人類的故事.發(fā)明的故事

前言

亨德里克·威廉·房龍（HendrikWillemvanLoon，1882-1944），著名荷蘭裔美國(guó)作家、歷史學(xué)家、科普作家和文學(xué)家。房龍于1882年1月出生于荷蘭鹿特丹。幼年時(shí)期的房龍由于家庭內(nèi)部暴力而感受不到溫暖，8歲就進(jìn)入寄宿學(xué)校，10歲起沉溺于史學(xué)。20歲以后，房龍到美國(guó)’康奈爾大學(xué)、德國(guó)慕尼黑大學(xué)求學(xué)，獲得博士學(xué)位，但他并沒有成為書齋里的學(xué)究。他當(dāng)過(guò)編輯、記者和老師，屢經(jīng)漂泊，同時(shí)苦練寫作。房龍還是個(gè)多才多藝的人，從小就對(duì)歷史、地理、船舶、繪畫和音樂感興趣，而且終生未曾放棄。他能用10種文字寫作并與人交流，還拉得一手小提琴，善繪畫，他著作中幾乎所有的插圖都是自己繪制。1921年，房龍出版《人類的故事》，使他一舉成名，從此迎來(lái)了創(chuàng)作的豐收期。之后，《發(fā)明的故事》、《圣經(jīng)的故事》、《美國(guó)的故事》、《房龍地理》（又名《人類的家園》）、《人類的藝術(shù)》、《寬容》（又名《人類的解放》）、《與世界偉人談心》、《倫勃朗傳》、《荷蘭共和國(guó)興衰史》、《太平洋的故事》等幾十部著作陸續(xù)出版，幾乎本本暢銷，飲譽(yù)世界，許多國(guó)家都翻譯出版了他的作品?？梢哉f(shuō)，房龍一生出版的30余種著作，將人類各方面的歷史幾乎全都復(fù)述了一遍。房龍?jiān)趯W(xué)問(wèn)和文學(xué)上堅(jiān)持文人主義的立場(chǎng)，并逐漸形成了一套自己的理解和表達(dá)方式。他認(rèn)為：“凡學(xué)問(wèn)一到穿上專家的拖鞋，躲進(jìn)了它的‘精舍’，而把它鞋子上的泥土作肥料去的時(shí)候，它就宣布自己預(yù)備死了。與人隔絕的知識(shí)生活是引到毀滅去的?！币虼?，深入淺出地將艱深枯燥的學(xué)問(wèn)化作輕松風(fēng)趣的精神食糧，成了房龍作品的顯著特征。

內(nèi)容概要

房龍是美國(guó)著名通俗歷史學(xué)家，善于用輕巧俏皮的文字，撰寫歷史、文化、文明、科學(xué)等方面的通俗歷史著作，向人類的無(wú)知與偏執(zhí)挑戰(zhàn)，將知識(shí)與真理普及為人所共識(shí)的常識(shí)。本書試圖挖掘每個(gè)角落，探索每個(gè)地區(qū)，研究人類理性范圍內(nèi)每一現(xiàn)象的深藏意義。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

亨德里克·威廉·房龍（1882-1944），荷裔美國(guó)著名作家和歷史學(xué)家。他善于用輕巧俏皮的文字撰寫歷史、文化、文明和科學(xué)等方面的通俗著作，一生出版了三十多種著作，單槍匹馬將人類各方面的歷史幾乎全都復(fù)述一遍。其代表作《寬容》、《人類的故事》、《圣經(jīng)的故事》、《房龍地理》、《發(fā)明的故事》、《太平洋的故事》、《人類的藝術(shù)》、《倫勃朗的人生苦旅》等，幾乎本本暢銷，影響了幾代人。     
    房龍的作品基本圍繞人類生存發(fā)展的最本質(zhì)問(wèn)題，向人類的無(wú)知和偏見挑戰(zhàn)，將知識(shí)和真理普及為人所共知的常識(shí)。     郁達(dá)夫曾說(shuō)，房龍的筆有一種魅力，干燥無(wú)味的科學(xué)常識(shí)經(jīng)他那么一寫，無(wú)論大人小孩，讀他書的人都覺得娓娓忘倦了。

