出版時間:2012-10 出版社:世界圖書出版公司·后浪出版公司 作者:保羅·海恩,彼得·勃特克,大衛(wèi)·普雷契特科 頁數(shù):428 字數(shù):635000
Tag標(biāo)簽:無
前言
《經(jīng)濟學(xué)的思維方式》是一本不同于主流經(jīng)濟學(xué)教材的另類經(jīng)典,這源于作者保羅?海恩對經(jīng)濟學(xué)通識教育的重視。他拒絕在教材中塞滿理論術(shù)語和各種模型,或是在經(jīng)濟學(xué)的城堡里享受清靜的生活;他改進了本科生的教學(xué)計劃,徹底修訂了經(jīng)濟學(xué)導(dǎo)論課程,并定期和研究生助教討論如何改進教學(xué)質(zhì)量;他關(guān)注社會問題,更關(guān)注經(jīng)濟學(xué)推理澄清這些問題的方式,由此激發(fā)學(xué)生對經(jīng)濟學(xué)的興趣;他將各種社會現(xiàn)象、日常生活中的例子與經(jīng)濟學(xué)的思維框架結(jié)合起來,教會學(xué)生用經(jīng)濟學(xué)的思維方式思考問題,進而有效地參與經(jīng)濟生活。其成果即是本書。自1973年第1版出版,本書三十多年來不斷更新(海恩2000年去世后,喬治?梅森大學(xué)的彼得?勃特克和北密歇根大學(xué)的大衛(wèi)?普雷契特科接過了他未竟的事業(yè)),第12版是最新的版本。該書已先后被翻譯成日文、俄文、匈牙利文、捷克文和保加利亞文等多種語言,享譽全世界。后浪出版公司2008年5月引進出版了《經(jīng)濟學(xué)的思維方式》中文第11版,由馬昕和陳宇翻譯,在大學(xué)院校和熱愛經(jīng)濟學(xué)的讀者中引起了相當(dāng)?shù)姆错?。同年冬,公司委托史晨先生開始第12版的翻譯工作(關(guān)于其中故事,史晨先生在譯后記中有介紹)。三年后,修訂第12版于2012年3月面世,受到了更多讀者的關(guān)注和歡迎。已經(jīng)有兩個中文版,為什么還要出版影印版呢?首先,從第11版到修訂第12版,翻譯質(zhì)量有很大提升,在此基礎(chǔ)上將原文提供給讀者,便于讀者參考閱讀。其次,對于英文基礎(chǔ)較高的讀者來說,他們更愿意從原著中理解作者的第一手表述;閱讀原著對于讀者來說始終是最佳的學(xué)習(xí)方式。第三,《經(jīng)濟學(xué)的思維方式》作為經(jīng)濟學(xué)導(dǎo)論課程的教材,其語言生動而通俗易懂,讀者通過閱讀本書,掌握了經(jīng)濟學(xué)的術(shù)語和表述方式,以后閱讀更深的經(jīng)濟學(xué)英文著作時也會更加容易。在處理這本影印版時,我們采用了與中文修訂第12版一樣大小的開本,版式則完全與英文原書一致,只是在頁眉、章節(jié)標(biāo)題處添加了中文,方便讀者對照。另外,原書的目錄較為簡單,只有“章”標(biāo)題而無“節(jié)”標(biāo)題,所以影印版添加了中英文“節(jié)”標(biāo)題,并重新排版,以便讀者查找定位。史晨先生在翻譯修訂第12版的過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)了原書的幾處文字錯誤,經(jīng)作者確認之后,影印版進行了修正。需要說明的是,影印版保留了索引部分,能夠滿足專業(yè)讀者將本書用作參考文獻的需要。應(yīng)培生教育出版集團要求,道格拉斯?諾斯的序言和前言使用了中文翻譯,我們一并加上中文版的序言,使讀者在閱讀正文之前對本書有一個總體認識。讀者在閱讀影印版時如果有不明之處,可以參考中文版,相信對學(xué)習(xí)英文和理解原文會有所幫助。希望本書能夠滿足廣大讀者學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)濟學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識的需要。
內(nèi)容概要
