有限溫度場論原理和應用

內容概要

　　what happens when ordinary matter is so
greatly compressed that the electrons form a relativistic
degenerate gas, as in a white dwarf star? what happens when the
matter is compressed even further so that atomic nuclei overlap to
form superdense nuclear matter, as in a neutron star? what happens
when nuclear matter is heated to such great temperatures that the
nucleons and pions melt into quarks and gluons, as in high-energy
nuclear collisions? what happened in the spontaneous symmetry
break-ing of the unified theory of the weak and electromagnetic
interactions during the big bang? questions like these have
fascinated us for a long time. the purpose of this book is to
develop the fundamental principles and mathematical techniques that
enable the formulation of answers to these mind-boggling questions.
the study of matter under extreme con-ditions has blossomed into a
field of intense interdisciplinary activity and global extent. the
analysis of the collective behavior of interacting rela-tivistic
systems spans a rich palette of physical phenomena. one of the
ultimate goals of the whole program is to map out the phase diagram
of the standard model and its extensions.
　　 this text assumes that the reader has completed graduate level
courses in thermal and statistical physics and in relativistic
quantum field theory.our aims are to convey a coherent picture of
the field and to prepare the reader to read and understand the
original and current literature. the book is not, however, a
compendium of all known results; this would havemade it
prohibitively long. we start from the basic principles of
quantumfield theory, thermodynamics, and statistical mechanics.
this develop-ment is most elegantly accomplished by means of
feynman's functionalintegral formalism. having a functional
integral expression for the parti-tion function allows a
straightforward derivation of diagrammatic rules for interacting
field theories. it also provides a framework for defining gauge
theories on finite lattices, which then enables integration by
monte carlo techniques. the formal aspects are illustrated with
applications drawn from fields of research that are close to the
authors' own experience. eachchapter carries its own exercises,
reference list, and select bibliography.the book is based on
finite-temperature field theory, written by one of us (jk) and
published in 1989. although the fundamental principles have not
changed, there have been many important developments since then,
necessitating a new book.

書籍目錄

preface
1review of quantum statistical mechanics
　1.1ensembles
　1.2one bosonic degree of freedom
　1.3one fermionic-degree of freedom
　1.4noninteracting gases
　1.5exercises
　bibliography
2functional integral representation of the partition function
　2.1transition amplitude for bosons
　2.2partition function for bosons
　2.3neutral scalar field
　2.4bose-einstein condensation
　2.5fermions
　2.6remarks on functional integrals
　2.7exercises
　reference
　bibliography
3 interactions and diagrammatic techniques
　3.1perturbation expansion
　3.2diagrammatic rules forλφ4 theory
　3.3propagators
　3.4first-order corrections to il and in z
　3.5summation of infrared divergences
　3.6yukawa theory
　3.7remarks on real time perturbation theory
　3.8exercises
　references
　bibliography
4renormalization
　4.1renormalizingλφ4 theory
　4.2renormalization group
　4.3regularization schemes
　4.4application to the partition function
　4.5exercises
　references
　bibliography
5quantum electrodynamics
　5.1quantizing the electromagnetic field
　5.2blackbody radiation
　5.3diagrammatic expansion
　5.4photon self-energy
　5.5loop corrections to in z
　5.6exercises
　references
　bibliography
6linear response theory
　6.1linear response to an external field
　6.2lehmann representation
　6.3screening of static electric fields
　6.4screening of a point charge
　6.5exact formula for screening length in qed
　6.6collective excitations
　6.7photon dispersion relation
　6.8electron dispersion relation
　6.9kubo formulae for viscosities and conductivities
　6.10 exercises
　references
　bibliography
7 spontaneous symmetry breaking and restoration
　7.1charged scalar field with negative mass-squared
　7.2goldstone's theorem
　7.3loop corrections
　7.4higgs model
　7.5exercises
　references
　bibliography
8quantum chromodynamics
　8.1quarks and gluons
　8.2asymptotic freedom
　8.3perturbative evaluation of partition function
　8.4higher orders at finite temperature
　8.5gluon propagator and linear response
　8.6instantons
　8.7infrared problems
　8.8strange quark matter
　8.9color superconductivity
　8.10 exercises
　references
　bibliography
9resummation and hard thermal loops
　9.1isolating the hard thermal loop contribution
　9.2hard thermal loops and ward identities
　9.3hard thermal loops and effective perturbation theory
　9.4spectral densities
　9.5kinetic theory
　9.6transport coefficients
　9.7exercises
　references
10lattice gauge theory
　10.1 abelian gauge theory
　10.2 nonabelian gauge theory
　10.3 fermions
　10.4 phase transitions in pure gauge theory
　10.5 lattice qcd
　10.6 exercises
　references
　bibliography
11dense nuclear matter
12hot hadronic matter
13nucleation theory
14heavy ion collisions
15weak interactions
16 astrophysics and cosmology
appendix
index

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