語(yǔ)言的突破

內(nèi)容概要

《語(yǔ)言的突破》是卡耐基最早的作品之一，最早的版本是1926年他根據(jù)自己講授演講課程的心得體會(huì)和學(xué)員的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)寫的一本題為《公開演講：企業(yè)人士的實(shí)用課程》的教科書。經(jīng)過多年的修訂，于1931年以《語(yǔ)言的突破》為名正式出版發(fā)行。本書為雙語(yǔ)版經(jīng)典作品，漢語(yǔ)翻譯流暢、準(zhǔn)確，通俗易懂，并在中文之后，附有相對(duì)完整準(zhǔn)確的原版英文。使讀者在閱讀大師經(jīng)典的同時(shí)，可以提升讀者的英語(yǔ)水平。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

戴爾?卡耐基（Dale Carnegie，1888－1955年)，被譽(yù)為是20世紀(jì)最偉大的心靈導(dǎo)師。
美國(guó)現(xiàn)代成人教育之父、人性教父、人際關(guān)系學(xué)鼻祖。世界著名的心理學(xué)家和人際關(guān)系學(xué)家。代表作有：《人性的弱點(diǎn)》、《人性的優(yōu)點(diǎn)》、《美好的人生》、《快樂的人生》、《偉大的人物》、《溝通的藝術(shù)》等。

書籍目錄

第一章　成功演講的基本原則 /001 如何獲得演講的基本技巧 001 培養(yǎng)演講的自信心 013 成功演講的簡(jiǎn)單方法 024
第二章　演講、講演者及聽眾 /033 做好講演前的準(zhǔn)備工作 034 給演講賦予豐富的生命力 047 與聽眾一起感受自己的講演 054
第三章　如何成功發(fā)表即席演講 /064 鼓動(dòng)聽眾采取行動(dòng)的演講 064 說明情況的演講 077 說服聽眾的演講 089 即席演講
100 第四章　演講時(shí)的溝通藝術(shù) /107 演講時(shí)應(yīng)該注意的態(tài)度 107 第五章　成功演講的挑戰(zhàn) /116 介紹演講者、頒獎(jiǎng)和領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)
116 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間演講的安排 126 充分運(yùn)用自己學(xué)習(xí)的演講技巧 142 Introduction /151 PART ONE -
Fundamentals of Effective Speaking /153 Chapter 1 -Acquiring the
Basic Skills154 Chapter 2 -Developing Confidence 168 Chapter 3
-Speaking Effectively the Quick and Easy Way 182 PART TWO - Speech,
Speaker, and Audience /193 Chapter 4 -Earning the Right to Talk 194
Chapter 5 -Vitalizing the Talk 208 Chapter 6 -Sharing the Talk with
the Audience 216 PART Three - The Purpose of Prepared and Impromptu
Talks /228 Chapter 7 -Making the Short Talk to Get Action 229
Chapter 8 -Making the Talk to Inform 245 Chapter 9 -Making the Talk
to Convince 259 Chapter 10 -Making Impromptu Talks 271 Part FOUR -
The Art of Communicating /279 Chapter 11 -Delivering the Talk280
PART FIVE - The Challenge of Effective Speaking /290 Chapter 12
-Introducing Speakers, Presenting and Accepting Awards 291 Chapter
13 -Organizing the Longer Talk 303 Chapter 14 -Applying What You
Have Learned 321 參考文獻(xiàn)332

章節(jié)摘錄

　　第一章　成功演講的基本原則　　如何獲得演講的基本技巧　　1912年，也就是“泰坦尼克”號(hào)郵輪在北大西洋冰海沉沒的那一年，我開始教授當(dāng)眾演講的課程，至今已有超過75萬(wàn)人畢業(yè)了。　　戴爾·卡耐基演講教程的第一堂課是示范表演，先請(qǐng)一些學(xué)員上臺(tái)講一講自己來(lái)上課的原因以及自己期望從這種訓(xùn)練中獲得什么。人各一詞，眾說紛紜，表達(dá)方式迥然相異；但令人詫異的是，大多數(shù)人的原因和基本需求如出一轍：“面對(duì)眾人講話時(shí)，我覺得渾身不自在，很害怕，這使我不能集中精力思考，不能清晰地思考問題，甚至都記不得自己究竟要說些什么。我希望通過學(xué)習(xí)增強(qiáng)自信，能隨心所欲地思考問題，有邏輯地歸納自己的思想，并能泰然自若地在商業(yè)場(chǎng)合或社交場(chǎng)合侃侃而談，思路清晰又富有語(yǔ)言魅力。”　　這番話聽起來(lái)不覺得很耳熟嗎？你是否經(jīng)歷過同樣的心有余而力不足的感覺？你是否希望自己能口若懸河、侃侃而談，令人折服，哪怕花一些錢也愿意。我想你的答案是肯定的。現(xiàn)在，你正翻開此書，這說明你希望獲取成功演講的能力?！　∪绻阏驹谖颐媲?，我想你一定會(huì)問：“卡耐基先生，你真的認(rèn)為我能培養(yǎng)出自信，面對(duì)人群口齒流利地和他們講話嗎？”　　我一生的精力幾乎全部都放在幫助人們消除恐懼、培養(yǎng)勇氣和增強(qiáng)信心上了。在我舉辦的培訓(xùn)班上發(fā)生的種種奇跡，可以寫上好幾本書。因此，問題不在于我是否“真的認(rèn)為”，只要你根據(jù)書中的方法和建議去練習(xí)，一定能夠做到。　　為什么站在聽眾面前無(wú)法像獨(dú)自坐在家里那樣冷靜地思考？為什么站起來(lái)面對(duì)聽眾講話，胃部就會(huì)翻騰，身體就會(huì)顫抖不止。難道這些問題我們都無(wú)法克服嗎？而事實(shí)上，這些問題是可以克服的，訓(xùn)練會(huì)逐漸消除你面對(duì)聽眾時(shí)的恐懼，并帶給你充分的自信?！　∵@本書將幫助你達(dá)到這一目標(biāo)。它不是一本平常的教科書，它既沒有羅列一堆說話技巧，也不教發(fā)聲、發(fā)音，而是全力以赴用具體的方法來(lái)訓(xùn)練成人成功演講。它以你現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)作為起點(diǎn)，逐漸使你成為自己想成為的那種人。你所需要做的就是合作——學(xué)習(xí)書中的種種建議，并將它們應(yīng)用于一切說話場(chǎng)合，并且堅(jiān)持不懈?！　∪绻阆肟焖倭私獗緯墓８?，請(qǐng)注意以下四條要領(lǐng)：　　一、學(xué)習(xí)他人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，激發(fā)自己的勇氣　　無(wú)論是否處于被束縛的狀態(tài)，沒有哪一種動(dòng)物是天生的大眾演講家。人類歷史的某些時(shí)期，當(dāng)眾講演是一門精致的藝術(shù)，必須謹(jǐn)遵修辭法和優(yōu)雅的演講技巧，那時(shí)想成為一名優(yōu)秀的演講家十分艱難。