房龍地理

內(nèi)容概要

　　在20世紀的歷史學家和科普作家中，房龍不僅素以多才多藝、學識淵博著稱，行文汪洋恣肆，辭采豐贍，而且始終以敏銳的目光和深邃的洞察力思考著人類生存與發(fā)展的本質(zhì)問題，以真理之光和寬廣的胸懷啟迪和滋養(yǎng)著讀者的心智?？梢哉f，房龍是少數(shù)幾位能夠站在人文主義的立場審視全人類的歷史與文化的思想家?！　∮暨_夫曾評價說：“房龍的筆，有一種魅力……無論大人孩子，讀他的書，都娓娓忘倦了。”　　著名學者曹聚仁也評價說，房龍的書，“這50年中，我總是看了又看，除了《儒林外史》、《紅樓夢》，沒有其他的書這么吸引我了。”

作者簡介

亨德里克·威廉·房龍（Hendrik Willem Van Loon 1882--1944），荷裔美國人，著名學者。1882年出生在荷蘭，他是出色的通俗作家，在歷史、文化、文明、科學等方面都有著作，而且讀者眾多，他是偉大的文化普及者，大師級的人物。作家，歷史地理學家。

書籍目錄

Chapter 1 AND THESE ARE THE PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN THE WORLD WE LIVE INChapter 2 A DEFINITION OF THE WORD GEOGRAPHY AND HOW I SHALL APPLY IT IN THE PRESENT VOLUMEChapter3 OUR PLANET: ITS HABITS, CUSTOMS AND MANNERSChapter 4 MAPS. A VERY BRIEF CHAPTER UPON A VERY BIG AND FASCINATING SUBJECT. TOGETHER WITH A FEW OBSERVATIONS ON THE WAY PEOPLE SLOWLY LEARNED HOW TO FIND THEIR WAY ON THIS PLANET OF OURSChapter 5 THE SEASONS AND HOW THEY HAPPENChapter 6 CONCERNING THE LITTLE SPOTS OF DRY LAND ON THIS PLANET AND WHY SOME OF THEM ARE CALLED CONTINENTS WHILE OTHERS ARE NOTChapter 7 OF THE DISCOVERY OF EUROPE AND THE SORT OF PEOPLE WHO LIVE IN THAT PART OF THE WORLD INTERLUDEJUST A MOMENT BEFORE WE GO ANY FURTHER WHILE I TELL YOU HOW TO USE THIS BOOKChapter 8 GREECE, THE ROCKY PROMONTORY OF THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN WHICH ACTED AS THE CONNECTING LINK BETWEEN THE OLD ASIA AND THE NEW EUROPEChapter9 ITALY, THE COUNTRY WHICH DUE TO ITS GEOGRAPHICAL SITUATION COULD PLAY THE ROLE OF A SEA-POWER OR A LAND POWER, AS THE OCCASION DEMANDEDChapter10 SPAIN, WHERE AFRICA AND EUROPE CLASHEDChapter11 FRANCE, THE COUNTRY THAT HAS EVERYTHING IT WANTSChapter12 BELGIUM, A COUNTRY CREATED BY SCRAPS OF PAPER AND RICH IN EVERYTHING EXCEPT INTER- NAL HARMONYChapter 13 LUXEMBURG, THE HISTORICAL CURIOSITYChapter14 SWITZERLAND, THE COUNTRY OF HIGH MOUNTAINS, EXCELLENT SCHOOLS AND A UNIFIED PEOPLE WHO SPEAK FOUR DIFFERENT LANGUAGESChaptcr15 GERMANY, THE NATION THAT WAS FOUNDED TOO LATEChapter16 AUSTRIA, THE COUNTRY THAT NOBODY APPRECIATED UNTIL IT NO LONGER EXISTEDChapter17 DENMARK, AN OBJECT LESSON IN CERTAIN ADVANTAGES OF SMALL COUNTRIES OVER LARGEO NESChapter18 ICELAND, AN INTERESTING POLITICAL LABORATORY IN THE ARCTIC OCEANChapter 19 THE SCANDINAVIAN PENINSULA, THE TERRTORY OCCUPIED BY THE KINGDOMS OF SWEDEN AND NORWAYChapter 20 THE NETHERLANDS, THE SWAMP ON THE BANKS OF THE NORTH SEA THAT BECAME AN EMPIREChapter21 GREAT BRITAIN, AN ISLAND OFF THE DUTCH COAST WHICH IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE HAPPINESS OF FULLY ONE-QUARTER OF THEHUMAN RACEChapter 22 RUSSIA, THE COUNTRY WHICH WAS PREVENTED BY ITS GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION FROM EVER FINDING OUT WHETHER IT WAS PART OF EUROPE OR OF ASIAChapter23 POLAND, THE COUNTRY THAT HAD ALWAYS SUFFERED FROM BEING A CORRIDOR AND THEREFORE NOW HAS A CORRIDOR OF ITS OWNChapter 24 CZECHOSLOVAKIA, A PRODUCT OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLESChapter25 YUGOSLAVIA, ANOTHER PRODUCT OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLESChapter26 BULGARIA, THE SOUNDEST OF ALL'BALKAN COUNTRIES, WHOSE BUTTERFLY COLLECTING KING BET ON THE WRONG HORSE DURING THE GREAT WAR AND SUFFERED THE CONSEQUENCESChapter 27 ROUMANIA, A COUNTRY WHICH HAS OIL AND A OYAL FAMILYChapter 28 HUNGARY, OR WHAT REMAINS OF ITChapter29 FINLAND, ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF WHAT HARD WORK AND INTELLIGENCE CAN ACHIEVE AMID HOSTILE NATURAL SURROUNDINGSChapter30 THE DISCOVERY OF ASIAChapter31 WHAT ASIA HAS MEANT TO THE REST OF THE WORLDChapter 32 THE CENTRAL ASIATIC HIGHLANDSChapter 33 THE GREAT WESTERN PLATEAU OF ASIAChapter 34 ARABIA OR WHEN IS A PART OF ASIA NOT A PART OF ASIA？Chapter35 INDIA, WHERE NATURE AND MAN ARE ENGAGED IN MASS PRODUCTIONChapter36 BURMA, SIAM, ANAM AND MALACCA, WHICH OCCUPY THE OTHER GREAT SOUTHERNPENINSULA OF ASIAChapter 37 THE REPUBLIC OF CHINA, THE GREAT PENINSULA OF EASTERN ASIAChapter38 KOREA, MONGOLIA AND MANCHURIA, IF THE LATTER STILL EXISTS WHEN THIS BOOK IS PUBLISHEDChapter39 THE JAPANESE EMPIREChapter 40 THE PHILIPPINS, AN OLD ADMINISTRATIVE PART OF MEXICOChapter 41 THE DUTCH EAST IND I ES, THE TAIL THAT WAGS THE DOGChapter 42 AUSTRALIA, THE STEP CHILD OF NATUREChapter 43 NEW ZEALANDChapter44 THE ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC WHERE PEOPLE NEITHER TOILED NOR SPUN BUT LIVED JUST THE SAMEChapter 45 AFRICA, THE CONTINENT OF CONTRADICTIONS AND CONTRASTSChapter 46 AMERICA, THE MOST FORTUNATE OF ALLChapter 47 A NEW WORLD