本書是風(fēng)靡國際的一部另類的經(jīng)典經(jīng)濟學(xué)教科書。與主流經(jīng)濟學(xué)教材不同,本書回避了繁復(fù)的公式、函數(shù)、運算,通過深入淺出和饒有趣味的圖畫,將日常生活中紛繁復(fù)雜、看似毫無關(guān)聯(lián)的一些社會現(xiàn)象,和一套富有一致性的思維框架結(jié)合起來,展現(xiàn)出一種“經(jīng)濟學(xué)的想象力”。正如道格拉斯?諾斯所說,經(jīng)濟學(xué)的力量就在于它是一種思維方式,本書的目的正是引導(dǎo)讀者學(xué)會經(jīng)濟學(xué)推理方式,從而能夠像經(jīng)濟學(xué)家一樣思考問題。
《經(jīng)濟學(xué)的思維方式》已經(jīng)被翻譯成多種語言,享譽全世界,堪稱經(jīng)濟學(xué)教育領(lǐng)域的一部標(biāo)尺性著作。自2008年第11版翻譯引進以來,在大專院校和非專業(yè)讀者中都引起了相當(dāng)?shù)姆错懀瑯s獲了多項優(yōu)秀圖書獎。作者在11版的基礎(chǔ)上,對全書的結(jié)構(gòu)和內(nèi)容作了大量修訂,帶給讀者全新的認識。影印第12版除了序言和前言采用中文,正文與英文原書完全一致,讓讀者充分體驗閱讀原文的樂趣與收獲。
作者簡介
保羅·海恩(Paul
Heyne,1931-2000),美國芝加哥大學(xué)倫理學(xué)與社會學(xué)博士、華盛頓大學(xué)經(jīng)濟系講師。作為大學(xué)本科經(jīng)濟學(xué)教育的改革者,海恩終身致力于改變講話刻板的經(jīng)濟學(xué)教學(xué)方式,被譽為“近25年來最優(yōu)秀的經(jīng)濟學(xué)教育工作者”之一?!督?jīng)濟學(xué)的思維方式》是海恩的代表作,在世界范圍內(nèi)享有盛譽。
彼得·勃特克(Peter
Boettke),美國喬治?梅森大學(xué)經(jīng)濟學(xué)博士,現(xiàn)為該校經(jīng)濟學(xué)教授,同時擔(dān)任詹姆斯?布坎南政治經(jīng)濟中心副主任,美國市場研究中心高級研究員。著有《計算和調(diào)試:社會主義和轉(zhuǎn)型政治經(jīng)濟學(xué)》、《新思維為何失?。荷鐣髁x改造的政治和經(jīng)濟》等。
大衛(wèi)·普雷契特科(David
Prychitko),美國喬治?梅森大學(xué)經(jīng)濟學(xué)博士,現(xiàn)任北密歇根大學(xué)經(jīng)濟系教授。編著有《市場過程理論》(與彼得?勃特克合作)、《為何經(jīng)濟學(xué)家不同意:經(jīng)濟學(xué)流派思想概論》等。
書籍目錄
出版前言
道格拉斯?C?諾斯序——經(jīng)濟學(xué)教材的革命
林毅夫中文第12版序——經(jīng)濟學(xué)的樣貌與靈魂
張維迎中文第11版序——為什么沒有免費的午餐
梁小民中文第11版序——像經(jīng)濟學(xué)家一樣思考
Preface 前 言
1 The Economic Way of Thinking 經(jīng)濟學(xué)的思維方式
Recognizing Order 認識秩序
The Importance of Social Cooperation 社會協(xié)作的重要性
How Does It Happen? 這一切是怎么發(fā)生的?
An Apparatus of the Mind—the skill of the economist
智力工具——經(jīng)濟學(xué)家的技能
Cooperation through mutual adjustment 通過相互調(diào)整進行合作
Rules of the game 游戲規(guī)則
Property rights as rules of the game 產(chǎn)權(quán)作為游戲規(guī)則
The biases of economic theory: a weakness or a strength?
經(jīng)濟學(xué)理論的偏倚:缺點還是優(yōu)點?
Biases or conclusions 偏倚還是結(jié)論?
