 Ritual performatives
　　　　2.4.2.1 Felicity conditions
　　　　2.4.2.2 Explicit reference to felicity conditions
　　　2.4.3 Collaborative performatives
　　　2.4.4 Group performatives
　　　2.4.5 Overlap of categories
　　　2.4.6 Cross-cultural differences in use ofperformatives
　　　2.4.7 Collapse of Austin's performative hypothesis
　　　　2.4.7.1 The grammatical distinctiveness of performatives
　　　　2.4.7.2 Do performatives always perform actions?
　　　　2.4.7.3 How to do things without performative verbs
　　2.4.8 Explicit and implicit performatives
　2.5 Utterances as actions
　　2.5.1 Locution, illocution, perlocution
　　2.5.2 Speech acts
　2.6 Conclusion
3 Conversational implicature
4 Approaches to pragmatics
5 Pragmatics and indirectness
6 Theories of politeness

章節(jié)摘錄

　　20世紀(jì)80年代以后，人們大量探討語(yǔ)用學(xué)，最常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)用學(xué)定義有：語(yǔ)用學(xué)研究使用中的意義，或研究語(yǔ)境意義等，還有其他各種界定（Levinson，1983）。然而，有些定義顯得過(guò)于寬泛。言語(yǔ)交際表現(xiàn)為說(shuō)話人和聽(tīng)話人相互作用的過(guò)程，說(shuō)話人將交際意圖附于言語(yǔ)行為之中，聽(tīng)話人通過(guò)對(duì)言語(yǔ)行為的分析、推導(dǎo)，達(dá)到對(duì)隱含信息的理解等，這說(shuō)明語(yǔ)用學(xué)應(yīng)該從話語(yǔ)生成和理解兩方面提供解釋，應(yīng)該強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話人和聽(tīng)話人之間的互動(dòng)言談對(duì)意義構(gòu)建的動(dòng)態(tài)性。在20世紀(jì)80年代末90年代初，Jenny Thomas進(jìn)行了這方面的嘗試?！　　堆哉劵?dòng)中的意義：語(yǔ)用學(xué)引論》是繼（《語(yǔ)用學(xué)》（Levinson，1983）、（《語(yǔ)用學(xué)原則》（Leech，1983）、（《語(yǔ)用學(xué)與自然語(yǔ)言理解》（Green，1989／1996）、《語(yǔ)用學(xué)讀本》（Davis，1991）、《語(yǔ)用學(xué)引論》（Mey，1993）、（《實(shí)踐語(yǔ)用學(xué)》（Grundy：1995）等之后的又一本語(yǔ)用學(xué)著作，也是語(yǔ)用學(xué)蓬勃發(fā)展的一個(gè)重要標(biāo)志。這些著作中，涌現(xiàn)了一些值得注意的新思想、新觀點(diǎn)、新視角。比如，Green（1989／1996）著重語(yǔ)用學(xué)與句法學(xué)之間的界面研究，關(guān)注語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)用；Mey（1993）強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)用學(xué)研究的社會(huì)視角，關(guān)注社會(huì)交往中說(shuō)話人應(yīng)當(dāng)如何選擇語(yǔ)言，使用語(yǔ)言時(shí)可能受到的制約及語(yǔ)言使用所產(chǎn)生的認(rèn)知效果和社會(huì)效果；Davis（1991）認(rèn)為，語(yǔ)用學(xué)應(yīng)該研究如何運(yùn)用和理解語(yǔ)言及其認(rèn)知，也即，語(yǔ)用學(xué)應(yīng)該同時(shí)研究說(shuō)話人和聽(tīng)話人；Sperber & Wilson（1986／1995）等嘗試從認(rèn)知科學(xué)的角度去研究語(yǔ)言交際，認(rèn)為語(yǔ)言交際是遵循一定推理思維規(guī)律的認(rèn)知活動(dòng)，是一個(gè)明示一推理（ostension-inference）過(guò)程，強(qiáng)調(diào)話語(yǔ)理解的語(yǔ)用認(rèn)知，主張從認(rèn)知角度出發(fā)去解釋認(rèn)知因素在話語(yǔ)理解中的作用。

圖書封面

圖書標(biāo)簽Tags

無(wú)

評(píng)論、評(píng)分、閱讀與下載

---

    言談互動(dòng)中的意義 PDF格式下載

---