伏爾泰諷刺小說老實人

內(nèi)容概要

　　《伏爾泰諷刺小說：老實人》作者伏爾泰(Voltaire，1694-1778)是十八世紀法國資產(chǎn)階級啟蒙運動的旗手，著名的思想家、文學家、哲學家。《伏爾泰諷刺小說：老實人》是伏爾泰的代表作，其主題是批判盲目樂觀主義哲學。小說的主人公老實人開始相信他老師的樂觀主義哲學；在這個世界上，一切事物都是完美的。但是殘酷的社會現(xiàn)實粉碎了他的夢想。他終于認識到社會的殘酷和冷漠，開始相信人生應該通過勞動來獲得幸福。老實人行為愚蠢可笑。作者筆調(diào)冷靜、從容，給人一種強烈的震撼。

作者簡介

　　伏爾泰（Voltaire，1694-1778）是十八世紀法國資產(chǎn)階級啟蒙運動的旗手，著名的思想家、文學家、哲學家。

書籍目錄

第一章　老實人在一座華麗的城堡里被撫養(yǎng)成人后來被驅逐出去第二章　老實人在保加利亞的遭遇第三章　老實人逃離保加利亞及隨后的遭遇第四章　老實人再次遇到龐格羅斯先生及其遭遇第五章　龐格羅斯博士、老實人、再浸禮教徒雅克遭遇暴風雨、海難、地震等災難第六章　葡萄牙人是如何舉辦莊重的火刑典禮以阻止未來地震的發(fā)生，老實人如何被當眾鞭打第七章　老婦人照顧老實人老實人遇上他的所愛第八章　古內(nèi)宮的故事第九章　古內(nèi)宮、老實人、大判官和猶太人之間的事第十章　老實人、古內(nèi)宮和老婦人到達卡迪士后的遭遇，他們又如何上船第十一章　老婦人往事第十二章　老婦人往事(續(xù))第十三章　老實人被迫離開美麗的古內(nèi)宮小姐和老婦人第十四章　老實人和卡坎波在巴拉圭受到耶穌會士接待第十五章　老實人殺死他親愛的古內(nèi)宮小姐的哥哥第十六章　兩位旅行者的遭遭，他們帶著兩個姑娘，兩只猴子和一個叫奧萊倫的野蠻人第十七章　老實人和他的侍從到達厄爾多拉多第十八章　厄爾多拉多見聞第十九章　在蘇里南的遭遇以及老實人如何認識馬丁第二十章　老實人和馬丁海上的遭遇第二十一章　老實人的君士坦丁堡之行第二十二章　老實人再次找到古內(nèi)宮小姐和老婦人第二十三章　結局

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Lisbon had been made on purpose for the Anabaptist to bedrowned there. While he was proving his argument a priori,the ship foundered, and the whole crew perished, exceptPangloss, Candide, and the sailor who had been the meansof drowning the good Anabaptist. The villain swam ashore;but Pangloss and Candide reached the land upon a plank.　　As soon as they had recovered from their surprise andfatigue they walked towards Lisbon; with what little moneythey had left they thought to save themselves from starvingafter having escaped drowning.　　Scarcely had they ceased to lament the loss of theirbenefactor and set foot in the city when they perceived thatthe earth trembled under their feet, and thesea, swellingand foaming in the harbor, began dashing in pieces thevessels that were riding at anchor there. Large sheets offlames and cinders covered the streets and public places;the houses tottered, and were tumbled topsy-turvy even totheir foundations, which were themselves destroyed, andthirty thousand inhabitants of both sexes, young and old,were buried beneath the ruins.　　The sailor, whistling and swearing, cried," Damn it,theres something to be got here."　　"What can be the sufficient reason of this phenomenon？"said Pangloss.　　"It must be the Day of Judgment," said Candide.　　The sailor, defying death in the pursuit of plunder,rushed into the midst of the ruin, where he found somemoney, with which he got drunk, and, after he had slepthimself sober he purchased the favors of the first good-natured wench that came in his way, amidst the ruins ofdemolished houses and the groans of half-buried and.

編輯推薦

　　《伏爾泰諷刺小說：老實人》是伏爾泰的代表作。主人公老實人純樸善良，頭腦簡單，寄居在森特一登·脫龍克男爵府上，信奉導師邦葛羅斯關于“世界盡善盡美”的哲學。老實人因和男爵的小姐居內(nèi)貢自由戀愛，被男爵逐出家門，從此開始流浪生涯。其主題是批判盲目樂觀主義哲學，小說中老實人及其意中人和他的老師最初覺得世界是完美的，一切人和一切事物都盡善盡美，但他們在遭遇一系列無妄之災后，終于認識到這個世界并不完善，唯有勞動可以使人們免除煩惱、過錯和欲望三大痛苦。文中還描寫了一個政治清明、黃金遍地的黃金國。國中人人過著自由平等、快樂而富裕的生活，寄托了伏爾泰的政治理想。

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