No theory means poor theory 沒有理論就是糟糕的理論
Once over lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for discussion 問題與討論
2 Efficiency, Exchange, and Comparative Advantage
效率、交換與比較優(yōu)勢
Goods and Bads 好品和壞品
The Myth of Material Wealth 物質(zhì)財富的誤區(qū)
Trade Creates Wealth 貿(mào)易創(chuàng)造財富
Is It Worth It? Efficiency and Values 值不值?效率與價值
Recognizing Trade-Offs: Comparing Opportunity Costs of
Production
學(xué)會權(quán)衡:比較生產(chǎn)的機會成本
The Gains from Specialization and Exchange
從專業(yè)化和交換中獲益
Why Specialize? 為什么要專業(yè)化?
From Individual Trade to International Trade, and Back Again
從人際貿(mào)易到國際貿(mào)易,再到人際貿(mào)易
Transaction Costs 交易成本
Incentives to Reduce Transaction Costs: Middlemen
降低交易成本的激勵:中間人
Middlemen Create Information 中間人創(chuàng)造信息
Markets as Discovery Processes 市場作為發(fā)現(xiàn)過程
An Appendix: Economic Growth: Specialization, Exchange, and The
Rule of Law
延伸閱讀: 經(jīng)濟增長:專業(yè)化、交換和法治
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
3 Substitutes Everywhere: The Concept of Demand
無處不在的替代:需求的概念
On the Notion of “Needs” 關(guān)于“需要”
Marginal Values 邊際價值
Everyday Choices Are Marginal Choices 日常選擇就是邊際選擇
The Demand Curve 需求曲線
The Law of Demand 需求法則
Demand and Quantity Demanded 需求和需求量
Demand Itself Can Change 需求自身也會變
Everything Depends on Everything Else 任何事物都依賴于其他事物
Misperceptions Caused by Inflation 通貨膨脹導(dǎo)致的錯覺
Time Is on Our Side 時間站在我們這一邊
Price Elasticity of Demand 需求的價格彈性
Thinking About Elasticity 對彈性的思考
Elasticity and Total Receipts 彈性與總收入
The Myth of Vertical Demand 垂直需求的誤區(qū)
All Scarce Goods Must Be Rationed Somehow 所有稀缺品都必須以某種方式分配
Is Money All That Matters? Money Costs, Other Costs, and Economic
Calculation
只有錢重要嗎?貨幣成本、其他成本和經(jīng)濟計算
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
4 Cost and Choice: The Concept of Supply
成本和選擇:供給的概念
Refresher on Opportunity Costs 對機會成本的復(fù)習(xí)
Costs Are Tied to Actions, Not Things 成本和行為而不是事物相關(guān)
What Do I Do Now? The Irrelevance of “Sunk Costs”
我現(xiàn)在該干什么?“沉沒成本”的無關(guān)性
Producers’ Costs as Opportunity Costs 生產(chǎn)者的成本作為機會成本
Marginal Opportunity Costs 邊際機會成本
Costs and Supply 成本和供給
The Supply Curve 供給曲線
Supply Itself Can Change 供給自身也會變
Marginal and Average Costs 邊際成本和平均成本
The Cost of a Volunteer Military Force 志愿兵役制度的成本
Price Elasticity of Supply 供給的價格彈性
Cost as Justification 用成本論證正當(dāng)性
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
5 Supply and Demand: A Process of Coordination
供給與需求:協(xié)調(diào)的過程
The Market Is a Process of Plan Coordination
市場是計劃協(xié)調(diào)的過程
The Basic Process 基本過程
Competition, Cooperation, and Market Clearing
競爭、合作與市場出清
Changing Market Conditions 變動的市場條件
Learning from Free-Market Prices 理解自由市場價格
Central Planning and the Knowledge Problem
中央計劃和知識問題
An Appendix: Coordination Problems: Transaction Costs
延伸閱讀:協(xié)調(diào)遇到的問題:交易成本
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
6 Unintended Consequences: More Applications of Supply and
Demand
無意的后果:供求規(guī)律的更多應(yīng)用
Catastrophe and Confusion 自然災(zāi)害時供求的迷思
Catastrophe and Coordination 自然災(zāi)害時供求的協(xié)調(diào)
The Urge to Fix Prices 限價的沖動
Competition When Prices Are Fixed 價格固定時的競爭
Appropriate and Inappropriate Signals 恰當(dāng)與不恰當(dāng)?shù)男盘?br /> Looking for an Apartment in the City? Read the Obituary!
