現(xiàn)代動力系統(tǒng)理論導(dǎo)論

內(nèi)容概要

　　this book provides the first self-contained comprehensive
exposition of the theory of dynamical systems as a core
mathematical discipline closely intertwined with most of the main
areas of mathematics. the authors introduce and rigorously develop
the theory while providing researchers interested in applications
with fundamental tools and paradigms.
　　 the book begins with a discussion of several elementary but
fundamental examples. these are used to formulate a program for the
general study of asymptotic properties and to introduce the
principal theoretical concepts and methods. the main theme of the
second part of the book is the interplay between local analysis
near individual orbits and the global complexity of the orbit
structure. the third and fourth parts develop in depth the theories
of !ow-dimensional dynamical systems and hyperbolic dynamical
systems.
　　 the book is aimed at students and researchers in mathematics at
all levels from ad-vanced undergraduate up. scientists and
engineers working in applied dynamics, non-linear science, and
chaos will also find many fresh insights in this concrete and clear
presentation. it contains more than four hundred systematic
exercises.

作者簡介

編者：(美國)卡托克 (Katok A.)

書籍目錄

preface
0. introduction
1. principal branches of dynamics
2. flows, vector fields, differential equations
3. time-one map, section, suspension
4. linearization and localization
part 1examples and fundamental concepts
1. firstexamples
1. maps with stable asymptotic behavior
contracting maps; stability of contractions; increasing interval
maps
2. linear maps
3. rotations of the circle
4. translations on the torus
5. linear flow on the torus and completely integrable systems
6. gradient flows
7. expanding maps
8. hyperbolic toral automorphisms
9. symbolic dynamical systems
sequence spaces; the shift transformation; topological markov
chains; the
.perron-frobenius operator for positive matrices
2. equivalence, classification, andinvariants
1. smooth conjugacy and moduli for maps equivalence and moduli;
local analytic linearization; various types of moduli
2. smooth conjugacy and time change for flows
3. topological conjugacy, factors, and structural stability
4. topological classification of expanding maps on a circle
expanding maps; conjugacy via coding; the fixed-point method
5. coding, horseshoes, and markov partitions
markov partitions; quadratic maps; horseshoes; coding of the toral
automor- phism
6. stability of hyperbolic total automorphisms
7. the fast-converging iteration method (newton method) for
the
conjugacy problem
methods for finding conjugacies; construction of the iteration
process
8. the poincare-siegel theorem
9. cocycles and cohomological equations
3. principalclassesofasymptotictopologicalinvariants
1. growth of orbits
periodic orbits and the-function; topological entropy; volume
growth; topo-logical complexity: growth in the fundamental group;
homological growth
2. examples of calculation of topological entropy
isometries; gradient flows; expanding maps; shifts and topological
markov chains; the hyperbolic toral automorphism; finiteness of
entropy of lipschitz maps; expansive maps
3. recurrence properties
4.statistical behavior of orbits and introduction to ergodic
theory
1. asymptotic distribution and statistical behavior of orbits
asymptotic distribution, invariant measures; existence of invariant
measures;the birkhoff ergodic theorem; existence of symptotic
distribution; ergod-icity and unique ergodicity; statistical
behavior and recurrence; measure-theoretic somorphism and
factors
2. examples of ergodicity; mixing
rotations; extensions of rotations; expanding maps; mixing;
hyperbolic total automorphisms; symbolic systems
3. measure-theoretic entropy
entropy and conditional entropy of partitions; entropy of a
measure-preserving transformation; properties of entropy
4. examples of calculation of measure-theoretic entropy
rotations and translations; expanding maps; bernoulli and markov
measures;hyperbolic total automorphisms
5. the variational principle
5.systems with smooth invar1ant measures and more examples
1. existence of smooth invariant measures
the smooth measure class; the perron-frobenius operator and
divergence;criteria for existence of smooth invariant measures;
absolutely continuous invariant measures for expanding maps; the
moser theorem
2. examples of newtonian systems
the newton equation; free particle motion on the torus; the
mathematical pendulum; central forces
3. lagrangian mechanics
uniqueness in the configuration space; the lagrange equation;
lagrangian systems; geodesic flows; the legendre transform
4. examples of geodesic flows
manifolds with many symmetries; the sphere and the toms; isometrics
of the hyperbolic plane; geodesics of the hyperbolic plane; compact
factors; the dynamics of the geodesic flow on compact hyperbolic
surfaces
5. hamiltonian systems
symplectic geometry; cotangent bundles; hamiltonian vector fields
and flows;poisson brackets; integrable systems
6. contact systems
hamiltonian systems preserving a 1-form; contact forms
7. algebraic dynamics: homogeneous and afline systems
part 2local analysis and orbit growth
6.local hyperbolic theory and its applications
1. introduction
2. stable and unstable manifolds
hyperbolic periodic orbits; exponential splitting; the
hadamard-perron the-orem; proof of the hadamard-perron theorem; the
inclination lemma
3. local stability of a hyperbolic periodic point
the hartman-grobman theorem; local structural stability
4. hyperbolic sets
definition and invariant cones; stable and unstable manifolds;
closing lemma and periodic orbits; locally maximal hyperbolic
sets
5. homoclinic points and horseshoes
general horseshoes; homoclinic points; horseshoes near homoclinic
poi
6. local smooth linearization and normal forms
jets, formal power series, and smooth equivalence; general formal
analysis; the hyperbolic smooth case
7.transversality and genericity
1. generic properties of dynamical systems
residual sets and sets of first category; hyperbolicity and
genericity
2. genericity of systems with hyperbolic periodic points
transverse fixed points; the kupka-smale theorem
3. nontransversality and bifurcations
structurally stable bifurcations; hopf bifurcations
4. the theorem of artin and mazur
8.orbitgrowtharisingfromtopology
1. topological and fundamental-group entropies
2. a survey of degree theory
