法律英語綜合教程

前言

　　隨著我國人世和改革開放程度不斷加深，越來越多的外資進(jìn)入中國市場，越來越多的中國企業(yè)走出國門尋找商機(jī)。無論是迎進(jìn)來，還是走出去，這些企業(yè)所面臨的一個(gè)共同問題就是法律問題，而這些法律問題中的大多數(shù)又都屬于涉外法律的工作范疇。由于法律文化、法律條款的差異，中外雙方在合作過程中不可避免的會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多矛盾分歧，減少、化解這些矛盾分歧需要溝通談判，甚至需要通過法律手段來解決問題。所有這些工作都需要法律工作者通過專業(yè)外語完成。因此，在國際化趨勢日見凸顯的今天，掌握專業(yè)外語已經(jīng)成為法律人必備的職業(yè)素質(zhì)?！　”娝苤?，美國法是英美法系的典型代表，其法律體系完整、內(nèi)容豐富，既有傳統(tǒng)的普通法，又有新興的成文法；既有統(tǒng)一的聯(lián)邦法，又有各州的法律。同時(shí)，美國法在世界范圍內(nèi)影響深遠(yuǎn)，學(xué)習(xí)研究美國法意義重大，這不僅表現(xiàn)為許多國家都在研究美國的法律規(guī)則，借鑒其成熟做法，還表現(xiàn)為許多國際公約也參照美國法的理念、原則、規(guī)則制定?！　∫虼?，本書作為學(xué)習(xí)法律英語的精讀教材，主要介紹美國法，希望讀者通過學(xué)習(xí)權(quán)威、實(shí)用的美國法律知識(shí)，掌握地道、純正的法律英語。一般的語言教材都會(huì)系統(tǒng)的講授語法知識(shí)，但本書的編寫設(shè)想學(xué)生已經(jīng)完成了從中學(xué)英語到大學(xué)一、二年級(jí)的基礎(chǔ)英語學(xué)習(xí)，系統(tǒng)掌握了英語語法等基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)并有不低于六千英語詞匯量。本書具有以下特點(diǎn)：　　首先，編者參考了大量的美國原版法學(xué)書籍，包括美國法學(xué)院教材及大量判例，力求實(shí)現(xiàn)教材內(nèi)容的權(quán)威性和豐富性?！　∑浯危緯昧嗽S多極具代表性的英文案例。英美法系是判例法系，無論是法官還是律師都特別注重對判例的研究，因此學(xué)習(xí)美國法不能繞過案例，通過研究案例更有利于掌握標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的法律英語，也更容易掌握美國法的精髓。本書選取了十幾個(gè)經(jīng)典案例，以期最大程度的展現(xiàn)美國法原貌?！　≡俅?，本書在每部分后面都附有相關(guān)的練習(xí)題，以期幫助讀者檢查自己學(xué)習(xí)掌握法律英語術(shù)語、基礎(chǔ)美國法知識(shí)和邏輯推理知識(shí)的程度，查漏補(bǔ)缺。　　本書共分十三部分。第一、二部分首先介紹了基本法律英語詞匯的特點(diǎn)、美國的法律體系，這是學(xué)好法律英語的基礎(chǔ)。

內(nèi)容概要

　　隨著我國入世和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程的不斷加快，國際交流合作日益增多，涉外法務(wù)活動(dòng)空前頻繁，法律英語的重要性日益凸顯。掌握專業(yè)英語已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代法律人必備的職業(yè)素質(zhì)。由于法律英語的特殊性，國內(nèi)一直沒有一個(gè)科學(xué)的考核指標(biāo)衡量法律從業(yè)人員專業(yè)英語的掌握程度。法律英語證書（LEC）全國統(tǒng)一考試的推出為我國法律英語的教與學(xué)指明了方向，意義重大，影響深遠(yuǎn)。