想在城里找公寓嗎?看訃告吧!
Strong Booze, Stronger Drugs: Criminal Incentives
烈酒、烈性毒品:犯罪的激勵
Skim Milk, Whole Milk, and Gangster Milkmen
脫脂牛奶、全脂牛奶和“牛奶匪幫”
Supports and Surpluses 價格下限與生產(chǎn)過剩
Supply, Demand, and the Minimum Wage 供給、需求和最低工資
Slavery Goes Global, Again 奴隸貿(mào)易再次全球化
Do Costs Determine Prices? 成本決定價格嗎?
The Dropouts Release Their First CD
“退出者”發(fā)行了他們的第一張唱片
“There’s Gold in Them Thar Hills!” So What?
“山里有金子!”那又怎么樣?
Even Butchers Don’t Have the Guts 甚至連屠戶都沒這個膽子
Why Does It Cost So Much to Change Bedpans?
為什么醫(yī)院里換個便盆都這么貴?
An Appendix: Framing Economic Questions Correctly
延伸閱讀:正確地表述經(jīng)濟問題
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
7 Profit and Loss 利潤與虧損
Wage, Rent, and Interest: Incomes Established in Advance by
Contract
工資、租金和利息:用合同事先確定的收入
Profit: Income That Can Be Positive or Negative
利潤:可正可負的收入
Calculating Profit: What Should Be Included in Costs?
計算利潤:哪些應(yīng)該計入成本?
Comparing Economic Profit and Accounting Profit
比較經(jīng)濟利潤和會計利潤
Uncertainty: A Necessary Condition for Profit
不確定性:利潤的必要條件
The Entrepreneur 企業(yè)家
The Entrepreneur as Residual Claimant 作為剩余索取者的企業(yè)家
Not-for-Profit Institutions 非營利機構(gòu)
Entrepreneurship and the Market Process 企業(yè)家才能與市場過程
Mere Luck? 僅僅是運氣嗎?
Profit and Loss as Coordinating Signals: The Role of Monetary
Calculation
利潤與虧損作為協(xié)調(diào)的信號:貨幣計量的作用
Beware of Experts 小心專家
An Appendix: Profiteering in Futures Markets
延伸閱讀:在期貨市場上賺取利潤
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
8 Price Searching 覓 價
The Popular Theory of Price Setting 定價的流行理論
Introducing Ed Sike 艾德?賽克登場
The Basic Rule for Maximizing Net Revenue
凈收益最大化的基本法則
The Concept of Marginal Revenue 邊際收益的概念
Why Marginal Revenue Is Less Than Price
為什么邊際收益會低于價格?
Setting Marginal Revenue to Equal Marginal Cost
讓邊際收益等于邊際成本
What About Those Empty Seats? 那些空座位呢?
The Price Discriminator’s Dilemma 差別定價者的困境
The College as Price Searcher 學(xué)校作為覓價者
Some Strategies for Price Discrimination
一些差別定價策略
Ed Sike Finds a Way 艾德?賽克找到了一個辦法
Resentment and Rationale 不滿情緒與“合理化”辯解
Lunch and Dinner Prices 午餐價和晚餐價
Cost-Plus-Markup Reconsidered 重新思考成本加成
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
9 Competition and Government Policy 競爭與政府政策
Competition as a Process 競爭作為一個過程
The Pressures of Competition 競爭的壓力
Controlling Competition 控制競爭
Restrictions on Competition 對競爭的限制
Competition for the Key Resource:
The $600,000 Taxi License 對核心資源的競爭:60萬美元的出租車執(zhí)照
Competition and Property Rights 競爭和財產(chǎn)權(quán)
The Ambivalence of Government Policies 政府政策的矛盾性
Selling Below Cost 低于成本銷售
What Is the Appropriate Cost? 什么是適當(dāng)?shù)某杀荆?br /> “Predators” and Competition “掠奪者”和競爭
Regulating Prices 價格管制
“Antitrust” Policy “反托拉斯”政策
Interpretations and Applications 解釋和應(yīng)用
Vertical Restraints: Competitive or Anticompetitive
縱向限制:競爭或反競爭
The Range of Opinion 觀點譜系
Toward Evaluation 對于競爭政策的評估
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
10 Externalities and Conflicting Rights
外部性與沖突的權(quán)利
Externalities, Negative and Positive 正外部性和負外部性
Perfection Is Unattainable 十全十美無法達到
Negotiation 協(xié) 商
Reducing Externalities Through Adjudication
通過裁定減少外部性
The Case of the Complaining Homeowner 抱怨的房主
The Importance of Precedents 先例的重要性
The Problem of Radical Change 劇烈變化帶來的問題
Reducing Externalities Through Legislation
通過立法減少外部性
Minimizing Costs 把成本降到最低
Another Approach: Taxing Emissions 另一種辦法:征收排放稅
Licenses to Pollute? 污染許可證?
