考博英語(yǔ)速成勝經(jīng)

前言

隨著博士生招收人數(shù)的不斷增加以及中國(guó)學(xué)生學(xué)歷情節(jié)的爆發(fā)，每年的博士生入學(xué)考試也顯得異常激烈。由于考博英語(yǔ)是一個(gè)著名的"三無(wú)產(chǎn)品"——大部分院校沒有統(tǒng)一的考試大綱，沒有統(tǒng)一的詞匯要求，沒有統(tǒng)一的樣題，各院校的考試標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和測(cè)試方式存在一定差異，這就為考生備考帶來(lái)了一定難度，這無(wú)疑對(duì)考生復(fù)習(xí)提出了新的要求。如何達(dá)到最佳復(fù)習(xí)效率是每個(gè)考生在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)最關(guān)心的問(wèn)題。然而，不論報(bào)考哪個(gè)招生單位，英語(yǔ)都是重點(diǎn)考查科目。為了更好地幫助考生復(fù)習(xí)，了解各高等院?？荚嚨膬?nèi)容、要求、題型以及難易程度，我們根據(jù)多年的教學(xué)實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在認(rèn)真分析了北京大學(xué)、清華大學(xué)、中國(guó)人民大學(xué)、中國(guó)科學(xué)院、中國(guó)科技大學(xué)、復(fù)旦大學(xué)、同濟(jì)大學(xué)、南京大學(xué)、武漢大學(xué)、廈門大學(xué)等重點(diǎn)高等院校最近幾年博士生入學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試題的考點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)、重點(diǎn)及命題套路之后，傾情奉獻(xiàn)了《考博英語(yǔ)速成勝經(jīng)》這本考博復(fù)習(xí)秘籍。這本書特點(diǎn)如下：（一）精研歷年真題研究真題是新東方指導(dǎo)學(xué)生考試成功的重要法寶。"知己知彼，百戰(zhàn)不殆"，研究一些高等院校近年考試真題是明智之舉。真題的效力不言而喻，它既能給你一定的心理安慰，又能助你確定復(fù)習(xí)計(jì)劃和練習(xí)重點(diǎn)。有些學(xué)校的試題不易得到，這時(shí)，可以請(qǐng)教有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的師兄、師姐。若實(shí)在沒有報(bào)考單位的真題，也可用其他考博真題替代，畢竟"他山之石，可以攻玉"。本書分析了考博英語(yǔ)的命題規(guī)律和出題動(dòng)態(tài)，并且提出了一整套應(yīng)試對(duì)策。（二）熟悉試題特點(diǎn)，尋找試題出處針對(duì)不同的報(bào)考單位復(fù)習(xí)相應(yīng)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)。有些院校（如中科院）試題較正統(tǒng)，與六級(jí)考試一脈相承；有些院校則可能側(cè)重對(duì)某一專項(xiàng)的考查，如翻譯、閱讀或聽力。這就要求根據(jù)所報(bào)考的單位，有選擇性地進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)。本書為考生提供大量強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練的真題，見證各個(gè)重點(diǎn)招生院校的出題動(dòng)態(tài)和考試脈絡(luò)。真題勝于一切！對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)各個(gè)院?？碱}的訓(xùn)練，既達(dá)到強(qiáng)化的目的，又能了解考題的共性和特性。（三）注重學(xué)習(xí)方法掌握好的學(xué)習(xí)方法，可以達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。在復(fù)習(xí)中，我們可以通過(guò)一項(xiàng)練習(xí)達(dá)到多重效果，如：通過(guò)閱讀來(lái)培養(yǎng)英漢互譯能力、擴(kuò)大單詞量。另外，合理利用時(shí)間也可提高復(fù)習(xí)效率，如單詞的復(fù)習(xí)就可以利用零星時(shí)間來(lái)完成。本書綜合考察了大量博士招生院校的考博英語(yǔ)試題。對(duì)一些共性的知識(shí)點(diǎn)和考查對(duì)象進(jìn)行了深入細(xì)致的分析和闡述，考生完全可以按照本書來(lái)獲取考試的精華，把握考試重點(diǎn)、疑點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。請(qǐng)考生注意：聽力材料下載網(wǎng)址是（www.koo|earn.com／subject／2009_0708／）總之，博士生入學(xué)考試中的英語(yǔ)考試是重頭戲，成功把握詞匯、語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、閱讀理解、完形填空、翻譯和寫作等題型，達(dá)到理想的效果是我們編寫這本書的初衷。本書以各名?？疾┯⒄Z(yǔ)真題為藍(lán)本，總結(jié)出最實(shí)用的復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容和策略，為讀者提供了一個(gè)快速、直接、有效的學(xué)習(xí)渠道，預(yù)祝廣大考生順利通過(guò)博士生英語(yǔ)考試。