書籍目錄

THE STORY OF MANKINDFOREWORD1  THE SETTING OF THE STAGE2  OUR EARLIEST ANCESTORS3  PREHISTORIC MAN4  HIEROGLYPHICS5  THE NILE VALLEY6  THE STORY OF EGYPT7  MESOPOTAMIA8  THE SUMERIANS9  MOSES10  THE PHCENICIANS11  THE INDO-EUROPEANS12  THE AEGEAN SEA13  THE GREEKS14  THE GREEK CITIES15  GREEK SELF-GOVERNMENT16  GREEK LIFE17  THE GREEK THEATRE18  THE PERSIAN WARS19  ATHENS vs. SPARTA20  ALEXANDER THE GREAT21  A SUMMARY22  ROME AND CARTHAGE23  THE RISE OF ROME24  THE ROMAN EMPIRE25  JOSHUA OF NAZARETH26  THE FALL OF ROME27  RISE OF THE CHURCH28  MOHAMMED29  CHARLEMAGNE30  THE NORSEMEN31  FEUDALISM 32  CHIVALRY33   POPE vs. EMPEROR34  THE CRUSADES35  THE MEDIAEVAL CITY36  MEDIAEVAL SELF-GOVERNMENT37  THE MEDITEVAL WORLD38  MEDIAEVAL TRADE39  THE RENAISSANCE40  THE AGE OF EXPRESSION41  THE GREAT DISCOVERIES42  BUDDHA AND CONFUCIUS43  THE REFORMATION44  RELIGIOUS WARFARE45  THE ENGLISH REVOLUTION46  THE BALANCE OF POWER47  THE RISE OF RUSSIA48  RUSSIA vs. SWEDEN49  THE RISE OF PRUSSIA50  THE MERCANTILE SYSTEM51  THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION52  THE FRENCH REVOLUTION53  NAPOLEON54  THE HOLY ALLIANCE55  THE GREAT REACTION56  NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE57  THE AGE OF THE ENGINE58  THE SOCIAL REVOLUTION59  EMANCIPATION60  THE AGE OF SCIENCE61  ART62  COLONIAL EXPANSION AND WAR63  A NEW WORLD64  AS IT EVER SHALL BE65  AFTER SEVEN YEARS附：漫畫年表THE STORY OF INVENTION　FOREWORD　1  MAN THE INVENTOR　2  FROM SKIN TO SKY-SCRAPER　3  THE TAMING HAND　4  FROM FOOTTO FLYING-MACHINE　5  THE THPISAMDWOSE VARIED MOUTH　6  THE NOSE　7  THE EAR　　8  THE EYE

章節(jié)摘錄

25  JoSHUA oF NAZARETHTHE STORY 0F JOSHUA OF NAZARETH．  WHOM THE GREEKS CALLED JESUSIn the autumn of the year of the city 815（which would be 62 A．D．．in ourway of counting time）／Esculapius Cultellus，a Roman physician，wrote to hisnephew who was with the army in Syria as follows：My dear Nephew,A feW days ago 1 was Called in to prescribe for a sick man named Paul．Heappeared to be a Roman citizen of Jewish parentage，well educated and ofagreeable manners．I had been told that he was here in connection with a law-suit,an appeal from one of our provincial courts，Caesarea or some such place in theeastern Mediterranean．He had been described to me as a“wild and Violent”fellow who had been making speeches against the People and against the Law．Ifound him very intelligent and of，great honesty．A friend of mine who used to be with the army in Asia Minor tells me that heheard something about him in Ephesus where he was preaching sermons about aStrange new GOd．I asked my patient if this were true and whether he had told thepeople to rebel against the will of our beloved Emperor．Paul answered me that theKingdom of which he had spoken was not of this world and he added many strangeutterances which I did not understand．but which were probably due to his fever．His personality made a great impression upon me and l was sorry to hear thathe was killed on the Ostian Road a feW days ago．Therefore I am writing this letterto you．When next you visit Jerusalem．I want you to find out something aboutmy friend Paul and the strange Jewish prophet，who seems to have been histeacher．Our slaves are getting much excited about this so-called Messiah，and afew of them，who openly talked of the new kingdom（whatever that means）havebeen crucified．

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