中國(guó)歷史

前言

Through its reform and opening to the outside world, China has workedan economic miracle and boosted its comprehensive strength, enhancing itsstanding in the international community.As more and more people aroundthe world are eager to know and understand China, we have compiled theChina Series, aiming to provide a shortcut for readers to get the basic factsabout this country.The I2 titles in this series cover China's geography; history, politics, econo-my, culture, law, diplomacy, national defense, and society; as well as its science,technology and education; its environment; and its ethnic groups and religions, These writings will help readers acquire a basic knowledge of China.It is our hope that this series will enable readers to get a general idea aboutChina:Chinese history, culture and civilization, which is the oldest continuous ma-jor civilization in the world;China's basic conditions——the world's largest developing country with ahuge population, a country that is developing unevenly on a poor economicbase; in light of these conditions, China is following its own path to sustainable development while learning from other civilizations; andChina's future——led by the Chinese Communist Party, the Chinese peopleare focusing their efforts on economic development and carrying on reform andopening-up; they are building a harmonious society in their own country andworking for a harmonious world with lasting peace and common prosperity.

內(nèi)容概要

China is one of the earliest ancient civilizations in the world. Chinese civilization is the only ancient civilization in humanhistory without any interruption. This book outlines the developmenttrajectory of Chinese history, represents the demeanor andcharacteristics of Chinese civilization and interprets the secrecy ofthe continuity and rejuvenation of the densely populated ancientcivilization after several thousand years of vicissitudes.

書(shū)籍目錄

PrefaceThe Origin of Chinese CultureThe Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasties:Early States and Bronze CivilizationThe Spring & Autumn and Warring States Periods:Vassals Contend for Hegemony and Social ReformQin and Han Dynasties: Establishment andDevelopment of a Great Unified CountryWei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties:Regime Division and Ethnic ConcentrationSui and Tang Dynasties: a Prosperous and Open AgeSong and Yuan Dynasties: Diverse Cultural Collisions and Great Socio-economic DevelopmentMing and Qing Dynasties (before the Opium War): Prosperity of Farming Civilization and Crisis before Modern TimesFall and Struggle of Modern ChinaExploration Progress of the People's Republic of China for Socialist Modernization

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：The Chinese philosophy underwent great changes in theSong Dynasty. Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi of the NorthernSong Dynasty and Zhu Xi of the Southern Song Dynastyabstracted the concepts of the three cardinal guides andfive ethical norms to "law," and set up Neo-Confucianism,jointly called "Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism." It arguedthe validity of despotism and class orders between theruler and the subjects and father and son from the height ofphilosophy. They insisted on deepening experience to preexisting "law" on the basis of experiencing knowledge bymeans of investigation of things and finally understandingthe law. Lu Jiuyuan, a scholar of the Southern Song Dynasty,proclaimed that "the universe is my mind and vice versa"and one should conduct self-examination. His philosophy iscalled the School of Mind.Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism emphasized the immutability of the three cardinal guides and five ethical normsto maintain the rule of despotism and compress the natural appeal of the people and generated adverse influence.

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