Efficiency and Fairness 效率和公平
The Bubble Concept 泡泡法
Rights and the Social Problem of Pollution
權(quán)利和污染帶來的社會問題
Traffic Congestion as an Externality 交通擁堵作為一種外部性
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
11 Markets and Government 市場與政府
Private Versus Public? 私人還是公共?
Competition and Individualism 競爭和個人主義
Economic Theory and Government Action 經(jīng)濟理論和政府行為
The Right to Use Coercion 采取強制的權(quán)利
Is Government Necessary? 政府是必要的嗎?
Excluding Nonpayers 排除不付錢的人
The Free-Rider Problem 搭便車問題
Positive Externalities and Free Riders 正外部性和搭便車
Law and Order 法律和秩序
National Defense 國 防
Roads and Schools 道路和學(xué)?!?br /> Income Redistribution 收入再分配
The Regulation of Voluntary Exchange 自愿交易的管制
Government and the Public Interest 政府和公共利益
Information and Democratic Governments 信息和民主政府
The Interests of Elected Officials 民選官員的利益
Concentrated Benefits, Dispersed Costs 集中的收益,分散的成本
Positive Externalities and Government Policies
正外部性和政府政策
How Do People Identify the Public Interest?
人們?nèi)绾谓缍ü怖妗?br /> The Prisoners’ Dilemma 囚徒困境
The Limits of Political Institutions 政治制度的局限
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
12 Measuring the Overall Performance of Economic
Systems
衡量經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng)的整體績效
Gross Domestic Product 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值
GDP or GNP? GDP還是GNP?
GDP as Total Income Created in the Domestic Economy
GDP作為國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟創(chuàng)造的總收入
GDP Is Not a Measure of All Purchases in the Economy
GDP衡量的并非經(jīng)濟系統(tǒng)中的所有購買
GDP as Total Value Added GDP作為總附加價值
Is Value Added Always Positive? 附加價值是否總是正的?
Loose Ends: Unsold Inventories and Used Goods
零散問題:未出售的存貨和二手貨
Aggregate Fluctuations 總量波動
Unemployment and Nonemployment 失業(yè)和未就業(yè)
Employed, Not Employed, and Unemployed 就業(yè)、未就業(yè)和失業(yè)
Labor-Market Decisions 勞動力市場中的決策
Unemployment and Recessions 失業(yè)和經(jīng)濟衰退
Inflation 通貨膨脹
The Difficulties of Monetary Calculation 貨幣計量的難題
Recession and Inflation Since 1960
1960年以來的經(jīng)濟衰退和通貨膨脹
What Causes Aggregate Fluctuations? 什么導(dǎo)致總量波動?
An Appendix: Limitations of National Income Accounting
延伸閱讀:國民收入核算的局限
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
13 The Wealth of Nations: Globalization and Economic
Growth
國家的財富:全球化與經(jīng)濟增長
Who Is Rich, Who Is Poor? 誰富,誰窮?
The Historical Record 歷史記錄
Sources of Economic Growth 經(jīng)濟增長的源泉
Foreign Investment 外國投資
Human Capital 人力資本
Oil Comes from Our Minds 石油來自我們的頭腦
Economic Freedom Index 經(jīng)濟自由度指數(shù)
The Developmental Power of Private Property Rights
私有產(chǎn)權(quán)對發(fā)展的作用
The Asian Record 亞洲記錄
Outside of Asia 亞洲之外
Globalization and Its Discontents 全球化及其不滿
The Power of Popular Opinion 公眾意見的力量
The Power of Special Interests 特殊利益的力量
The Outsourcing Controversy: Soundbytes vs. Analysis
外包的爭論:脫口秀還是分析
An Appendix: The Difficulties of International GDP
Comparisons
延伸閱讀:跨國GDP比較的難點
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
14 Money 貨 幣
The Evolution of Money 貨幣的演化
The Myth of Fiat Money 法定貨幣的故事
The Nature of Money Today 當(dāng)今貨幣的性質(zhì)
So How Much Money Is Out There? 市面上有多少貨幣?