內(nèi)容概要

　　《考博英語(yǔ)速成勝經(jīng)》是專門為報(bào)考博士研究生的讀者而編寫的復(fù)習(xí)資料，參照了一些名校博士生的入學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試大綱以及歷年真題而精心編著。全書共分為三部分：第一部分為考博英語(yǔ)政策解讀，對(duì)考博英語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、難度及試卷結(jié)構(gòu)等進(jìn)行介紹；第二部分是復(fù)習(xí)指南與真題解析，對(duì)考博英語(yǔ)各部分試題的測(cè)試形式、命題特點(diǎn)、復(fù)習(xí)方法等進(jìn)行分析，同時(shí)對(duì)近年考博真題進(jìn)行解析；第三部分為全真模擬試題?！缎聳|方名師英語(yǔ)系列叢書：考博英語(yǔ)速成勝經(jīng)》對(duì)考博英語(yǔ)主要題型進(jìn)行了命題分析和解題方法的介紹，對(duì)考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練。因此，《新東方名師英語(yǔ)系列叢書：考博英語(yǔ)速成勝經(jīng)》是值得考生信賴并作為檢驗(yàn)復(fù)習(xí)效果的理想輔導(dǎo)用書?！　　缎聳|方名師英語(yǔ)系列叢書：考博英語(yǔ)速成勝經(jīng)》特別適合報(bào)考博士研究生的考生，對(duì)于參加博士研究生英語(yǔ)學(xué)位課程考試的考生而言也．具有很好的參考價(jià)值。

書籍目錄

第一部分 詞匯第一章 考博詞匯選擇填空題制勝攻略第二章 考博英語(yǔ)詞匯同義替換題制勝方略第三章 詞匯練習(xí)第二部分 語(yǔ)法第三部分 聽力理解第一章 對(duì)話題型制勝方略第二章 短文及獨(dú)白題型制勝方略第三章 模擬試題第四部分 完型填空第一章 完型填空制勝方略第二章 完型填空例題精析第三章 完型填空專項(xiàng)練習(xí)第五部分 閱讀理解第一章 閱讀理解題型及解題技巧第二章 考博閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)第六部分 寫作第一章 短文寫作題型第二章 考博寫作專項(xiàng)練習(xí)第七部分 改錯(cuò)第八部分 翻譯第一章 考博翻譯制勝方略第二章 考博翻譯專項(xiàng)練習(xí)第九部分 無(wú)題完型第十部分 歷年真題

章節(jié)摘錄

Even the first century of the industrial revolution produced more "improvements" than "revolutions" in standards of living. With the railroad and the spinning and weaving of textiles as important exceptions, most innovations of that period were innovations in how goods were produced and transported, and in new kinds of capital, but not in consumer goods. Standards of living improved, but styles to life remained much the same. The eighteenth and nineteenth centuries saw a faster and different kind of change. For the first time, technological capability outran population growth and natural resource scarcity. By the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the typical inhabitant of the leading economies-a Briton, a Belgian, an American, or an Australian-had perhaps three times the standard of living of someone in a preindustrial economy.Still, so slow was the pace of change that people, or at least aristocratic intellectuals, could think of their predecessors of some two thousand years before as effectively their contemporaries. Marcus Tullius Cicero, a Roman aristocrat and politician, might have felt more or less at home in the company of Thomas Jefferson. The plows were better in Jefferson's time. Sailing ships were much improved. However, these might have been insufficient to create a sense of a qualitative change in the order of life for the elite. Moreover, being a slave of Jefferson was probably a lot like being a slave of Cicero.So slow was the pace of change that intellectuals in the early nineteenth century debated whether the industrial revolution was worthwhile, whether it was an improvement or a degeneration in the standard of living. Opinions were genuinely divided, with as optimistic a liberal as John Stuart Mill coming down on the "pessimist" side as late as the end of the 1840s.In the twentieth century, however, standards of living exploded. In the twentieth century, the magnitude of the growth in material wealth has been so great as to make it nearly impossible to measure. Consider a sample of consumer goods available through Montgomery Ward in 1895-when a onespeed bicycle cost $ 65. Since then, the price of a bicycle measured in "nominal" dollars has more than doubled （as a result of inflation）. Today, the bicycle in much less expensive in terms of the measure that truly counts, its "real" price: the work and sweat needed to earn its cost. In 1895, it took perhaps 260 hours' worth of the average American worker's production to amass enough money to buy a one speed bicycle, today an average American worker can buy one-and of higher quality-for less than 8 hours worth of production.On the bicycle standard （measuring wealth by counting up how many bicycles the labor can buy） the average American worker today is 36 times richer than his or her counterpart was in 1895. Other commodities would tell a different story. An office chair has become 12.5 times cheaper in terms of the time it takes the average worker to produce enough to pay for it. A Steinway piano or an accordion is only twice as cheap. A silver teaspoon is 25 percent more expensive.

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