而今，我們卻將當(dāng)眾演講看成一種擴(kuò)大的交談。以往邊說邊唱的演講方式和如雷貫耳的聲音已經(jīng)永遠(yuǎn)消失了。人們無(wú)論是在與他人共進(jìn)晚餐時(shí)，還是在教堂中做禮拜、在家里看電視時(shí)，更愿意聽到一些率真的話，彼此之間根據(jù)世事常理思考，誠(chéng)摯、專心致志地討論問題，而不是對(duì)著我們大放厥詞?！　‘?dāng)眾演講并不是一門封閉的藝術(shù)，也不像許多教科書中所說的那樣，只有經(jīng)過多年去美化聲音和修辭學(xué)訓(xùn)練之后才能取得成功。我的教學(xué)生涯幾乎全部是在向人們證明一點(diǎn)：當(dāng)眾說話其實(shí)并不困難，只要遵循一些簡(jiǎn)單而重要的規(guī)則就可以了。1912年，我在紐約市125街的青年基督協(xié)會(huì)開始從事教學(xué)工作時(shí)，對(duì)此和學(xué)生們一樣無(wú)知懵懂。早期我的教育訓(xùn)練方法，和自己在密蘇里州的華倫堡上大學(xué)時(shí)接受的教育方式大同小異。但很快，我就發(fā)現(xiàn)自己走上了歧路：我竟然將那些商界人士當(dāng)成大學(xué)一年級(jí)的新生來(lái)教育了。我發(fā)現(xiàn)以韋伯斯特、柏克匹特及歐康內(nèi)爾(以上人物皆以演講著稱)為例，一味模仿，毫無(wú)裨益。我所教授的學(xué)生需要的是在商務(wù)會(huì)議中有足夠的勇氣站起來(lái)，向與會(huì)者作一番明晰、連貫的報(bào)告。于是，我將教科書全部拋棄，站在講臺(tái)上，用一些簡(jiǎn)單的概念，和那些難兄難弟們埋頭苦干，直到他們的報(bào)告詞達(dá)意盡、深入人心為止。這種方法果然取得了一定的效果，以至于他們畢業(yè)后希望再回來(lái)，希望學(xué)習(xí)更多的東西?！　∥蚁Ｍ蠹夷苡袡C(jī)會(huì)到我家里看看世界各地的學(xué)員寄來(lái)的感謝函。這些信有的來(lái)自企業(yè)界的領(lǐng)袖們，他們的大名常見于《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》和《華爾街日?qǐng)?bào)》，也有州長(zhǎng)、國(guó)會(huì)議員、大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)和娛樂圈的明星，當(dāng)然更多的則是來(lái)自家庭主婦、牧師、教師，他們都是一些默默無(wú)聞的普通人，還有企業(yè)中已經(jīng)接受訓(xùn)練和尚未接受訓(xùn)練的主管人員、技術(shù)純熟和生疏的工人、工會(huì)會(huì)員、大學(xué)生和職業(yè)女性等。所有這些人都覺得自己需要足夠的自信心，需要有在公開場(chǎng)合中表達(dá)自己思想的能力，以便讓人接納自己。那些實(shí)現(xiàn)自己目標(biāo)的人心懷感激，特意寫信給我以示謝意。　　在我開始醞釀這本書的寫作計(jì)劃時(shí)，有一個(gè)人立刻就閃現(xiàn)在我的腦海里，在我所教過的數(shù)千名學(xué)員中，他對(duì)我的影響頗大。D.W.根特，費(fèi)城一名成功的企業(yè)家，參加訓(xùn)練班不久就邀請(qǐng)我共進(jìn)午餐。餐桌上，他傾身向前對(duì)我說：“卡耐基先生，我曾有許多在公眾場(chǎng)合說話的機(jī)會(huì)，但在潛意識(shí)中總是試圖躲避與人正面交流。但現(xiàn)在我已當(dāng)選為大學(xué)董事會(huì)主席，必須經(jīng)常主持各種會(huì)議。你覺得我在遲暮之年是否還能學(xué)會(huì)當(dāng)眾說話？”　　在我的訓(xùn)練班上有許多像他這樣的人，他們經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的訓(xùn)練取得了很大的成效。為此，我以自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)向他保證，他一定能取得成功?！　∪旰螅覀?cè)谄髽I(yè)家俱樂部共進(jìn)午餐時(shí)再一次相遇。同一餐廳，同一張桌子，我們又談起從前說過的話。當(dāng)我問及我的預(yù)言是否已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)，他微微一笑，從口袋中掏出一本紅色小筆記本，上面記錄著他未來(lái)幾個(gè)月預(yù)定的演講日程表。“有能力作這些講演、講演時(shí)所獲得的快樂以及我能夠?yàn)樯鐣?huì)提供更多的服務(wù)……這些是我一生中最為高興和滿足的事。”他很自豪地說道。　　事情遠(yuǎn)不僅僅如此，根特先生還十分得意地告訴我，他所在的教區(qū)曾邀請(qǐng)英國(guó)首相前來(lái)費(fèi)城發(fā)表演講，負(fù)責(zé)向聽眾介紹這位杰出政治家的人就是根特先生。而就是這個(gè)人，三年前還在這張桌子旁傾身問我，有朝一日他是否能夠當(dāng)眾暢談如流?！　∵€有一個(gè)例子。有一天，已故的顧立區(qū)公司董事長(zhǎng)大衛(wèi)·M.顧立區(qū)，有一天來(lái)到我的辦公室對(duì)我說：“在我的一生中，我每一次面對(duì)眾人講話總是驚恐萬(wàn)分。而身為董事長(zhǎng)，我又不能不主持會(huì)議。董事們已彼此熟悉，大家圍桌而坐談話時(shí)，我能夠?qū)Υ鹑缌鳎翢o(wú)障礙。然而一旦站起身，我就會(huì)有一種莫名其妙的驚恐感，一個(gè)字也說不出來(lái)了。這種情形已持續(xù)多年，已十分嚴(yán)重了，我都擔(dān)心你是否能夠幫得了我。”　　“噢，”我說，“既然你對(duì)我是否能幫助還表示疑惑，為什么還要來(lái)找我呢？”　　“因?yàn)橛幸粋€(gè)原因，”他回答道，“我有一個(gè)專門負(fù)責(zé)處理私人賬目的會(huì)計(jì)師，是一個(gè)十分害羞的家伙。他進(jìn)自己的辦公室時(shí)必須從我的辦公桌前走過。多年來(lái)，他一直都是躡手躡腳、小心翼翼的，眼觀地面不敢抬頭，也難得說一個(gè)字。但是，最近他卻改頭換面，變得神采奕奕了，走進(jìn)辦公室時(shí)抬頭挺胸，并且大大方方地向我道早安。我對(duì)他的這種改變表示驚訝，于是問他是什么促成了這種改變，他告訴了我參加你的訓(xùn)練課程一事。正是因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)家伙身上的改變，讓我來(lái)尋求您的幫助的。”　　我對(duì)顧立區(qū)先生說：“定期來(lái)上課，并且嚴(yán)格按照我的要求做，不出幾個(gè)星期，你就會(huì)喜歡在大眾面前講話了。”　　“如果你真的能改變我，”他回答說，“那我可就要成為全國(guó)最快樂的人之一了。”　　他堅(jiān)持上課并且進(jìn)步神速。三個(gè)月后，我邀請(qǐng)他參加在阿斯特飯店舞廳舉行的一個(gè)三千人的聚會(huì)，希望他談一談自己是如何從口才訓(xùn)練課程中獲益的。他對(duì)自己不能前來(lái)表示歉意，因?yàn)槭孪扔屑s了。但是第二天，他又打電話給我，說自己要來(lái)，他說：“我把約會(huì)取消了。為你講演是我欠你的。我要告訴聽眾這些訓(xùn)練帶給我的助益，借自己的故事來(lái)激勵(lì)人們祛除殘害他們生命的恐懼。”　　我給他兩分鐘演講時(shí)間，結(jié)果面對(duì)著三千人，他足足說了十一分鐘。　　類似的奇跡，我親眼目睹過不下數(shù)千起。許多人的人生由于這項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練而徹底改變，一些人在職場(chǎng)獲得了夢(mèng)寐以求的提升，一些人則在生意上、事業(yè)上、工作中大獲其利。