The Creation of Money 貨幣的創(chuàng)造
What Can Be Created Can Be Destroyed
任何可以創(chuàng)造出來的東西都可以被滅失
Credibility and Confidence 信用和信任
Banks Under Regulation: Legal Reserve Requirements
受管制的銀行:法定存款準(zhǔn)備金制度
The Fed as Monitor and Rule Enforcer
美聯(lián)儲作為監(jiān)督者和規(guī)則實施者
The Tools Used by the Fed 美聯(lián)儲的工具
The Discount Rate 貼現(xiàn)率
Open Market Operations 公開市場操作
But Who Is Really in Charge? 但是誰真正做主呢?
An Appendix: What about Gold? 延伸閱讀:那么黃金呢?
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
15 Economic Performance and Real-World Politics
經(jīng)濟績效和真實世界中的政治
The Great Depression 經(jīng)濟大蕭條
What Really Happens in a Recession? 經(jīng)濟衰退期間究竟會發(fā)生什么?
A Cluster of Errors 錯誤集群
Monetary Mismanagement, Monetary Miscalculation
貨幣的不良管理和錯誤計算
Monetary Equilibrium 貨幣均衡
When Is Monetary Policy Effective? 貨幣政策何時有效?
The Case for Fiscal Policy 財政政策
The Necessity of Good Timing 掌握好時機的必要性
The Federal Budget as a Policy Tool 聯(lián)邦預(yù)算作為一種政策工具
Time Horizons and Politics 任期和政治
Deficits Unlimited 無限度的赤字
Why Not Government at All Levels? 為什么不是各級政府都如此?
Discretion and Rules 自由裁量和規(guī)則
Who Is at the Controls? 誰掌權(quán)?
Once Over Lightly 簡短回顧
Questions for Discussion 問題與討論
16 Renewal of the Debate: Some Parting Thoughts
辯論的更新:臨別的思想贈言
The Great Financial Crisis of 2008 . . . and Beyond
2008年及其后的金融大海嘯
But First: The S&L Crisis of the 1980s
先得回顧20世紀(jì)80年代的存貸危機
The Subprime Mortgage Crisis: Hurting the Disadvantaged by Helping
the Disadvantaged
次貸危機:對弱勢群體的幫助反而害了他們
Profit, Loss, and Bailout: Can a Government Agency Be a Good
Entrepreneur?
利潤、虧損和援助:政府機構(gòu)可以成為一個好企業(yè)家嗎?
What Economists Know and the Limitations of Economics
經(jīng)濟學(xué)家知道什么和經(jīng)濟學(xué)的局限
Beyond Mere Economics 超越純粹的經(jīng)濟學(xué)
Glossary 重要詞匯
Index 索 引
章節(jié)摘錄
版權(quán)頁: 插圖: Economic systems-the customs and practices through which citizens pursue and coordinate their projects and plans-are shaped by the "rules of the game,"a phrase you're going to meet repeatedly in this book.The rules of the economic game go a long way in explaining whether people will use scarce resources effectively or wastefuily. Rules affect incentives.Take Major League Baseball,for example.Why do National League pitchers practice bunting while American League pitchers don't engage in batting'practice at all?Because the rules of the game are different with respect to pitchers:National League pitchers step up to the plate during the game;the American League substitutes designated hitters for its pitchers.The designated hitter rule provides little or no incentive for an American League pitcher to become a better batter. Whether the "game" is business,government,science,family,school,traffic,baseball,test taking,or dating,it can't be played satisfactorily unless the players know at least roughly what the rules are and generally agree to follow them.The rules must be reasonably stable.Although rules can and will change over time,they must have a fair degree of stability so that they can be known and relied on (imagine the problems that would emerge were the designated hitter rule to be dropped during the middle of an American League ball game or even during midseason),Often it takes time for participants to understand and adjust appropriately to new rules of the game.Consider,for example,the recent expansion of the strike zone by umpires in Major League Baseball. Players are beginning to adjust their expectations of what counts as a ball and a strike and will adjust their batting strategies in light of the evolution of the rule.Pitchers and catchers are adjusting their strategies as well. Most social interaction is directed and coordinated by the rules that participants know and follow.When the rules are in dispute or inconsistent or simply not clear,the game tends to break down.This is true not only of a child's game of Go Fish or a professional ball game but for production and trade as well.In the 1990s,the countries of central and eastern Europe that were trying to move from centrally planned and bureaucratically controlled systems of production to decentralized,market-coordinated systems faced no greater obstacle than the absence of clear and accepted rules for the new game they were attempting to play.
