實(shí)用計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)

前言

　　計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)作為一項(xiàng)時(shí)代性科技，其飛速的革新變化需要有強(qiáng)烈的創(chuàng)新力量來(lái)支持。隨著越來(lái)越多的計(jì)算機(jī)新技術(shù)的運(yùn)用，計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)人員需要有良好的專業(yè)英語(yǔ)水平來(lái)及時(shí)了解并掌握技術(shù)發(fā)展的新動(dòng)向。　　本書針對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用及相關(guān)專業(yè)高職高專院校學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)水平、能力和計(jì)算機(jī)實(shí)踐需要，通過(guò)創(chuàng)新的教材編寫形式使學(xué)生掌握計(jì)算機(jī)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和最新技術(shù)，提高計(jì)算機(jī)綜合運(yùn)用水平?！　”緯帉懙闹饕攸c(diǎn)是所有的文章均為科技類，不僅知識(shí)內(nèi)容豐富，并且針對(duì)高職高專教學(xué)特點(diǎn)，做到了深入淺出，通俗易懂。每一章節(jié)除了正文外，還增加了對(duì)話練習(xí)、熱身訓(xùn)練、附加閱讀、練習(xí)題四個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容。通過(guò)互動(dòng)形式，進(jìn)一步開(kāi)拓學(xué)生的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫能力，豐富了教學(xué)手段。尤其是附加閱讀內(nèi)容時(shí)效性、專業(yè)性強(qiáng)，既可以作為教師的課堂講述內(nèi)容，也適合學(xué)生作為補(bǔ)充材料閱讀。此外，書中還配以大量的教學(xué)圖例，使學(xué)生能夠直觀、簡(jiǎn)明地了解學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，增強(qiáng)實(shí)操能力。書后附有所有文章的參考譯文，以及附錄詞匯表，包括專業(yè)詞匯、詞組以及專業(yè)縮略詞的部分音標(biāo)和解釋，方便教師和學(xué)生查閱使用（由于篇幅有限，參考譯文請(qǐng)登錄中國(guó)水利水電出版社網(wǎng)站或萬(wàn)水書苑免費(fèi)下載?！　”緯卜?章，為了方便教師安排教學(xué)計(jì)劃，每章分為4小節(jié)，每一小節(jié)都是完整獨(dú)立的。第1章計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)，作為一個(gè)概要統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全書內(nèi)容，介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)硬件、軟件、基本的算法結(jié)構(gòu)和網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。第2章操作系統(tǒng)，介紹了操作系統(tǒng)的基本原理和功能的相關(guān)知識(shí)以及時(shí)下流行的一些操作系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)、種類等，尤其是對(duì)Linux做了著重說(shuō)明。第3章數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)，介紹了數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)系統(tǒng)的基本原理，結(jié)構(gòu)化查詢語(yǔ)言以及數(shù)據(jù)倉(cāng)庫(kù)的相關(guān)概念。第4章多媒體，介紹了多媒體并行處理技術(shù)，Photoshop以及計(jì)算機(jī)動(dòng)畫制作相關(guān)的歷史和技術(shù)。第5章計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言，介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)常用的程序設(shè)計(jì)語(yǔ)言及其算法知識(shí)。第6章計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)，介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備、協(xié)議和結(jié)構(gòu)等方面的基礎(chǔ)原理和架構(gòu)。以最新的Web 2.0為例詳解了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)以及相關(guān)協(xié)議的實(shí)踐應(yīng)用。第7章網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全，介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的主要隱患和防范方法，對(duì)現(xiàn)今最受矚目的計(jì)算機(jī)病毒和網(wǎng)絡(luò)防火墻做了詳盡地介紹。第8章互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與電子商務(wù)，介紹分析了互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和電子商務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)原理。第9章軟件工程，介紹了軟件工程基礎(chǔ)和軟件開(kāi)發(fā)實(shí)踐中生命模型原理和實(shí)踐分析。

內(nèi)容概要

本書大部分內(nèi)容都和日常使用的計(jì)算機(jī)密切相關(guān)，實(shí)用性強(qiáng)。書中內(nèi)容有的是從一些計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備說(shuō)明書中摘錄的，有的是從軟件使用手冊(cè)或幫助中精選的，甚至有些內(nèi)容是從軟件的界面上選取的。通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)本書可以在將來(lái)更好地理解計(jì)算機(jī)相關(guān)設(shè)備的使用和軟件的操作等。此外，本書還增加了對(duì)話內(nèi)容，讓讀者在學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)英語(yǔ)知識(shí)的同時(shí)，還可以了解在面試求職、產(chǎn)品討論等方面計(jì)算機(jī)類英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的表達(dá)。每節(jié)設(shè)有“Warm-up”部分，通過(guò)提出問(wèn)題讓讀者在閱讀本書時(shí)有一定的目的性，并給本節(jié)內(nèi)容做一個(gè)鋪墊。    本書主要適合高職高專類計(jì)算機(jī)相關(guān)專業(yè)的學(xué)生使用，同時(shí)也可作為本科類專業(yè)的輔助教材，還可以作為計(jì)算機(jī)類相關(guān)職業(yè)培訓(xùn)的教材。