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：Rain is merely evaporated water from the oceans and from the inlandseas and from the inland snow-fields, which is carlied along by the air inthe form of vapor. As hot air can hold much more vapor than cold air,the water-vapor will be carried along without much difficulty until theair grows colder. Then part of it gets condensed and falls back againupon the surface of the earth in the form of rain or hail or snow.The rainfall of any given region therefore will depend almost entirelyupon the winds to which it is exposed. If we have a sea-coast separatedfrom the mainland by mountains （a very common occurrence） the coastalregion will be wet and damp. For the wind, being forced to rise intohigher regions （where the pressure is lower）, will cool offas it gets furtherand further away from the sea-level and it will shed its vapor in the formof rain and snow and will reappear on the other side of the mountainrange as a dry wind without a drop of moisture.The rainfall of the tropics is both regular and abundant because theenormous heat of the land makes the air rise to a great height, where itgets cooled off and is obliged to let go of most of its vapor, whichthereupon returns to earth in the form of heavy sheets of rain. But asthe sun does not always stand right over the equator, but moves slightlyfrom north to south, most of the equatorial regions enjoy four seasons,two seasons during which there are terrific rainstorms and two seasonsduring which the weather is dryBut those regions which are exposed to steady air-currents runningfrom colder to warmer regions are by far the worst off. For as the windspass from the cold area to the hot one,their capacity for absorptionbecomes steadily greater and they are unable to release the vapor theycarr~ causing many parts of this earth to be turned into deserts whereit may not rain more than once or twice every ten years.So much for the general subject of wind and rain. A detailed discussionwill follow when we describe each individual country.

編輯推薦

《房龍地理(英文彩繪本)(套裝共2冊)》以方位、大視角審視幾千年來人類為生存而進行的斗爭。房龍生當亂世，他始終關(guān)注的一個問題便是各種文明之間如何才能破除此疆彼界，達到相互的寬容與理解。GENERALLY SPEAKING, I have paid moreattention to the purely "human" side of geographythan to the commercial problems which are held to beof such great importance in a day and age devoted tomass production.But experience has taught me that no matter how eloquent you waxupon the subject of importing and exporting, and the output of coalmines and oil reservoirs and bank deposits, you will never be able totell your reader something which he can remember from one page tothe next. Whenever he has need of such figures he will be obliged tolook them up once more and verify them with the help of a dozencontradictory handbooks on commercial statistics.Man comes first in this geography.His physical environment and background come next.The rest is given whatever space remains.	It is in relation to us as human beings thatHendrik Van Loon now explores the crackedand wrinkled face of old Mother Earth. Thisbook contains no statistics about the importand export of raw cotton and canned kangarootails. It is packed full of information, but onythat information that has something to do withus, as inhabitants of this sphere we call home.The discovery of a trade route, the slant ofa mountain range, the curve of a river valley:we  all  know  vaguely that these haveenormous power to influence lives andfortunes.  Now, for the  first time, thefascinating story of these things and what theymean to us is set down in text and pictures.Through the analogy of handkerchiefs, onelearns what is happening to the surface of theearth. A plate of soup helps to understand aircurrents. Under your eyes the course of theGulf Stream turns into an enthralling story,and  the  central  Spanish  plateau  isreconstructed in imagination by means ofyour soup plate, two saucers, and a spoon.A Dutch-American historian and journalist.Bornin Rotterdam, he went to the United States in 1903 to study at Cornell University.From the 1910s until his death, Van Loonwrote many books, illustrating them himself.Most widely known among these is The Story ofMankind, a history of the world especially forchildren, which won the first Newbery Medal in1922. The book was later updated by Van Loonand has continued to be updated, first by his sonand later by other historians.However, he also wrote many other very popular books aimed at young adults. As awriter he was known for emphasizing crucialhistorical events and giving a complete pictureof individual characters, as well as the role ofthe arts in history. He also had an informal andthought-provoking style which, particularly inThe Story of Mankind, included personal anecdotes.

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