媒體關(guān)注與評論
同現(xiàn)行的教材相比,本書是一種根本性的變革。……恰如本書標(biāo)題揭示的,經(jīng)濟學(xué)的力量就在于它是一種思維方式。對這種思維方式的理解曾經(jīng)是(今后也一直是)經(jīng)濟學(xué)對社會科學(xué)的革命性貢獻,它有助于我們增進對周遭世界的理解。——道格拉斯·諾斯,1993年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟學(xué)獎得主經(jīng)濟學(xué)對學(xué)習(xí)者真正有用的,是在這些錯綜復(fù)雜的理論背后,所反映出的一套觀察個人行為及社會現(xiàn)象的思維方式。保羅·海恩的《經(jīng)濟學(xué)的思維方式》以對活生生的、日常發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象解析來闡述此點,并幫助學(xué)生學(xué)會像經(jīng)濟學(xué)家那樣思維,有助于初學(xué)者掌握現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟學(xué)的精髓。——林毅夫,世界銀行高級副行長及首席經(jīng)濟學(xué)家保羅·海恩等人的《經(jīng)濟學(xué)的思維方式》,是我所讀到的寫給非經(jīng)濟學(xué)專業(yè)讀者的最好的經(jīng)濟學(xué)教科書之一。——張維迎,北大光華管理學(xué)院教授這本書從思維方式入手介紹了各種經(jīng)濟學(xué)知識,從個人到社會、從微觀到宏觀、從主流的觀點到非主流的看法、從歷史到現(xiàn)實,可以說,這本書的內(nèi)容相當(dāng)全面,但切入點不同,組織與寫作的方法也不同,讓一般讀者讀起來更容易,理解起來也更容易。——梁小民,著名經(jīng)濟學(xué)家
名人推薦
同現(xiàn)行的教材相比,本書是一種根本性的變革?!∪绫緯鴺?biāo)題揭示的,經(jīng)濟學(xué)的力量就在于它是一種思維方式。對這種思維方式的理解曾經(jīng)是(今后也一直是)經(jīng)濟學(xué)對社會科學(xué)的革命性貢獻,它有助于我們增進對周遭世界的理解?!栏窭?諾斯,1993年諾貝爾經(jīng)濟學(xué)獎得主經(jīng)濟學(xué)對學(xué)習(xí)者真正有用的,是在這些錯綜復(fù)雜的理論背后,所反映出的一套觀察個人行為及社會現(xiàn)象的思維方式。保羅?海恩的《經(jīng)濟學(xué)的思維方式》以對活生生的、日常發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象解析來闡述此點,并幫助學(xué)生學(xué)會像經(jīng)濟學(xué)家那樣思維,有助于初學(xué)者掌握現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟學(xué)的精髓?!忠惴?,世界銀行高級副行長及首席經(jīng)濟學(xué)家保羅?海恩等人的《經(jīng)濟學(xué)的思維方式》,是我所讀到的寫給非經(jīng)濟學(xué)專業(yè)讀者的最好的經(jīng)濟學(xué)教科書之一。——張維迎,北大光華管理學(xué)院教授這本書從思維方式入手介紹了各種經(jīng)濟學(xué)知識,從個人到社會、從微觀到宏觀、從主流的觀點到非主流的看法、從歷史到現(xiàn)實,可以說,這本書的內(nèi)容相當(dāng)全面,但切入點不同,組織與寫作的方法也不同,讓一般讀者讀起來更容易,理解起來也更容易?!盒∶?,著名經(jīng)濟學(xué)家
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