motivation; the degree of circle maps; two definitions of degree
for smooth maps; the topological definition of degree
3. degree and topological entropy
4. index theory for an isolated fixed point
5. the role of smoothness: the shub-sullivan theorem
6. the lefschetz fixed-point formula and applications
7. nielsen theory and periodic points for toral maps
9.variational aspects of dynamics
1. critical points of functions, morse theory, and dynamics
2. the billiard problem
3. twist maps
definition and examples; the generating function; extensions;
birkhoff peri-odic orbits; global minimality of birkhoff periodic
orbits
4. variational description of lagrangian systems
5. local theory and the exponential map
6. minimal geodesics
7. minimal geodesics on compact surfaces
part 3low-dimensional phenomena
10. introduction: what is low-dimensional dynamics?
motivation; the intermediate value property and conformality; vet
low-dimensional and low-dimensional systems; areas of
!ow-dimensional dynamics
11.homeomorphismsofthecircle
1. rotation number
2. the poincare classification
rational rotation number; irrational rotation number; orbit types
and mea-surable classification
12. circle diffeomorphisms
1. the denjoy theorem
2. the denjoy example
3. local analytic conjugacies for diophantine rotation number
4. invariant measures and regularity of conjugacies
5. an example with singular conjugacy
6. fast-approximation methods
conjugacies of intermediate regularity; smooth cocycles with wild
cobound-aries
7. ergodicity with respect to lebesgue measure
13. twist maps
1. the regularity lemma
2. existence of aubry-mather sets and homoclinic orbits
aubry-mather sets; invariant circles and regions of
instability
3. action functionals, minimal and ordered orbits
minimal action; minimal orbits; average action and minimal
measures; stable sets for aubry-mather sets
4. orbits homoclinic to aubry-mather sets
5. nonexisience of invariant circles and localization of
aubry-mather sets
14.flowsonsurfacesandrelateddynamicalsystems
1. poincare-bendixson theory
the poincare-bendixson theorem; existence of transversals
2. fixed-point-free flows on the torus
global transversals; area-preserving flows
3. minimal sets
4. new phenomena
the cherry flow; linear flow on the octagon
5. interval exchange transformations
definitions and rigid intervals; coding; structure of orbit
closures; invariant measures; minimal nonuniquely ergodic interval
exchanges
6. application to flows and billiards
classification of orbits; parallel flows and billiards in
polygons
7. generalizations of rotation number
rotation vectors for flows on the torus; asymptotic cycles;
fundamental class and smooth classification of area-preserving
flows
15.continuousmapsoftheinterval
1. markov covers and partitions
2. entropy, periodic orbits, and horseshoes
3. the sharkovsky theorem
4. maps with zero topological entropy
5. the kneading theory
6. the tent model
16.smoothmapsoftheinterval
1. the structure of hyperbolic repellers
2. hyperbolic sets for smooth maps
3. continuity of entropy
4. full families of unimodal maps
part 4hyperbolic dynamical systems
17.surveyofexamples
1. the smale attractor
2. the da (derived from anosov) map and the plykin attractor
the da map; the plykln attractor
3. expanding maps and anosov automorphisms of nilmanifolds
4. definitions and basic properties of hyperbolic sets for
flows
5. geodesic flows on surfaces of constant negative curvature
6. geodesic flows on compact riemannian manifolds with negative
sectional curvature
7. geodesic flows on rank-one symmetric spaces
8. hyperbolic julia sets in the complex plane
rational maps of the riemann sphere; holomorphic dynamics
18.topologicalpropertiesofhyperbolicsets
1. shadowing of pseudo-orbits
2. stability of hyperbolic sets and markov approximation
3. spectral decomposition and specification
spectral decomposition for maps; spectral decomposition for flows;
specifica- tion
4. local product structure
5. density and growth of periodic orbits
6. global classification of anosov diffeomorphisms on tori
7. markov partitions
19. metric structure of hyperbolic sets
1. holder structures
the invariant class of hsider-continuons functions; hslder
continuity of conju-gacies; hslder continuity of orbit equivalence
for flows; hslder continuity and differentiability of the unstable
distribution; hslder continuity of the jacobian
2. cohomological equations over hyperbolic dynamical systems
the livschitz theorem; smooth invariant measures for anosov
diffeomor-phisms; time change and orbit equivalence for hyperbolic
flows; equivalence of torus extensions
20.equilibriumstatesandsmoothinvariantmeasures
1. bowen measure
2. pressure and the variational principle
3. uniqueness and classification of equilibrium states
uniqueness of equilibrium states; classification of equilibrium
states
4. smooth invariant measures
properties of smooth invariant measures; smooth classification of
anosov dif-feomorphisms on the torus; smooth classification of
contact anosov flows on 3-manifolds
5. margulis measure
6. multiplicative asymptotic for growth of periodic points
local product flow boxes; the multiplicative asymptotic of orbit
growth supplement
s. dynamical systems with nonuniformly hyperbolic behavior
byanatolekatokandleonardomendoza
1. introduction
2. lyapunov exponents
cocycles over dynamical systems; examples of cocycles; the
multiplicative ergodic theorem; osedelec-pesin e-reduction theorem;
the rue!!e inequality
3. regular neighborhoods
existence of regular neighborhoods; hyperbolic points, admissible
manifolds, and the graph transform
4. hyperbolic measures
preliminaries; the closing lemma; the shadowing lemma;
pseudo-markov covers; the livschitz theorem
5. entropy and dynamics of hyperbolic measures
hyperbolic measures and hyperbolic periodic points; continuous
measures and transverse homoclinic points; the spectral
decomposition theorem; entropy,horseshoes, and periodic points for
hyperbolic measures
appendix
a. background material
1. basic topology
topological spaces; homotopy theory; metric spaces
2. functional analysis
3. differentiable manifolds
differentiable manifolds; tensor bundles; exterior calculus;
transversality
4. differential geometry
5. topology and geometry of surfaces
6. measure theory
basic notions; measure and topology
7. homology theory
8. locally compact groups and lie groups
notes
hintsandanswerstotheexercises
references
index