有時(shí)候，一場(chǎng)適時(shí)的演講就足以使事情大功告成?，斃麣W·拉卓的故事就是這樣?！　啄昵?，我十分意外地收到一封來(lái)自古巴的電報(bào)。電報(bào)上說：“除非你拍電報(bào)來(lái)阻止我，否則我立即來(lái)紐約接受講演訓(xùn)練。”落款是瑪利歐·拉卓。我不知道他是誰(shuí)，也從來(lái)沒有聽說過?！　±肯壬鷣?lái)到了紐約，他告訴我說：“哈瓦那鄉(xiāng)村俱樂部要慶祝創(chuàng)建人50歲生日，安排我在晚會(huì)上擔(dān)任主持，并為他頒發(fā)銀制紀(jì)念杯。我雖然是一名律師，但從未公開發(fā)表過演講。一想到要面對(duì)眾多的來(lái)賓，我害怕極了。在這樣隆重的社交場(chǎng)合，如果事情辦砸了，我和太太該多難為情啊，這會(huì)大大影響我在客戶心中的形象。為此，我特意從古巴趕來(lái)向你求援，但我只能停留三周時(shí)間。”　　在三周時(shí)間里，我讓瑪利歐從這個(gè)班換到另一個(gè)班，每晚堅(jiān)持發(fā)表三四次演講?；氐焦虐椭?，他在哈瓦那鄉(xiāng)村俱樂部盛大宴會(huì)上發(fā)表了一場(chǎng)精彩絕倫的講演。對(duì)此，《時(shí)代》雜志在國(guó)外新聞欄目中進(jìn)行了特別報(bào)道，稱譽(yù)他為“銀舌雄論家”?！　÷犞袷瞧孥E，是不是？它的確是一個(gè)奇跡——20世紀(jì)克服恐懼的奇跡。　　二、牢記自己的目標(biāo)　　前面曾提到的根特先生，提到了他所掌握的當(dāng)眾演講的技巧帶給他莫大的樂趣，這正是我認(rèn)為他之所以能取得成功的原因(我認(rèn)為這一因素遠(yuǎn)比其他因素更重要)。他的確是遵循著指導(dǎo)，毫不松懈地完成了所交代的任務(wù)。但是，我相信他之所以如此投入完全是出于自我需要，是出于希望成為成功的演講家的愿望。他將自己投入未來(lái)的形象中，然后努力使夢(mèng)想成真。這就是你最應(yīng)該做的?！　〖腥孔⒁饬Γ瑫r(shí)刻不忘自信與侃侃而談的演講能力對(duì)你有多么重要；想想由此而結(jié)交的朋友在社交上對(duì)你的重要性；想想自己為大眾、社會(huì)服務(wù)的能力將會(huì)大增；想一想它對(duì)你的人生和事業(yè)所帶來(lái)的積極影響……一言以蔽之，它將為你增添某種領(lǐng)袖氣質(zhì)?！　∶绹?guó)的國(guó)家現(xiàn)金注冊(cè)公司理事會(huì)會(huì)長(zhǎng)、聯(lián)合國(guó)教科文組織主席S.C.艾林在《演講季刊》中寫了一篇題為《演講與領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在事業(yè)上的關(guān)系》的文章。文章中說：“在歷史上，干我們商業(yè)這行的不少人是借著講壇上的杰出表現(xiàn)而承蒙器重的。許多年前，有位青年，當(dāng)時(shí)是堪薩斯州一處小分行的主管，在作了兩場(chǎng)精彩無(wú)比的講演之后，今天已是我們的副總裁，管理業(yè)務(wù)的拓展。”而我剛好還知道，這位副總裁正是當(dāng)今的國(guó)家現(xiàn)金注冊(cè)公司總裁。　　能從容不迫地站起來(lái)面對(duì)聽眾侃侃而談，會(huì)使你的前途變得不可估量。在我的訓(xùn)練班里，有一位名叫亨利·柏萊斯通的學(xué)員，是美國(guó)舍弗公司的總裁，他曾說過這樣的一句話：“和人們進(jìn)行有效的交談，并贏得他們的合作，是每一個(gè)正在努力追求上進(jìn)的人所必須具備的一種能力。”　　想一想當(dāng)你充滿了自信，站起來(lái)與聽眾共同分享自己的思想和感覺時(shí)，是多么有滿足感和舒暢啊。我曾多次環(huán)球旅行，但是用語(yǔ)言的力量影響全場(chǎng)聽眾的那種快悅感，卻是其他事物難以比擬的。它能給你帶來(lái)一種力量感、一種強(qiáng)勁感。一位畢業(yè)生曾這樣說：“發(fā)表演講的最初兩分鐘即使挨鞭子也無(wú)法開口；但到臨結(jié)束的前兩分鐘，我寧可吃槍子兒也不愿停下來(lái)。”　　現(xiàn)在就閉上眼睛想象一下：面對(duì)著可能的聽眾，充滿自信地邁步走上講臺(tái)，聽聽你開場(chǎng)后全場(chǎng)的鴉雀無(wú)聲，感覺一下在你深入淺出、一語(yǔ)中的時(shí)聽眾的全神貫注，感受你離開講臺(tái)時(shí)掌聲的溫馨，傾聽臺(tái)下聽眾對(duì)你的贊賞。相信我，這其中有奇跡存在，也有讓人無(wú)法忘懷的興奮感受。　　哈佛大學(xué)最杰出的心理學(xué)教授威廉·詹姆斯曾寫下六句話，對(duì)你的一生可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。這六句話就像是大盜阿里巴巴開密穴的開門口訣：“不論什么課程，只要你對(duì)它滿懷熱忱，就可以順利完成。如果你對(duì)結(jié)果足夠關(guān)注，你就一定會(huì)得到這一結(jié)果。只要你想做好，你就能做好。假如你企盼致富，你便會(huì)擁有財(cái)富。若是你想博學(xué)，你就會(huì)學(xué)富五車。但只有你真正地企盼這些事情，心無(wú)旁騖地一心盼望，而不是枉費(fèi)心思地胡思亂想許多不相干的雜事才可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。”　　學(xué)習(xí)有效面對(duì)人群講話，好處不僅僅是可以作正式的公開講演。事實(shí)上，就算你一輩子都不需要正式公開演講，但接受這種訓(xùn)練的好處仍然是多方面的。舉個(gè)例子：當(dāng)眾演講的訓(xùn)練，是幫助你培養(yǎng)自信的方法。因?yàn)槟阋坏┌l(fā)現(xiàn)自己能夠站起來(lái)，口齒伶俐、頭頭是道地對(duì)著人群說話，那么在你和別人進(jìn)行個(gè)別交談時(shí)，必定會(huì)更有信心和勇氣。很多人來(lái)上我的“成功演講”課程，大多是因?yàn)樵谏缃粓?chǎng)合之中感到害羞而拘束。當(dāng)他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，自己站著和同事講話天也不至于會(huì)塌下來(lái)，便會(huì)發(fā)覺當(dāng)初的拘束是多么的可笑。他們?cè)谟?xùn)練過程中培養(yǎng)出的自然灑脫的氣度，令家人、朋友、事業(yè)伙伴和顧客刮目相看。許多訓(xùn)練班的學(xué)生，都是因?yàn)榭匆娭車娜送ㄟ^訓(xùn)練，個(gè)性發(fā)生了巨大的改變，才被吸引著來(lái)上課的。比如顧立區(qū)先生就是這樣的?！　∵@種類型的訓(xùn)練，也會(huì)在各個(gè)方面影響到個(gè)性，不過這些影響不是馬上就能顯現(xiàn)出來(lái)的。不久前，我曾問大西洋城的外科醫(yī)師兼美國(guó)醫(yī)藥學(xué)會(huì)的前會(huì)長(zhǎng)大衛(wèi)·奧門博士，就心理和生理健康的觀點(diǎn)而言，當(dāng)眾演講訓(xùn)練的好處是什么？他微微笑了笑說：“回答這個(gè)問題，最好是開個(gè)處方，這個(gè)處方是在藥房里抓不到藥的，每個(gè)人得自己配藥；他要是以為自己不行，他就錯(cuò)了。”　　我桌上就放著這份處方，每讀一次，都覺得若有所獲。以下便是奧門博士揮筆為我寫下的處方：　　“盡力去培養(yǎng)一種能力，讓別人能夠走進(jìn)你的腦海和心靈。試著面對(duì)單獨(dú)的人或者在大眾面前清晰地傳達(dá)自己的思想和理念。在你通過這樣的努力而不斷進(jìn)步時(shí)，你便會(huì)發(fā)覺：你——真正的自我——正在塑造一種嶄新的形象，使周遭的人們產(chǎn)生前所未有的驚異。”　　