量子光學(xué)基礎(chǔ)

前言

This book grew out of a 2-semester graduate course in laser physics and quan-tum optics. It requires a solid understanding of elementary electromagnetismas well as at least one, but preferably two, semesters of quantum mechanics.Its present form resulted from many years of teaching and research at theUniversity of Arizona, the Max-Planck-Institut fiir Quantenoptik, and theUniversity of Munich. The contents have evolved significantly over the years,due to the fact that quantum optics is a rapidly changing field. Because theamount of material that can be covered in two semesters is finite, a numberof topics had to be left out or shortened when new material was added. Im-portant omissions include the manipulation of atomic trajectories by light,superradiance, and descriptions of experiments.

內(nèi)容概要

This book grew out of a 2-semester graduate course in laser physics and quan-tum optics. It requires a solid understanding of elementary electromagnetismas well as at least one, but preferably two, semesters of quantum mechanics.

作者簡介

作者：（美國）梅斯瑞

書籍目錄

Classical Electromagnetic Fields　1.1 Maxwell's Equations in a Vacuum　1.2 Maxwell's Equations in a Medium　1.3 Linear Dipole Oscillator　1.4 Coherence　1.5 Free-Electron Lasers　ProblemsClassical Nonlinear Optics　2.1 Nonlinear Dipole Oscillator　2.2 Coupled-Mode Equations　2.3 Cubic Nonlinearity　2.4 Four-Wave Mixing with Degenerate Pump Frequencies 　2.5 Nonlinear Susceptibilities　ProblemsQuantum Mechanical Background　3.1 Review of Quantum Mechanics　3.2 Time-Dependent Perturbation Theory　3.3 Atom-Field Interaction for Two-Level Atoms　3.4 Simple Harmonic Oscillator　ProblemsMixtures and the Density Operator　4.1 Level Damping　4.2 The Density Matrix　4.3 Vector Model of Density Matrix　ProblemsCW Field Interactions　5.1 Polarization of Two-Level Medium　5.2 Inhomogeneously Broadened Media 　5.3 Counterpropagating Wave Interactions　5.4 Two-Photon Two-Level Model　5.5 Polarization of Semiconductor Gain MediaProblems　6 Mechanical Effects of Light　6.1 Atom-Field Interaction　6.2 Doppler Cooling　6.3 The Near-Resonant Kapitza-Dirac Effect　6.4 Atom Interferometry　ProblemsIntroduction to Laser Theory　7.1 The Laser Self-Consistency Equations　7.2 Steady-State Amplitude and Frequency　7.3 Standing-Wave, Doppler-Broadened Lasers　7.4 Two-Mode Operation and the Ring Laser　7.5 Mode Locking　7.6 Single-Mode Semiconductor Laser Theory　7.7 Transverse Variations and Gaussian Beams　ProblemsOptical Bistability　8.1 Simple Theory of Dispersive Optical Bistability　8.2 Absorptive Optical Bistability　8.3 Ikeda Instability　Problems　9 Saturation Spectroscopy　9.1 Probe Wave Absorption Coefficient　9.2 Coherent Dips and the Dynamic Stark Effect　9.3 Inhomogeneously Broadened Media　9.4 Three-Level Saturation Spectroscopy　9.5 Dark States and Electromagnetically Induced Transparency　Problems　10 Three and Four Wave Mixing　10.1 Phase Conjugation in Two-Level Media　10.2 Two-Level Coupled Mode Coefficients　10.3 Modulation Spectroscopy　10.4 Nondegenerate Phase Conjugation by Four-Wave Mixing 　Problems　11 Time-Varying Phenomena in Cavities　11.1 Relaxation Oscillations in Lasers　11.2 Stability of Single-Mode Laser Operation　11.3 Multimode Mode Locking　11.4 Single-Mode Laser and the Lorenz Model　ProblemsCoherent Transients　12.1 Optical Nutation　12.2 Free Induction Decay　12.3 Photon Echo　12.4 Ramsey Fringes　12.5 Pulse Propagation and Area Theorem　12.6 Self-Induced Transparency　12.7 Slow Light　ProblemsField Quantization　13.1 Single-Mode Field Quantization　13.2 Multimode Field Quantization　13.3 Single-Mode Field in Thermal Equilibrium　13.4 Coherent States　13.5 Coherence of Quantum Fields　13.6 Quasi-Probability Distributions　13.7 SchrSdinger Field Quantization　13.8 The Gross-Pitaevskii Equation　ProblemsInteraction Between Atoms and Quantized Fields　14.1 Dressed States　14.2 Jaynes-Cummlngs Model　14.3 Spontaneous Emission in Free Space　14.4 Quantum Beats　ProblemsSystem-Reservoir Interactions　15.1 Master Equation　15.2 Fokker-Planck Equation　15.3 Langevin Equations　15.4 Monte-Carlo Wave Functions　15.5 Quantum Regression Theorem and Noise Spectra　ProblemsResonance Fluorescence　16.1 Phenomenology　16.2 Langevin Equations of Motion　16.3 Scattered Intensity and Spectrum　16.4 Connection with Probe Absorption　16.5 Photon Antibnnching　16.6 Off-Resonant Excitation　Problems Squeezed States of Light　17.1 Squeezing the Coherent State　17.2 Two-Sidemode Master Equation　17.3 Two-Mode Squeezing　17.4 Squeezed Vacuum　ProblemsCavity Quantum ElectrodynAmlcs　18.1 Generalized Master Equation for the Atom-Cavity System　18.2 Weak Coupling Regime　18.3 Strong Coupling Regime　18.4 Velocity-Dependent Spontaneous Emission　18.5 Input-Output Formalism　ProblemsQuantum Theory of a Laser　19.1 The Micromaser　19.2 Single Mode Laser Master Equation　19.3 Laser Photon Statistics and Linewidth　19.4 Quantized Sidemode Buildup　ProblemsEntanglement, Bell Inequalities and Quantum Information　20.1 Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox and Bell Inequalities　20.2 Bipartite Entanglement　20.3 The Quantum Beam Splitter　20.4 Quantum Teleportation　20.5 Quantum Cryptography　20.6 Toward Quantum Computing　Problems　References　Index

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：In this book we present the basic ideas needed to understand how laser lightinteracts with various forms of matter. Among the important consequencesis an understanding of the laser itself. The present chapter summarizes clas-sical electromagnetic fields, which describe laser light remarkably well. Thechapter also discusses the interaction of these fields with a medium con-sisting of classical simple harmonic oscillators. It is surprising how well thissimple model describes linear absorption, a point discussed from a quantummechanical point of view in Sect. 3.3. The rest of the book is concernedwith nonlinear interactions of radiation with matter. Chapter 2 generalizesthe classical oscillator to treat simple kinds of nonlinear mechanisms, andshows us a number of phenomena in a relatively simple context. Starting withChap. 3, we treat the medium quantum mechanically. The combination of aclassical description of light and a quantum mechanical description of matteris called the semiclassical approximation. This approximation is not alwaysjustified （Chaps. 13-19）, but there are remarkably few cases in quantum op-tics where we need to quantize the field.

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