章節(jié)摘錄

版權(quán)頁：插圖：The purpose of tlus chapter is to introduce the variational approach to dy-namics, that is, to show how interesting orbits in some dynamical systemscan be found as special critical points of functionals defined on appropriateauxiliary spaces of potential orbits. This idea goes back to the variational prin-ciples in dassical mechanics （Maupertuis, d'Alembert, Lagrange, etc.）. rfheclassical continuous-time case presents certain difficulties related to infinite-dimensionality of the spaces of potential orbits.  In order to demonstrate theessential features of this approach and to avoid those difficulties we start inSection 2 with a model geometric problem describing the motion of a pointmass inside a convex domain. Then we consider in Section 3 a more generalclass of area-preserving two-dimensional dynamical systems, twist maps, whichpossesses the essential features of that example, but covers many other inter-esting situations. The main result there is Theorem 9.3.7, which guarantees existence of in,fin,itely 'many periodic orbits with a special behavior for any twist map.  At least as important as that result itself is the machinery involving theaction functional （9.3.7） for the periodic problem, which will be extended inChapter 13 to give results about nonperiodic orbits. Furthermore, after de- veloping the necessary local theory, the approach can then be refined to studycontinuous-time systems as well, although we only carry out the program forgeodesic flows, where the action functional has a particularly clear geometricinterpretation. An important ingredient here is to reduce the global problem to a finite-dimensional one by considering "broken geodesics"  （cf.  the proof ofTheorem 9.5.8）. We concentrate our attention in Sections 6 and 7 on describ- ing the invariant set consisting of globally minimal geodesics, that is, geodesics which on the universal cover are length-minimizing segments between any two of their points.  There are two principal conclusions:  Theorem 9.6.7 connects the geometrical complexity of the manifold measured by the growth of the volume of balls on the universal cover with the dynamical complexity of the geodesic flow measured by the topological entropy.

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