從這份處方中，你會(huì)獲得雙倍的好處。你試著開始對(duì)別人講話時(shí)，你的自信心也會(huì)隨之增強(qiáng)，而你的性格會(huì)變得越來(lái)越溫和美好。這意味著你的情緒已漸入佳境。情緒既然漸入佳境，身體當(dāng)然也就會(huì)跟著好起來(lái)。在我們現(xiàn)在這個(gè)世界上，不論男女老少，都需要當(dāng)眾講話。我不清楚它在工業(yè)或商業(yè)中究竟會(huì)給人帶來(lái)什么利益，但我聽說它裨益無(wú)窮。但我確實(shí)了解它給健康帶來(lái)的益處。只要有機(jī)會(huì)，便對(duì)幾個(gè)人或許多人說說話——你會(huì)越說越好，我自己就是這樣；同時(shí)你會(huì)感到神清氣爽，感到自己完整無(wú)缺，這是你從前感受不到的?！　∵@是一種暢快、美妙的感覺，沒有任何東西能給你這樣的感受?！　∷裕诙€(gè)指引便是想象自己成功地做著目前自己所害怕做的事，想象你已經(jīng)能夠當(dāng)眾說話，并且被大家接納而獲得了很多的益處。牢記威廉·詹姆斯的話：“如果你對(duì)結(jié)果足夠關(guān)注，你就一定會(huì)得到這一結(jié)果。”　　三、下定決心是成功的關(guān)鍵　　有一次，在一個(gè)廣播節(jié)目中，要我用三句話來(lái)說明我曾學(xué)到的最重要的一課。我是這么說的：“我所學(xué)過的最重要的一課是，我們的思想對(duì)我們自己是非常重要的。我如果能知道你的思想，就能了解你這個(gè)人，因?yàn)槭悄愕乃枷胨茉炝四氵@個(gè)人。改變自己的思想，我們也就能夠改變自己的一生。”　　現(xiàn)在你已把目光指向建立自信和能做有效交談的目標(biāo)上了，那么從今天開始，你一定要積極地設(shè)想，自己的這番努力一定會(huì)成功的，必須對(duì)自己在大眾面前說話的努力成果持輕松樂觀的態(tài)度。要在每個(gè)詞句、每項(xiàng)行動(dòng)上烙下決心的印記，竭盡全力培養(yǎng)這種能力。　　任何人如果希望迎接語(yǔ)言的挑戰(zhàn)，使自己能言簡(jiǎn)意賅地說話，就必須具備堅(jiān)毅的決心。有一則故事，可以作為強(qiáng)有力的證明。故事里講的這個(gè)人，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)登上了高高的經(jīng)營(yíng)層，成為商界里的傳奇人物。但是在他讀大學(xué)的時(shí)候，初次站起來(lái)講話，卻因?yàn)椴簧蒲赞o而失敗。教師規(guī)定的五分鐘講演，他講不到一半，就臉色發(fā)白，噙著眼淚匆匆走下講臺(tái)。　　他雖有這樣的經(jīng)歷，卻不甘心被失敗擊倒。他立下決心要做個(gè)優(yōu)秀的演講家，并且一直做不懈的努力，最終成為政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)顧問，為世人仰慕。他就是克萊倫斯·B.藍(lán)道爾。他寫下許多發(fā)人深省的書，其中有一本《自由的信念》，提到他當(dāng)眾講演的情況：“我的講演安排很緊湊，要參加廠商協(xié)會(huì)、商務(wù)部、扶輪社、基金籌募會(huì)、校友會(huì)以及其他各團(tuán)體舉辦的集會(huì)。我曾經(jīng)在密歇根州的艾斯肯那巴發(fā)表愛國(guó)演講，慷慨激昂地投身到第一次世界大戰(zhàn)；我曾與米基·龍尼下鄉(xiāng)作慈善講演，與哈佛大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)詹姆士·布朗特·柯南和芝加哥大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)羅伯·M.胡欽斯下鄉(xiāng)宣導(dǎo)教育；我甚至還曾以極糟糕的法語(yǔ)作過一場(chǎng)餐后演講?！　∥蚁胛伊私饴牨娨牭氖鞘裁匆约八麄兿矚g聽到它被怎樣講出來(lái)。對(duì)于身負(fù)重責(zé)的人來(lái)說，這其中的竅門就是：只要他愿意去學(xué)，沒有什么學(xué)不會(huì)的。”　　我與藍(lán)道爾先生有同感。想要成功的決心，是能不能成為有效的說話者的關(guān)鍵。我如果可以了解你的心思，確知你的意志強(qiáng)度以及你是否抱有樂觀的態(tài)度，我就幾乎可以準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)，你在改進(jìn)溝通技巧上的進(jìn)步會(huì)有多快?！　≡谖抑形鞑康囊粋€(gè)班級(jí)里，喬·哈弗斯蒂第一晚就站起來(lái)信心十足地說，他不以做一名房屋建造商而滿足，他要做“全美房屋建造協(xié)會(huì)”的代言人。他最想做的是，能在全國(guó)上下奔走，告訴人們，他在房屋建造業(yè)中遭遇的問題與獲得的成就。喬·哈弗斯蒂真的說到做到了，他是那種讓老師高興的學(xué)生，有著對(duì)理想狂熱的追求。他想講的，不只是地方性的問題，同時(shí)還包括全國(guó)性的問題。對(duì)于這個(gè)想法，他沒有三心二意，他詳盡地準(zhǔn)備自己的講演，認(rèn)真地練習(xí)，從不耽擱一次上課，哪怕是遇上他一年里最忙碌的時(shí)節(jié)，也一絲不茍地按照學(xué)生的要求去做。結(jié)果他進(jìn)步神速，這一點(diǎn)連他自己都感到吃驚。兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間，他就已經(jīng)成了班上的佼佼者，被選為該班班長(zhǎng)?！　〖s一年后，在弗吉尼亞州的諾佛克主持該班的教師這樣寫道：“我已經(jīng)完全忘了俄亥俄州的喬·哈弗斯蒂了。直到一天早晨，在我用早餐的時(shí)候我打開《弗吉尼亞向?qū)А?，其中赫然有幅喬的照片和一篇稱贊他的報(bào)道：前一天晚上，他在地區(qū)建造商的盛大聚會(huì)中發(fā)表演講。這時(shí)的喬，豈止是全國(guó)房屋建造協(xié)會(huì)的發(fā)言人，他已經(jīng)成為會(huì)長(zhǎng)了！”　　因此，要想成功，必須具備這樣的條件：有強(qiáng)烈的欲望保持熱忱，有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的毅力翻越高山；重要的是相信自己一定會(huì)成功?！　‘?dāng)凱尤斯·愷撒由高廬而來(lái)，穿過海峽，帶領(lǐng)他的軍團(tuán)登陸現(xiàn)在的英格蘭時(shí)，他是怎樣讓自己的軍隊(duì)成功的呢？非常聰明的方法：他把軍隊(duì)帶到多佛海峽的白堊懸崖上，讓士兵們望著腳底兩百尺下燃燒的船只——置身敵國(guó)，與大陸的最后聯(lián)系已經(jīng)沒有了，用來(lái)退卻的工具被焚毀，留下來(lái)唯一可做的事只有：前進(jìn)！征服！愷撒和他的軍團(tuán)就這樣做了。　　這便是不朽的愷撒精神。當(dāng)你要去征服面對(duì)聽眾而產(chǎn)生的恐懼的時(shí)候，為什么不把這種精神變成自己的精神呢？把任何一點(diǎn)一滴的消極思想都扔進(jìn)熊熊的火中，而且把身后通往躊躇的大門緊緊關(guān)上?！　∷摹盐彰恳淮尉毩?xí)演講的機(jī)會(huì)　　第一次世界大戰(zhàn)前，我在125號(hào)街青年基督協(xié)會(huì)所教授的課程已經(jīng)有了改變，不再是當(dāng)年的樣子。每年都有新觀念加入課程，舊思想被淘汰出去。但是，有一點(diǎn)一直沒有改變，那就是每個(gè)學(xué)生至少站起來(lái)在同學(xué)面前講演一次(很多時(shí)候都是兩次)。為什么呢？因?yàn)椴划?dāng)眾說話，誰(shuí)也不可能學(xué)會(huì)在眾人面前講演。