弦論和M理論導(dǎo)論

內(nèi)容概要

　　String theory is one of the most exciting and challenging areas of modern theoretical physics. It was developed in the late 1960s for the purpose of de-scribing the strong nuclear force. Problems were encountered that prevented this program from attaining complete success. In particular， it was realized that the dpectrum of a fundamental string contains an undesired massless spin-two particle. Quantum chromodynamics eventually proved to be the correct theory for describing the strong force and the properties of hadrons，New doors opened for string theory when in 1974 it was proposed to identify the massless spin-two particle in the strings spectrum with the graviton， the quantum of gravitation. String theory became then the most promising can-didate for a quantum theory of gravity unified with the other forces and has developed into one of the most fascinating the6ries of high-energy physics.

書籍目錄

preface1 introduction1.1 historical origins1.2 general features1.3 basic string theory1.4 modern developments in superstring theory2 the bosonic string2.1 p-brane actions2.2 the string action2.3 string sigma-model action： the classical theory2.4 canonical quantization2.5 light-cone gauge quantization3 conformal field theory and string interactions3.1 conformal field theory3.2 brst quantization3.3 background fields3.4 vertex operators3.5 the structure of string perturbation theory3.6 the linear-dilaton vacuum and noncritical strings3.7 wittens open-string field theory4 strings with world-sheet supersymmetry4.1 ramond-neveu-schwarz strings4.2 global world-sheet supersymmetry4.3 constraint equations mad conformal invaxiance4.4 boundary conditions and mode expansions4.5 canonical quantization of the rns string4.6 light-cone gauge quantization of the rns string4.7 scft and brst5 strings with space-time supersymmetry5.1 the do-brane action5.2 the supersymmetric string action5.3 quantization of the gs action5.4 gauge anomalies and their cancellation6 t-duality and d-branes6.1 the bosonic string and dp-branes6.2 d-branes in type ii superstring theories6.3 type i superstring theory6.4 t-duality in the presence of background fields6.5 world-volume actions for d-branes7 the heterotic string7.1 nonabelian gauge symmetry in string theory7.2 fermionic construction of the heterotic string7.3 toroidal compactification7.4 bosonic construction of the heterotic string8 m-theory and string duality8.1 low-energy effective actions8.2 s-duality8.3 m-theory8.4 m-theory dualities9 string geometry9.1 orbifolds9.2 calabi-yau manifolds： mathematical properties9.3 examples of calabi-yau manifolds9.4 calabi-yau compactifications of the heterotic string9.5 deformations of calabi-yau manifolds9.6 special geometry9.7 type iia and type iib on calabi-yau three-folds9.8 nonperturbative effects in calabi-yau compactifications9.9 mirror symmetry9.10 heterotic string theory on calabi-yau three-folds9.11 k3 compactifications and more string dualities9.12 manifolds with g2 and spin（7） holonomy10 flux compactifications10.1 flux compactifications and calabi-yau four-folds10.2 flux compactifications of the type iib theory10.3 moduli stabilization10.4 fluxes， torsion and heterotic strings10.5 the strongly coupled heterotic string10.6 the landscape10.7 fluxes and cosmology11 black holes in string theory11.1 black holes in general relativity11.2 black-hole thermodynamics11.3 black holes in string theory11.4 statistical derivation of the entropy11.5 the attractor mechanism11.6 small bps black holes in four dimensions12 gauge theory/string theory dualities12.1 black-brane solutions in string theory and m-theory12.2 matrix theory12.3 the ads/cft correspondence12.4 gauge/string duality for the conifold and generalizations12.5 plane-wave space-times and their duals12.6 geometric transitionsbibliographic discussionbibliographyindex

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