計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語

內(nèi)容概要

本書參考大量國內(nèi)外計(jì)算機(jī)英文資料和計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語書籍，結(jié)合作者多年講授計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語課程的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，按讀者實(shí)際需求，用英語編寫的計(jì)算機(jī)導(dǎo)論。    全書分5單元，內(nèi)容包括：計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)、計(jì)算機(jī)硬件系統(tǒng)(介紹計(jì)算機(jī)體系機(jī)構(gòu)、CPU、主板以及各種外圍輸入輸出設(shè)備)、計(jì)算機(jī)軟件系統(tǒng)(介紹計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)軟件、應(yīng)用軟件、計(jì)算機(jī)語言、數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)、操作系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)庫、多媒體、軟件工程、編譯原理，并行計(jì)算、人工智能等)、計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)(介紹計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全、虛擬化技術(shù)、電子商務(wù)、局域網(wǎng)等)、嵌入式系統(tǒng)(介紹嵌入式系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展歷史、相關(guān)概念、嵌入式軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)、特點(diǎn)、應(yīng)用)，每個(gè)單元由若干課文組成，每篇課文后均附一篇時(shí)文閱讀材料，講述各種新技術(shù)，以拓展該領(lǐng)域知識(shí)面與深度。每篇課文和英語時(shí)文閱讀材料均有參考譯文。另外，每篇課文后均附詞匯與練習(xí)題。書后包括兩個(gè)附錄，附錄A是常用IT詞匯，附錄B是習(xí)題參考答案。    本書既適合于高等學(xué)校計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)專業(yè)、軟件工程專業(yè)、信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)、電子商務(wù)專業(yè)以及其他相關(guān)專業(yè)的本科生、研究生作為計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語課程的教材，也可供廣大計(jì)算機(jī)愛好者參考使用。

書籍目錄

前言Unit 1  Computer Basic Knowledge  Text 1  The History of Computer's Development  Exercises  Reading Materials: A Glimpse of Computer Application  Text 2  Kinds of Computers  Exercises  Reading Materials: Top 10 Strategic Technologies in ComputingUnit 2  Hardware System of Computer  Text 1  Computer Hardware Architecture  Exercises  Reading Materials: Organization of Computer System Components  Text 2  CPU Architectures  Exercises  Reading Materials: Virtual Tape  Text 3  Motherboard  Exercises  Reading Materials: Computer Technology: Speed is not the Whole Story  Text 4  Storage  Exercises  Reading Materials: Future Memories  Text 5  Input & Output Devices  Exercises  Reading Materials: I/O Architectures  Text 6  Expansion Cards  Exercises  Reading Materials: Bus for the FutureUnit 3  Software System of Computer  Text 1  System Software  Exercises  Reading Materials: Parallel Computing  Text 2  Application Software  Exercises  Reading Materials: Microsoft Office 2007  Text 3  Computer Languages  Exercises  Reading Materials: PHP  Text 4  Data Structures  Exercises  Reading Materials: Algorithm  Text 5  Operating Systems  Exercises  Reading Materials: Linux  Text 6  Structure of the Relational database  Exercises  Reading Materials: Introduction to DBMS  Text 7  Multimedia  Exercises  Reading Materials: Computer Vision  Text 8  Software Engineering  Exercises  Reading Materials: Aspect-Oriented Programming  Text 9  Introduction to Windows  Exercises  Reading Materials: Compiling  Text 10  Artificial Intelligence  Exercises  Reading Materials: Oracle Support Notes -- "Complete Guides" Usually Aren'tUnit 4  Network Technique  Text 1  Evolution of Computer Networks  Exercises  Reading Materials: Preboot Execution Environment  Text 2  Network Security  Exercises  Reading Materials: Deep Web  Text 3  Virtualization Technology  Exercises  Reading Materials: Grid Storage  Text 4  Electronic Commerce  Exercises  Reading Materials: Home automation technologies  Text 5  LAN-Cruising  Exercises  Reading Materials: UltrawidebandUnit 5  Embedded Systems  Text 1  Introduction of Embedded Systems  Exercises  Reading Materials: History  Text 2  Embedded software architectures  Exercises  Reading Materials: Characteristics  參考譯文第l單元  計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)  課文1  計(jì)算機(jī)的發(fā)展歷史  閱讀材料：計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用舉例  課文2  計(jì)算機(jī)的類型  閱讀材料：計(jì)算機(jī)領(lǐng)域的10大戰(zhàn)略技術(shù)第2單元  計(jì)算機(jī)硬件系統(tǒng)  課文1  計(jì)算機(jī)硬件體系結(jié)構(gòu)  閱讀材料：計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)的組織結(jié)構(gòu)  課文2  CPU體系結(jié)構(gòu)  閱讀材料：虛擬磁帶  課文3  主板(母板)  閱讀材料：計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)：速度不是一切  課文4  存儲(chǔ)器  閱讀材料：未來的存儲(chǔ)器  課文5  輸入/輸出設(shè)備  閱讀材料：輸入/輸出系統(tǒng)  課文6  擴(kuò)展插槽  閱讀材料：未來的總線第3單元  計(jì)算機(jī)軟件系統(tǒng)  課文1  系統(tǒng)軟件  閱讀材料：并行計(jì)算  課文2  應(yīng)用軟件  閱讀材料：Microsoft Office 2007  課文3  計(jì)算機(jī)語言  閱讀材料：PHP  課文4  數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)  閱讀材料：算法  課文5  操作系統(tǒng)  閱讀材料：Linux  課文6  關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫的結(jié)構(gòu)  閱讀材料：DBMS簡介  課文7  多媒體  閱讀材料：計(jì)算機(jī)視覺  課文8  軟件工程  閱讀材料：面向方面程序設(shè)計(jì)  課文9  Windows簡介  閱讀材料：編譯程序  課文10  人工智能  閱讀材料：Oracle“完全指南”究竟可信么？第4單元  網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)  課文1  計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的演變  閱讀材料：預(yù)引導(dǎo)執(zhí)行環(huán)境  課文2  網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全  閱讀材料：深度Web  課文3  虛擬化技術(shù)詳解  閱讀材料：網(wǎng)格存儲(chǔ)  課文4  電子商務(wù)  閱讀材料：家庭自動(dòng)化技術(shù)  課文5  局域網(wǎng)巡航  閱讀材料：超寬帶無線技術(shù)第5單元  嵌入式系統(tǒng)  課文1  嵌入式系統(tǒng)簡介  閱讀材料：歷史  課文2  嵌入式軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)  閱讀材料：特性附錄A  習(xí)題參考答案附錄B  詞匯表參考文獻(xiàn)及網(wǎng)站