就好像一個(gè)人不下水，就一定學(xué)不會(huì)游泳一樣。你就算把有關(guān)當(dāng)眾講演的著作都讀遍，包括本書，卻依舊開不了口，那也是沒有用的。本書只是指引，你得進(jìn)行實(shí)踐才行。　　當(dāng)有人問蕭伯納是怎樣學(xué)得氣勢(shì)逼人地當(dāng)眾演講時(shí)，他說：“我是以自己學(xué)會(huì)溜冰的方法來(lái)做的——我固執(zhí)地一個(gè)勁兒地讓自己出丑，直到習(xí)以為常。”年輕時(shí)，蕭伯納是倫敦最膽小的人之一，常常在走廊里徘徊20分鐘或更多的時(shí)間，才能鼓起勇氣去敲開別人的屋門。他承認(rèn)很少有人像他這樣僅僅因?yàn)槟懶《纯?，或者深深地為它感到羞恥?！　『髞?lái)，他不經(jīng)意地使用了最好、最快、最有效的方法來(lái)克服羞怯、膽小和恐懼。他決心把弱點(diǎn)變成自己最強(qiáng)勁的資本。他加入一個(gè)辯論學(xué)會(huì)，只要倫敦有公眾討論的聚會(huì)，他都去參加。蕭伯納全心投入到社會(huì)主義運(yùn)動(dòng)中，四處講演，如此他把自己變成20世紀(jì)上半葉最有自信心、最出色的演講家之一?！　≌f話的機(jī)會(huì)隨處都有，不妨去參加一些組織，從事一些需要講話的職務(wù)。在聚會(huì)里站起身來(lái)，說上兩句，即使只是附議也好。開會(huì)時(shí)，千萬(wàn)別躲在角落里。說話吧！去教教主日學(xué)吧！或做個(gè)童子軍領(lǐng)隊(duì)，或加入任何團(tuán)體，讓自己有機(jī)會(huì)活躍地參加各種聚會(huì)。你只要往自己周圍瞧瞧便會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，沒有哪種工作和生活是不需要開口說話的，甚至住宅小區(qū)里的活動(dòng)也一樣。如果你不去說，就永遠(yuǎn)也不知道自己會(huì)有怎樣的進(jìn)步。　　“這些我都明白。”一個(gè)年輕的商務(wù)主管對(duì)我說，“可是我總是猶豫，害怕學(xué)習(xí)的艱難考驗(yàn)。”　　“什么艱難考驗(yàn)？”我說，“快把這種想法丟掉。你怎么從來(lái)不用一種正確的精神——征服性的精神——來(lái)想學(xué)習(xí)呢。”　　“那是什么精神？”他問?！　?ldquo;冒險(xiǎn)精神呀，”我告訴他說。接著我對(duì)他談起一些借當(dāng)眾說話而能獲得的成功，同時(shí)使個(gè)性因此也開朗起來(lái)的事例?！　?ldquo;我要試試，”最后他說，“我要投身到這項(xiàng)冒險(xiǎn)中。”　　在你繼續(xù)閱讀此書并將書中所需求的付諸實(shí)踐的時(shí)候，你也是在冒險(xiǎn)。你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在這項(xiàng)冒險(xiǎn)中，你的自我引導(dǎo)力和敏銳的觀察力會(huì)幫助你。你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)這項(xiàng)冒險(xiǎn)會(huì)改變你，從內(nèi)到外。PART ONE　　Fundamentals of Effective Speaking　　In every art there are few principles and many techniques.　　In the chapters that make up the first part of this book, we discuss the basic principles of effective speaking and the attitudes to make these principles come alive.　　As adults, we are interested in a quick and easy way to speak effectively. The only way we can achieve results quickly is to have the right attitude about achieving our goal and a firm foundation of principles to build upon.　　Chapter 1 -Acquiring the Basic Skills　　I STARTED TEACHING classes in public speaking in 1912, the year the Titanic went down in the icy waters of the North Atlantic. Since then, more than seven hundred and fifty thousand people have been graduated from these classes.　　In the demonstration meetings preceding the first session of the Dale Carnegie Course, people are given the opportunity of telling why they intend to enroll and what they hope to gain from this training. Naturally, the phraseology varies; but the central desire, the basic want in the vast majority of cases, remains surprisingly the same:" When I am called upon to stand up and speak, I become so self-conscious, so frightened, that I can't think clearly, can't concentrate, can't remember what I intended to say. I want to gain self-confidence, poise, and the ability to think on my feet. I want to get my thoughts together in logical order, and I want to be able to talk clearly and convincingly before a business or social group."　　Doesn't this sound familiar? Haven't you experienced these same feelings of inadequacy? Wouldn't you give a small fortune to have the ability to speak convincingly and persuasively in public? I am sure you would. The very fact that you have begun reading the pages of this book is proof of your interest in acquiring the ability to speak effectively.　　I know what you are going to say, what you would say if you could talk to me:" But Mr. Carnegie, do you really think I could develop the confidence to get up and face a group of people and address them in a coherent, fluent manner?"　　