書籍目錄

Part One　Basics of Legal EnglishChapter 1　IntroductionChapter 2　Historical Development of Legal EnglishChapter 3　Characteristics of Legal EnglishChapter 4　Terms and Rules in Legal EnglishChapter 5　General Legal TermsChapter 6　Legal CitationsPart Two　American Legal RegimeChapter 1　Overview of the U. S. Court SystemChapter 2　Jury TrialChapter 3　The Adversary SystemChapter 4　Appellate CourtsChapter 5　Appellate JudgesChapter 6　Court Opinions and Case DigestsPart Three　Constitutional LawChapter 1　IntroductionChapter 2　The Judicial PowerChapter 3　Legislative PowerChapter 4　Individual Guarantees Against Governmental or PrivateActionChapter 5　Retroactive LegislationChapter 6　Procedural Due ProcessChapter 7　Substantive Due ProcessChapter 8　Equal ProtectionChapter 9　Fundamental RightsPart Four　ContractsChapter 1　IntroductionChapter 2　Basics of ContractsChapter 3　Contract FormationChapter 4　Capacity of a ContractChapter 5　Vitiating FactorsChapter 6　Problems Involving Persons Other than the Parties to the Original ContractChapter 7　DischargeChapter 8　Breach of ContractChapter 9　Remedies for Breach of ContractChapter 10 Dispute SettlementPart Five　TortsChapter 1　IntroductionChapter 2　Intentional TortsChapter 3　Defenses to Intentional TortsChapter 4　NegligenceChapter 5　Cause in FactChapter 6　Proximate CauseChapter 7　Multiple TortfeasorsChapter 8　Damages for Personal InjuriesChapter 9　Limited Duties : Special Limitations on the Scope of DutyChapter 10　Premises Liability: Duties of Owners and Occupiers of LandChapter 11　DefensesChapter 12　Vicarious LiabilityChapter 13　Products LiabilityChapter 14　DefamationChapter 15　The Privacy TortsChapter 16　Competitive TortsPart Six　Property LawChapter 1　IntroductionChapter 2　Acquisition of PropertyChapter 3　Possessory EstatesChapter 4　Future InterestsChapter 5　Concurrent EstatesChapter 6　Landlord and TenantChapter 7　FixturesChapter 8　Rights in the Land of Another Easements, Profits, Covenants, and ServitudesChapter 9　ConveyancingChapter 10　Cooperatives, Condominiums, and ZoningChapter 11　NuisancePart Seven　Evidence LawChapter 1　IntroductionChapter 2　General ConsiderationsChapter 3　Relevance and Judicial NoticeChapter 4　Real EvidenceChapter 5　Documentary EvidenceChapter 6　Testimonial EvidenceChapter 7　The Hearsay RuleChapter 8　Procedural ConsiderationsPart Eight　Civil ProcedureChapter 1　IntroductionChapter 2　Personal JurisdictionChapter 3　Diversity of Citizenship JurisdictionChapter 4　Federal Question JurisdictionChapter 5　VenueChapter 6　Removal JurisdictionChapter 7　Conflict of Jurisdiction between States and Federal CourtsChapter 8　The Federal Rules of Civil ProcedurePart Nine　Criminal LawChapter 1　IntroductionChapter 2　What Makes a Case a Criminal Case?Chapter 3　How to Interpret Criminal StatutesChapter 4　How Defendants Mental States Affect Their Responsibility for a CrimeChapter 5　Criminal OffensesChapter 6　Implications of a Crimes ClassificationPart Ten　Criminal ProcedureChapter 1　Constitutional RestrainsChapter 2　Exclusionary RuleChapter 3　Fourth AmendmentChapter 4　ConfessionsChapter 5　Pretrial ProceduresChapter 6　TrialChapter 7　Guilty Pleas and Plea BargainingChapter 8　Constitutional Rights in Relation to Sentence and PunishmentChapter 9　Constitutional Problems on AppealChapter 10　Rights during Punishment-Probation, Imprisonment, ParoleChapter 11　Double JeopardyChapter 12　Forfeiture ActionsPart Eleven Intellectual Property LawChapter 1　IntroductionChapter 2　Trade SecretsChapter 3　PatentChapter 4 CopyrightChapter 5　Trademark LawPart Twelve Business LawChapter 1　Introduction to Business FormsChapter 2　PartnershipChapter 3　Limited Liability CompanyChapter 4　CorporationChapter 5　SecuritiesChapter 6　Commercial PaperPart Thirteen　Logical ReasoningChapter 1　IntroductionChapter 2　AssumptionsChapter 3　Method of ArgumentChapter 4　Faulty LogicChapter 5　Strengthening or WeakeningChapter 6　Parallel ReasoningChapter 7　InferenceChapter 8　Other Question TypesAppendix: Key to the ExercisesReferences

