粒子的統(tǒng)計(jì)物理學(xué)

內(nèi)容概要

統(tǒng)計(jì)物理是利用物質(zhì)基本組成成份來(lái)研究物質(zhì)的整體性質(zhì)，它在量子力學(xué)發(fā)展中發(fā)揮了重要的作用。本書(shū)根據(jù)作者20多年來(lái)在麻省理工學(xué)院講授粒子統(tǒng)計(jì)物理的課程講義編寫(xiě)而成，主要講解統(tǒng)計(jì)物理學(xué)的基本概念和處理實(shí)際問(wèn)題的方法。在講述完熱力學(xué)基礎(chǔ)后，作者專(zhuān)門(mén)講解了常用數(shù)學(xué)工具如概率論和中心極限定理。本書(shū)內(nèi)容還包括相互作用粒子，van der Waals方程及其推導(dǎo)，經(jīng)典和量子統(tǒng)計(jì)力學(xué)以及信息論中的相關(guān)問(wèn)題。本書(shū)附有習(xí)題，并在全書(shū)結(jié)尾處給出部分答案。閱讀本書(shū)時(shí)可以參考作者的另外一本專(zhuān)著《場(chǎng)的統(tǒng)計(jì)物理》，主要介紹利用重整化群等非平均場(chǎng)方法研究標(biāo)度律和臨界現(xiàn)象。目次：熱力學(xué)；概率論；氣體動(dòng)力學(xué)理論；經(jīng)典統(tǒng)計(jì)力學(xué)；相互作用的粒子；量子統(tǒng)計(jì)力學(xué)；理想量子氣體；部分習(xí)題解答；索引。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

MEHRAN KARDAR is Professor of Physics at MIT, where he has taught and researched in the field of statistical physics for the past 20 years. He received his B.A. at Cambridge, and gained his Ph.D. at MIT. Professor Kardar has held research and visiting pos

書(shū)籍目錄

Preface 1 Thermodynamics   1.1 Introduction   1.2 The zeroth law   1.3 The first law   1.4 The second law   1.5 Carnot engines   1.6 Entropy   1.7 Approach to equilibrium and thermodynamic potentials   1.8 Useful mathematical results   1.9 Stability conditions   1.10 The third law   Problems 2 Probability   2.1 General definitions   2.2 One random variable   2.3 Some important probability distributions   2.4 Many random variables   2.5 Sums of random variables and the central limit theorem   2.6 Rules for large numbers   2.7 Information, entropy, and estimation   Problems 3 Kinetic theory of gases   3.1 General definitions   3.2 Liouville's theorem   3.3 The Bogoliubov-Born--Green-Kirkwood-Yvon hierarchy   3.4 The Boltzmann equation   3.5 The H-theorem and irreversibility   3.6 Equilibrium properties   3.7 Conservation laws   3.8 Zeroth-order hydrodynamics   3.9 First-order hydrodynamics   Problems 4 Classical statistical mechanics   4.1 General definitions   4.2 The microcanonical ensemble   4.3 Two-level systems   4.4 The ideal gas   4.5 Mixing entropy and the Gibbs paradox   4.6 The canonical ensemble   4.7 Canonical examples   4.8 The Gibbs canonical ensemble   4.9 The grand canonical ensemble   Problems 5 Intenmeting particles   5.1 The cumulant expansion   5.2 The cluster expansion   5.3 The second virial coefficient and van der Waals equation   5.4 Breakdown of the van der Waals equation   5.5 Mean-field theory of condensation   5.6 Variational methods   5.7 Corresponding states   5.8 Critical point behavior   Problems 6 Quantum statistical mechanics   6.1 Dilute polyatomic gases   6.2 Vibrations of a solid   6.3 Black-body radiation   6.4 Quantum microstates   6.5 Quantum macrostates   Problems 7 Ideal quantum gases   7.1 Hilbert space of identical particles   7.2 Canonical formulation   7.3 Grand canonical formulation   7.4 Non-relativistic gas   7.5 The degenerate fermi gas   7.6 The degenerate bose gas   7.7 Superfiuid Hen   Problems Solutions to selected problems   Chapter 1   Chapter 2   Chapter 3   Chapter 4   Chapter 5   Chapter 6   Chapter 7   Index

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