I have spent nearly all my life helping people get rid of their fears and develop courage and confidence. I could fill many books with the stories of the miracles that have taken place in my classes. It is not, therefore, a question of my thinking. I know you can, if you practice the directions and suggestions that you will find in this book.　　Is there the faintest shadow of a reason why you should not be able to think as well in aperpendicular position before an audience as you can sitting down? Is there any reason why you should play host to butterflies in your stomach and become a victim of the "trembles" when you get up to address an audience? Surely, you realize that this condition can be remedied, that training and practice will wear away your audience-fright and give you self-confidence.　　This book will help you to achieve that goal. It is not an ordinary textbook. It is not filled with rules concerning the mechanics of speaking. It does not dwell on the physiological aspects of vocal production and articulation. It is the distillation of a lifetime spent in training adults in effective speaking. It starts with you as you are, and from that premise works naturally to the conclusion of what you want to be. All you have to do is co-operate-follow the suggestions in this book, apply them in every speaking situation, and persevere.　　In order to get the most out of this book, and to get it with rapidity and dispatch, you will find these four guideposts useful:　　FIRST / TAKE HEART FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF OTHERS　　There is no such animal, in or out of captivity, as a born public speaker. In those periods of history when public speaking was a refined art that demanded close attention to the laws of rhetoric and the niceties of delivery, it was even more difficult to be born a public speaker. Now we think of public speaking as a kind of enlarged conversation. Gone forever is the old grandiloquent style and the stentorian voice. What we like to hear at our dinner meetings, in our church services, on our TV sets and radios, is straightforward speech, conceived in common sense and dedicated to the proposition that we like speakers to talk with, and not at, us.　　Despite what many school texts would lead us to believe, public speaking is not a closed art, to be mastered only after years of perfecting the voice and struggling with the mysteries of rhetoric. I have spent almost all of my teaching career proving to people that it is easy to speak in public, provided they follow a few simple, but important, rules. When I started to teach at the l25th Street YMCA in New York City back in 1912, I didn't know this any more than my first students knew it. I taught those first classes pretty much the way I had been taught in my college years in Warrensburg, Missouri. But I soon discovered that I was on the wrong track; I was trying to teach adults in the business world as though they were college freshmen. I saw the futility of using Webster, Burke, Pitt, and O'Connell as examples to imitate. What the members of my classes wanted was enough courage to stand on their hind legs and make a clear, coherent report at their next business meeting. It wasn't long before I threw the textbooks out the window, got right up there on the podium and, with a few simple ideas, worked with those fellows until they could give their reports in a convincing manner. It worked, because they kept coming back for more.　　