章節(jié)摘錄

　　The field of torts embraces a group of civil wrongsother than breach of contractthat inter-fore with person，property，reputation，or may sometimes be both a crime punishable by the statein a criminal prosecution and also a tort actionable by the victim in a suit for damages.Thecriminal prosecution and the damage action are quite separate and unrelated proceedings.Theessential purpose of the law of torts is compensatory and，though punitive damages may occa.sionally be awardedits essentially punitive and an injured party is not awarded compensation inthe criminal proceeding.　　Tort law is chiefly state rather than federal law and so varies somewhat throughout thecountry.　　It may also be helpful to know something of the intellectual history of tort law in the UnitedStates.The following excerpt is only a small introduction to the fascinating subject：　　The emergence of Torts as an independent branch of tort law cflllle strikingly late in Ameri.can legal history.Although William Blackstone and his eighteenth-century contemporaries，intheir efforts to classify the law，identified a residual category of noncriminal wrongs not arisingout of contract，Torts was not considered a discrete branch of law until the late nineteenth cen.tury.The first American treatise on Torts appeared in 1 859；Torts was first taught as a separatelaw school subject in 1870；the first了orts casebook was published in 1874?！ standard explanation for the emergence of an independent identity for Torts late in the nineteenth century is the affinity of tort doctrines，especially negligence，to the problems produced by industrialization.The process by which Torts emerged as a discrete branch of law was more complex，however，and less dictated by the demands of industrial enterprise than the standard account suggests.Changes associated with industrial enterprise did provide many more cases involving strangers，a phenomenon that played a part in the emergence of Torts as all in.dependent branch of law.But even this new increase in cases in which the litigants had no priorrelationship would not have been sufficient had it not come at a time when legal scholars were prepared to question and discard old bases of legal classification.The emergence of Torts as adistinct branch of law owed as much to changes in jurisprudential thought as to the spread of the industrialization.　　”Civil Uabmty”vs.”Criminal Guilt”　　Someone can be”liable”for a tort.That person has tort liability，and may be liable to paydamages to the injured party.In criminal law’however，someone may be”guilty”of a crime.　　There are some other differences between tort law and criminal law.Tort actions arebrought by private parties，while criminal actions can only be brought by the state or federalgovernment.Damages in a tort action are awarded to the plaintiff，while a fine assessed against acriminal defendant is paid to the state or federal government.

編輯推薦

　　《法律英語綜合教程》引用了許多極具代表性的英文案例。英美法系是判例法系，無論是法官還是律師都特別注重對判例的研究，因此學(xué)習(xí)美國法不能繞過案例，通過研究案例更有利于掌握標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的法律英語，也更容易掌握美國法的精髓?！斗捎⒄Z綜合教程》選取了十幾個(gè)經(jīng)典案例，以期最大程度的展現(xiàn)美國法原貌。　　隨著我國入世和世界經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化進(jìn)程的不斷加快，國際交流合作日益增多，涉外法務(wù)活動(dòng)空前頻繁，法律英語的重要性日益凸顯。掌握專業(yè)英語已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代法律人必備的職業(yè)素質(zhì)。由于法律英語的特殊性，國內(nèi)一直沒有一個(gè)科學(xué)的考核指標(biāo)衡量法律從業(yè)人員專業(yè)英語的掌握程度。法律英語證書（LEC）全國統(tǒng)一考試的推出為我國法律英語的教與學(xué)指明了方向，意義重大，影響深遠(yuǎn)。

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