章節(jié)摘錄

　　One special form of information the computer process is its instructions. These are the commands that programmers give the computer to tell it what to do. Every time you do anything with a computer， you are really talking to a program that is talking to the computer. The language that computers speak， which is called machine language， is very complex and hard to understand.　　Computers can be general classified by size and power as follows：　　（1） Microcomputer　　Microcomputer is generally a synonym for the more common term， personal computer， or PC，which is a small single-user computer based on a microcomputer. In addition to the microprocessor，a personal computer has a keyboard for entering data， a monitor for displaying information， and as torage device for saving data.　　Microcomputers， also known as personal computers， are small computers that can fit on adesktop.Portable microcomputers can fit in a briefcase or even in the palm of your hand.Micro computers are used in homes， schools， and industry. Today nearly every field uses micro computers.　　One type of microcomputer that is rapidly growing in popularity is the portable computer， whichcan be easily carried around. There are four categories of portable computers. Laptops： laptops， which weigh between 10 and 16 pounds， may be AC-powered， battery-powered， or both. The AC-powered laptop weighs 12 to 16 pounds. The battery-powered laptop weighs 10 to 15 pounds，batteries included， and can be carried on a shoulder strap.　　Notebook PCs： notebook personal computers weigh between 5 and 10 pounds and can fit into most briefcases. It is especially valuable in locations where electrical connections are not available. Notebook computers are the most popular portable computers today.　　Subnotebooks：Subnotebooks are for frequent flyers and life-on-the-road types.Subnotebooks users give up a full-size display screen and keyboard in exchange for less weight. Weighting between 2 and 6 pounds， these computer fit easily into a briefcase.　　Personal Digital Assistants： much smaller than even the subnotebooks. Personal Digital Assistants （PDAS） weigh from 1 to 4 pounds. The typical PDA combines pen input， writing recognition， personal organizational tools， and communication capabilities in a very small package.　　（2） Workstation　　Workstation is a powerful single-user computer. It is like a personal computer， but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor.　　（3） Minicomputer　　Minicomputer （a term no longer much used） is a multi-user computer of a size between a microcomputer and a mainframe. Minicomputers， also knows as midrange computers， are desk-sized machines. They fall into between microcomputers and mainframes in their processing speeds and data-storing capacities. Medium-size companies or departments of large companies typically use them for specific purposes. For example， they might use them to do research or to monitor a particular manufacturing process. Smaller-size companies typically use microcomputers for their general data processing needs， such as accounting.　　……

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