形而上學(xué)

內(nèi)容概要

　　METAPHYSICS is one of the principal works of Aristotle and the first major work of the branch of philosophy with the same name. The principal subject is "being qua being"， or being understood as being. It examines what can be asserted about anything that exists just because of its existence and not because of any special qualities it has. Also covered are different kinds of causation， form and matter， the existence of mathematical objects， and a prime- mover God.　　The Metaphysics is considered to be one of the greatest philosophical works. Its influence on the Greeks， the Arabs， the scholastic philosophers and even writers such as Dante， was immense.

作者簡(jiǎn)介

作者：（古希臘）亞里士多德（Aristotle）  亞里士多德(Aristotle)(384BC-322BC)was a Greek philosopher and polymath,a student od Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great.His writings cover many subject,including physics,metaphysics,poetry,theater,music,logic,linguistics,politics,government,ethics,biology,and zoology. Together with Plato and Socrates(Plato's teacher),Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy.Aristotle'writing were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy,encompassing morality and aesthetics,logic and science,politics and metaphysics. METAPHYSICS is one of the principal works of Aristotle and the first major work of the branch of philosophy with the same name.The principal subject is"being qua being",or being understood as being.It examines what can be asserted about anything that exists just because of its existence and not because of any special qualities it has.Also covered are different kinds of mathematical objects,and a prime-mover God. The Metaphysics is considered to be one of the greatest philosophical works.Its influence on the Greeks,the Arabs,the scholastic philosophers and even writers such as Dante,was immense.

書(shū)籍目錄

BOOK ⅠBOOK ⅡBOOK ⅢBOOK ⅣBOOK ⅤBOOK ⅥBOOK ⅦBOOK ⅧB(niǎo)OOK ⅨBOOK ⅩBOOK ⅪBOOK ⅫBOOK ⅩⅢ

章節(jié)摘錄

版權(quán)頁(yè)：   That it is not a science of production is clear even from the history of the earliest philosophers.For it is owing to their wonder that men both now begin and at first began to philosophize;they wondered originally at the obvious difficulties,then advanced little by little and stated difficulties about the greater matters,e.g.about the phenomena of the moon and those of the sun and of the stars,and about the genesis of the universe.And a man who is puzzled and wonders thinks himself ignorant(whence even the lover of myth is in a sense a lover of Wisdom,for the myth is composed of wonders);therefore since they philosophized order to escape from ignorance,evidently they were pursuing science in order to know,and not for any utilitarian end.And this is confirmed by the facts;for it was when almost all the necessities of life and the things that make for comfort and recreation had been secured,that such knowledge began to be sought.Evidently then we do not seek it for the sake of any other advantage;but as the man is free,we say,who exists for his own sake and not for another's,so we pursue this as the only free saence,for it alone exists for its own sake. Hence also the possession of it might be justly regarded as beyond human power;for in many ways human nature is in bondage,so that according to Simonides'God alone can have this privilege',and it is unfitting that man should not be content to seek the knowledge that is suited to him.If,then,there is sometlung in what the poets say,and jealousy is natural to the divine power,it would probably occur in this case above all,and all who excelled in this knowledge would be unfortunate.But the divine power cannot be jealous(nay,according to the proverb,'bards tell a lie'),nor should any other science be thought more honourable than one of this sort.For the most divine science is also most honourable;and this saence alone must be,in two ways,most divine.For the science wluch it would be most meet for God to have is a divine science,and so is any science that deals with divine objects;and this saence alone has both these qualities;for(1)God is thought to be among the causes of all things and to be a first principe,and(2)such a science either God alone can have,or God above all others.All the sciences,indeed,are more necessary than this,but none is better.

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《形而上學(xué)(英文版)》對(duì)存在進(jìn)行分類(lèi)，規(guī)定了實(shí)體的存在才是真正獨(dú)立存在的，而其他一切屬性的存在乃至一切范疇的存在都因這一實(shí)體的存在而得以存在，是古希臘數(shù)百年自然哲學(xué)與精神哲學(xué)的成果，對(duì)后世的發(fā)展奠定了哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。

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