法理學(xué)

內(nèi)容概要

　　在英美法學(xué)中，法理學(xué)與法律哲學(xué)意旨相同，均是就法律現(xiàn)象的基本問(wèn)題提出疑問(wèn)并試圖加以解答的理論努力?！　》ɡ韺W(xué)根源于人類生活對(duì)秩序的基本需求，濫觴于人類對(duì)正義問(wèn)題的哲學(xué)探索。概因人們文化傳統(tǒng)、經(jīng)濟(jì)條件、政治地位、社會(huì)心理等諸多因素的各不相同，對(duì)正義和秩序等問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)也就千差萬(wàn)別，甚至大相徑庭。伴隨著認(rèn)識(shí)的差別，各類法理學(xué)的觀點(diǎn)、理論和著述也便應(yīng)運(yùn)而生?！　》ɡ韺W(xué)之與法律學(xué)習(xí)和法學(xué)研究，恰如地基之與大廈、靈魂之與身體，重要性自不待言。它可以使我們擺脫關(guān)于法律現(xiàn)象的種種偏見，包括由常識(shí)、時(shí)代和民族的習(xí)見以及主觀上未經(jīng)深思熟慮而滋長(zhǎng)的自信所形成的偏見。它還可以使我們避免部門法人為劃分的狹隘限制，繼而形成對(duì)法律世界的全面關(guān)照，為思想和行動(dòng)開啟廣闊的空間。　　當(dāng)代中國(guó)，經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和文化都處在急劇變化的歷史時(shí)期，法律結(jié)構(gòu)也面臨巨大的調(diào)整。如何在國(guó)內(nèi)外紛繁復(fù)雜的條件下，重新調(diào)整中國(guó)的法律、社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)，成為當(dāng)下中國(guó)律和法學(xué)界的首要問(wèn)題。他山之石，可以攻玉。全面充分地了解外國(guó)的、特別是西方國(guó)家的法律思想無(wú)疑是我們　　做出正確選擇的一個(gè)必要條件?！　〕尸F(xiàn)在讀者諸君面前的，是一本內(nèi)容全面、深入淺出、在英語(yǔ)世界極受歡迎的法理學(xué)入門讀物。全書內(nèi)容分為三大部分：第一部分，形而上學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)論中的法律理論。介紹和評(píng)論宗教和神啟的法律理論、自然法理論。第二部分，唯心主義認(rèn)識(shí)論中的法律理論。介紹和評(píng)論康德、黑格爾、施塔姆勒、威奇奧的法律思想。第三部分，經(jīng)驗(yàn)主義認(rèn)識(shí)論中的法律理論。介紹和評(píng)論實(shí)證主義法律理論、歷史主義法律理論、社會(huì)學(xué)法律理論、心理學(xué)法律理論、美國(guó)現(xiàn)實(shí)主義法律理論、斯堪的納維亞現(xiàn)實(shí)主義法律理論、現(xiàn)象學(xué)法律理論和批判法學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)?！　”緯谑恼卤憩F(xiàn)作者的基本觀點(diǎn)，并且曾掀起過(guò)—場(chǎng)稱之為“法律多中心性”的新法理學(xué)運(yùn)動(dòng)。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

　　瑟亞·P·辛哈，美國(guó)當(dāng)代法理學(xué)家，美國(guó)派斯大學(xué)法學(xué)院榮譽(yù)退休教授，哥倫比亞大學(xué)和平問(wèn)題思想庫(kù)重要成員，著述頗豐，廣泛涉及法理學(xué)、國(guó)際法、侵權(quán)法、比較法、法律經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和法律教育等領(lǐng)域。其著作在當(dāng)今世界享有較高聲譽(yù)并且被國(guó)際法院在正式文件中引用。