書籍目錄

前言Chapter 1  Computer Fundamentals  Section 1  Computer Hardware    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1    Reading 2  Section 2  Computer Software and Categories    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1    Reading 2  Section 3  Data Structure and Algorithms    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1  Section 4  Computer Networks    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1    Reading 2Chapter 2  Operating System  Section 1  Introduction to Operating System    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1  Section 2  Functions of Operating System    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1    Reading 2  Section 3  Popular Operating Systems and Structures    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1    Reading 2  Section 4  Linux and Networking Operating System    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1Chapter 3  Database  Section 1  Parts of a Database    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1    Reading 2  Section 2  Relational Database Components    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1    Reading 2  Section 3  Database Architecture    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1    Reading 2  Section 4  Data Warehouses Overview    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1    Reading 2Chapter 4  Multi Media  Section 1  About Masks and Alpha Channels..    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercise    Reading 1    Reading 2  Section 2  Main File Formats in Photoshop    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercise    Reading 1    Reading 2  Section 3  Computer Animation    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercise    Reading 1    Reading 2  Section 4  Creating Your Own Web Page    Graphics    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercise    Reading 1    Reading 2Chapter 5  Programming Language  Section 1  Introduction to Programming    Language    Dialogue    Wan a-up    Text    Exer rises    Reacing 1    Reacing 2  Section 2  Procedural Programming    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1    Reading 2    Reading 3  Section 3  Java Programming Language    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1    Reading 2    Reading 3  Section 4  .NET Framework    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1Chapter 6  Computer Network  Section 1  Network Devices    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1    Reading 2  Section 2  Network Protocol    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1  Section 3  Network Architecture    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1    Reading 2  Section 4  Web 2.0    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1    Reading 2Chapter 7  Network Scurity  Section 1  Security Attack    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1  Section 2  Model for Network Security    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1  Section 3  Malicious Programs    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1  Section 4  Security Services    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1Chapter 8  Internet and E-commerce  Section 1  Internet    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercise    Reading 1  Section 2  E-commerce    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercise    Reading 1  Section 3  E-commerce Careers    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercise    Reading 1  Section 4  E-commerce--How It Works    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercise    Reading 1Chapter 9  Software Engineering  Section 1  Why Software Engineering?    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1  Section 2  Modeling the Process Life Cycle    Dialogue    Warm-up    Text    Exercises    Reading 1    Reading 2GlossaryComputer TermsAbbreviationsBibliography

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Multi-Core Processing　　In 1965， when he first set out what we now call Moores Law， Gordon Moore （who laterco-founded Intel Corp.） said the number of components that could be packed onto an integratedcircuit would double every year or so （later amended to 18 months）.　 In 1971， Intels 4004 CPU had 2，300 transistors. In 1982， the 80286 debuted with 134，000transistors. Now， run-of-the-mill CPUs count upward of 200 million transistors， and Intel isscheduled to release a processor with 1.7 billion transistors for later this year.　　For years， such progress in CPUs was clearly predictable： successive generations of semiconductortechnology gave us bigger， more powerful processors on ever-thinner silicon substrates operating atincreasing clock speeds. These smaller， faster transistors use less electricity， too.　　But theres a catch. It turns out that as operating voltages get lower， a significant amount ofelectricity simply leaks away and ends up generating excessive heat， requiring much more attentionto processor cooling and limiting the potential speed advance——think of this as a thermal barrier.　 To break through that barrier， processor makers are adopting a new strategy， packing two or morecomplete， independent processor cores， or CPUs， onto a single chip. This multi-core processor plugsdirectly into a single socket on the motherboard， and the operating system sees each of the executioncores as a discrete logical processor that is independently controllable. Having two separate CPUsallows each one to run somewhat slower， and thus cooler， and still improve overall throughput forthe machine in most cases.　 From one perspective， this is merely an extension of the design thinking that has for several yearsgiven us n-way servers using two or more standard CPUs; were simply making the packagingsmaller and the integration more complete. In practice， however， this multi-core strategy represents amajor shift in processor architecture that will quickly pervade the computing industry. Having twoCPUs on the same chip rather than plugged into two separate sockets greatly speeds communicationbetween them and cuts waiting time.　 The first multi-core CPU from Intel is already on the market. By the end of 2006， Intel expectsmulti-core processors to make up 40% of new desktops， 70% of mobile CPUs and a whopping 85%of all server processors that it ships. Intel has said that all of its future CPU designs will bemulti-core. Intels major competitors——including Advanced Micro Devices Inc.， Sun MicrosystemsInc. and IBM——each appear to be betting the farm on multi-core processors.

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