粒子物理學(xué)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模型導(dǎo)論

前言

In the eight years since the first edition, the Standard Model has not been seriously discredited as a description of particle physics in the energy region ([2 TeV) so far explored. The principal discovery in particle physics since the first edition is that neutrinos carry mass. In this new edition we have added chapters that extend the formalism of the Standard Model to include neutrino fields with mass, and we consider also the possibility that neutrinos are Majorana particles rather than Dirac particles. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is now under construction at CERN. It is expected that, at the energies that will become available for experiments at the LHC (~20 TeV), the physics of the Higgs field will be elucidated, and we shall begin to see  physics beyond the Standard Model'. Data from the 'B factories' will continue to accumulate and give greater understanding of CP violation. We are confident that interest in the Standard Model will be maintained for some time into the future. Cambridge University Press have again been most helpful. We thank Miss V. K.Johnson for secretarial assistance. We are grateful to Professor Dr J. G. K6rner for his corrections to the first edition, and to Professor C. Davies for her helpful correspondence.

內(nèi)容概要

本書從介子和夸克的電磁作用和弱相互作用開始，講到了夸克的強(qiáng)相互作用，內(nèi)容層層深入。介紹標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模型的同時，作者非常注重選材的可進(jìn)階性，方便讀者更深入的研讀。

書籍目錄

Preface to the second editionPreface to the first editionNotation1 The particle physicist's view of Nature  1.1 Introduction  1.2 The construction of the Standard Model  1.3 Leptons　1.4 Quarks and systems of quarks　1.5 Spectroscopy of systems of light quarks　1.6 More quarks　1.7 Quark colour　1.8 Electron scattering from nucleons　1.9 Particle accelerators　1.10 Units2 Lorentz transformations　2.1 Rotations, boosts and proper Lorentz transformations　2.2 Scalars, contravariant and covariant four-vectors　2.3 Fields　2.4 The Levi-Civita tensor　2.5 Time reversal and space inversion3 The Lagrangian formulation of mechanics　3.1 Hamilton's principle　3.2 Conservation of energy　3.3 Continuous systems　3.4 A Lorentz covariant field theory　3.5 The Klein-Gordon equation　3.6 The energy-momentum tensor　3.7 Complex scalar fields4 Classical electromagnetism　4.1 Maxwell's equations　4.2 A Lagrangian density for electromagnetism　4.3 Gauge transformations　4.4 Solutions of Maxwell's equations　4.5 Space inversion　4.6 Charge conjugation　4.7 Intrinsic angular momentum of the photon　4.8 The energy density of the electromagnetic field　4.9 Massive vector fields5 The Dirac equation and the Dirac field　5.1 The Dirac equation　5.2 Lorentz transformations and Lorentz invariance　5.3 The parity transformation　5.4 Spinors　5.5 The matrices　5.6 Making the Lagrangian density real6 Free space solutions of the Dirac equation　6.1 A Dirac particle at rest　6.2 The intrinsic spin of a Dirac particle　6.3 Plane waves and helicity　6.4 Negative energy solutions　6.5 The energy and momentum of the Dirac field　6.6 Dirac and Majorana fields　6.7 The E ] ] m limit, neutrinos7 Electrodynamics　7.1 Probability density and probability current　7.2 The Dirac equation with an electromagnetic field　7.3 Gauge transformations and symmetry　7.4 Charge conjugation　7.5 The electrodynamics of a charged scalar field　7.6 Particles at low energies and the Dirac magnetic moment8 Quantising fields: QED　8.1 Boson and fermion field quantisation　8.2 Time dependence　8.3 Perturbation theory　8.4 Renornmalisation and renormalisable field theories　8.5 The magnetic moment of the electron　8.6 Quantisation in the Standard Model9 The weak interaction: !ow energy phenomenology　9.1 Nuclear beta decay　9.2 Pion decay　9.3 Conservation of lepton number　9.4 Muon decay　9.5 The interactions of muon neutrinos with electrons10 Symmetry breaking in model theories　10.1 Global symmetry breaking and Goldstone bosons　10.2 Local symmetry breaking and the Higgs boson11 Massive gauge fields　11.1 SU(2) symmetry　11.2 The gauge fields　11.3 Breaking the SU(2) symmetry　11.4 Identification of the fields12 The Weinberg——Salam electroweak theory for leptons　12.1 Lepton doublets and the Weinberg-Salam theory　12.2 Lepton coupling to the W　12.3 Lepton coupling to the Z　12.4 Conservation of lepton number and conservation of charge　12.5 CP symmetry　12.6 Mass terms in : an attempted generalisation13 Experimental tests of the Weinberg——Salam theory　13.1 The search for the gauge bosons　13.2 The W bosons　13.3 The Z boson　13.4 The number of lepton families　13.5 The measurement of partial widths　13.6 Left-right production cross-section asymmetry and lepton decay symmetry of the Z boson14 The electromagnetic and weak interactions of quarks　14.1 Construction of the Lagrangian density　14.2 Quark masses and the Kobayashi-Maskawa mixing matrix　14.3 The parameterisation of the KM matrix　14.4 CP symmetry and the KM matrix　14.5 The weak interaction in the low energy limit15 The hadronic decays of the Z and W bosons　15.1 Hadronic decays of the Z　15.2 Asymmetry in quark production　15.3 Hadronic decays of the W16 The theory of strong interactions: quantum chromodynamics　16.1 A local SU(3) gauge theory　16.2 Colour gauge transformations on baryons and mesons　16.3 Lattice QCD and asymptotic freedom　16.4 The quark-antiquark interaction at short distances　16.5 The conservation of quarks　16.6 Isospin symmetry　16.7 Chiral symmetry17 Quantum chromodynamics: calculations　17.1 Lattice QCD and confinement　17.2 Lattice QCD and hadrons　17.3 Perturbative QCD and deep inelastic scattering　17.4 Perturbative QCD and e+e- collider physics18 The Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix　18.1 Leptonic weak decays of hadrons　18.2 |Vud| and nuclear decay　18.3 More leptonic decays　18.4 CP symmetry violation in neutral kaon decays　18.5 B meson decays and B,B mixing　18.6 The CPTtheorem

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：5、The Dirac equation and the Dirac fieldThe Standard Model is a quantum field theory．In Chapter 4 we discussed the classical electromagnetic field．The transition to a quantum field will be made in Chapter 8．In this chapter we begin our discussion of the Dirac equation，which was invented bv Dirac as an equation for the relativistic quantum wave function of a single electron．However,we shall regard the Dirac wave function as a field．Which will subsequently be quantised along with the electromagnetic field．The Dirace quationwillberegardedasafieldequation．ThetransitiontoaquantumfieldtheoryiS called second quantisation．The field。like the Dirac wave function．is complex．W_e shall show how the Dirac field transforms under a Lorentz transformation．And find a Lorentz invariant Lagrangian from which it may be derived．On quantisation，the electromagnetic fields A(x)，F(xiàn)v(x)become space-and time．dependent 0perators．The expectation Values of these operators in the environ- ment described by the quantum states are the classical fields．The Dirac fields(x) alSO become space-and time．dependent operators on quantisation．However,there are no corresponding measurable classical fields．This di骶rence reflects the Pauli exclusion principle，which applies to fermions but not to bosons．In this chapter and in the following two chapters，the properties of the Dirac fields as operators are rarely invoked：for the most part the manipulations proceed as if the Dirac fields were ordinary complex functions，and the fields Can be thought of as single-particle Dirac wave functions．5．1 The Dirac equationDirac invented his equation in seeking to make Schr6dinger'S equation for an elec-tron compatible with special relativity．

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