I wish I could give you a chance to browse through the files of testimonial letters in my home or in the offices of my representatives in various parts of the world. They come from industrial leaders whose names are frequently mentioned in the business section of The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, from governors of states and members of parliaments, from college presidents, and from celebrities in the world of entertainment. There are thousands more from housewives, ministers, teachers, young men and women whose names are not well known yet, even in their own communities, executives and executive trainees, laborers, skilled and unskilled, union men, college students, and business women. All of these people felt a need for self-confidence and the ability to express themselves acceptably in public. They were so grateful for having achieved both that they took the time to write me letters of appreciation.　　Of the thousands of people I have taught, one example comes to mind as I write because of the dramatic impact it had on me at the time. Some years ago, shortly after he joined my course, D. W. Ghent, a successful businessman in Philadelphia, invited me to lunch. He leaned across the table and said." I have sidestepped every opportunity to speak to various gatherings, Mr. Carnegie, and there have been many. But now I am chairman of a board of college trustees. I must preside at their meetings. Do you think it will be possible for me to learn to speak at this late date in life?"　　I assured him, on the basis of my experience with men in similar positions who had been members of my classes, that there was no doubt in my mind that he would succeed.　　About three years later we lunched together again at the Manufacturers' Club. We ate in the same dining room and at the very same table we had occupied at our first meeting. Reminding him of our former conversation, I asked him whether my prediction had come true. He smiled, took a little red-backed notebook out of his pocket, and showed me a list of speaking engagements for the next several months. "The ability to make these talks," he confessed, "the pleasure I get in giving them, the additional service I can render in the community-these are among the most gratifying things in my life."　　But that was not all. With a feeling of justifiable pride, Mr. Ghent then played his ace card. His church group had invited the prime minister of England to address a convocation in Philadelphia. And the Philadelphian selected to make the introduction of the distinguished statesman, on one of his rare trips to America, was none other than Mr.D.W.Ghent.　　This was the man who had leaned across that same table less than three years before and asked me whether I thought he would ever be able to talk in public!　　Here is another example. The late David M. Goodrich, Chairman of the Board of the B. F. Goodrich Company, came to my office one day. "All my life," he began, "I have never been able to make a talk without being frozen with fear. As Board Chairman I have to preside at our meetings. I have known all the board members intimately for years, and I have no trouble talking to them when we are sitting around the table. But the moment I stand up to talk, I am terrified. I can hardly say a word. I have been that way for years. I don't believe you can do anything for me. My trouble is too serious. It has existed too long."　　"Well," I said, "if you don't think I can do anything for you, why did you come to see me?"　　"For one reason only," he replied. "I have an accountant who takes care of my personal accounting problems. He is a shy chap, and to get into his little office, he has to walk through my office. He has been sneaking through my office for years, looking at the floor and hardly ever saying a word. But lately, he has been transformed. He walks into my office now with his chin up, a light in his eye; and he says, 'Good morning, Mr. Goodrich, with confidence and spirit. I was astonished at the change. So, I said to him,' Who has been feeding you meat?' He told me about taking your course of training; and it is only because of the transformation that I have witnessed in that frightened little man that I have come to see you."　　I told Mr.Goodrich that if he attended the classes regularly and did what we asked him to do, within a few weeks he would enjoy speaking before audiences.　　"If you can do that," he replied, "I'll be one of the happiest men in the country."　　He joined the course, made phenomenal progress, and three months later, I invited him to attend a meeting of three thousand people in the ballroom of the Hotel Astor, and talk to them on what he had gotten out of our training. He was sorry-couldn't come-a previous engagement. The next day he phoned me. "I want to apologize," he said," I have broken that engagement. I'll come and speak for you. I owe it to you. I'll tell the audience what this training did for me. I'll do it with the hope that my story will inspire some of the listeners to get rid of the fears that are devastating their lives."　　I asked him to speak for two minutes only. He spoke to three thousand people for eleven minutes.　　I have seen thousands of similar miracles worked in my courses. I have seen men and women whose lives were transformed by this training, many of them receiving promotions far beyond their dreams or achieving positions of prominence in their business, profession, and community. Sometimes this has been done by means of a single talk delivered at the right moment. Let me tell you the story of Mario Lazo.　　Years ago, I received a cable from Cuba that astonished me. It read," Unless you cable me to the contrary, I am coming to New York to take training to make a speech." It was signed:" Mario Lazo." Who was he? I wondered! I had never heard of him before.　　When Mr. Lazo arrived in New York, he said, "The Havana Country Club is going to celebrate the fiftieth birthday of the founder of the club; and I have been invited to present him with a silver cup and to make the principal talk of the evening. Although I am an attorney, I have never made a public talk in my life. I am terrified at the thought of speaking. If I fail, it will be deeply embarrassing to my wife and myself socially; and, in addition, it might lower my prestige with my clients. That is why I have come all the way from Cuba for your help. I can stay only three weeks."　　During those three weeks, I had Mario Lazo going from one class to another speaking three or four times a night. Three weeks later, he addressed the distinguished gathering at the Havana Country Club. His address was so outstanding that Time Magazine reported it under the head of foreign news and described Mario Lazo as a "silver-tongued orator."　　Sounds like a miracle, doesn't it? It is a miracle—a twentieth-century miracle of conquering fear.　　……

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