書籍目錄

OUTLINEChapter1.IntroductionChapter2.PreparationfortheStudyofTheoriesofLawA.Non-universalityofLaw1.TheWesternCivilization2.TheChineseCivilization3.TheIndianCivilization4.TheJapaneseCivilization5.TheAfricanCivilizationsB.IrreconcilableEpistemologiesinTheoriesAboutLawC.IdeologicalIncipienceinTheoriesofLawPARTI.THEORIESOFLAWINMETAPHYSICAL-RATIONALEPISTEMOLOGYChapter3.DivineandPropheticTheoriesofLawTheoriesCriticismsChapter4.NaturalLawTheoriesA.EarlyTheoriesofNaturalLawTheoriesA.EarlyTheoriesofNaturalLawContinued1.NaturalLawasLawofVirtueA.Dharma(India,VedicPeriod:1500　B.　C.500　B.　C.)B.Lao-Tsze(China,　B.604　B.　C.)C.Confucius(China,550or551　B.　C.478　B.　C.)2.NaturalLawasJusticebyNature3.NaturalLawasLawofRightReason4.NaturalLawasLawofGodCriticismsB.ModernTheoriesofNaturalLawTheories1.NaturalLawasObjectivelyGivenValue:FrancoisGény(1861－1944)2.NaturalLawasMorals:JeanDabin(　B.1889)3.NaturalLawasDeontology:　A.ED’Entreves(1902－1985)4.NaturalLawasRelatedtoSociology:PhilipSelznick(　B.1919)5.NaturalLawasBasedonAnthropology:MargaretMead(19011978);andMayEdel(19091964)andAbrahamEdel(　B.1908)6.NaturalLawasEthicalJurisprudence:MorrisRaphaelCohen(1880－1947)B.ModernTheoriesofNaturalLaw-Continued7.NaturalLawastheInnerMoralityofLaw:LonL.Fuller(1902－1978)CriticismsPARTII.THEORIESOFLAWINIDEALISTEPISTEMOLOGYChapter5.IdealistTheoriesofLawTheories1.LawasHarmonizingVoluntaryActions:ImmanuelKant(1724－1804)2.LawastheIdeaofFreedom:GeorgWilhelmFriedrichHegel(1770-1831)3.LawastheAdjustmentofPurposes:RudolphStammler(1856-1938)4.LawasthePrincipleofLegalEvolution:GeorgioDelVecchio(1878-1970)Criticisms1.Kant2.Hegel3.Stammler4.DelVecchioPARTⅢ.THEORIESOFLAWINEMPIRICISTEPISTEMOLOGYChapter6.PositivistTheoriesofLawA.EarlyPositivistTheoriesofLawTheories1.Kautilya(India,FourthCentury　B.　C.)2.Shanglang(China,?-338　B.　C.)3.ShuenTao(China,ContemporaryofShanglang)4.HanFeiTzu(China280?-233　B.　C.)CriticismsB.LaterPositivistTheoriesofLawTheories1.TheCommandTheoryofLawofthe　Utilitarians:JeremyBentham(1748－1832),JohnStuartMill(1806－1873),JohnAustin(1790-1859)2.TheNormativeTheoryofLaw:HansKelson(1881－1973)3.TheRuleTheoryofLaw:H.L.　A.Hart(　B.1907)Criticisms1.Bentham2.Austin3.KelsenB.LaterPositivistTheoriesofLaw-Continued4.HartChapter7.HistoricalTheoriesofLawTheories1.LawasaManifestationoftheSpiritofthePeopleinHistory:FriedrichKarlvonSavigny(1719-1861)2.LawastheDevelopmentinHistoryofPersonalConditionsFromStatustoContract:SirHenrySumnerMaine(1822-1888)3.LawasanAuxiliaryinaStageofEconomicDeterminism:KarlMarx(1818-1883)andFriedrichEngels(1820-1895)Criticisms1.Savigny2.Maine3.MarxandEngelsChapter8.SociologicalTheoriesofLawTheoriesA.LawinSociologicalAspects1.LawintheSocialPurpose:RudolfvonIhering(1818-1892)2.LawintheInnerOrderofHumanAssociations:EugenEhrlich(1862-1922)A.LawinSociologicalAspects-Continued3.LawintheObjectiveConditionsofSocialSolidarity:LeonDuguit(1859-1928)B.JurisprudenceofInterests:PhilipHeck(18581943)andRoscoePound(1870-1964)C.FreeLaw:EugenEhrlich(18621922)andHermannU.Kantorowicz(18771940)Criticisms1.Ihering2.Ehrlich3.Duguit4.JurisprudenceofInterests5.FreeLawChapter9.PsychologicalTheoryofLawTheoryCriticismsChapter10.AmericanRealistTheoriesTheoriesA.PhilosophicalFrameworkofAmericanRealism:JohnDewey(1859－1952)andWilliamJames(1842-1910)B.ExpressionsofAmericanRealism1.LawasRulesofConductLaidDownbyJudges:JohnChipmanGray(1839-1915)B.ExpressionsofAmericanRealism-Continued2.LawasProphecyofWhattheCourtsWillDo:OliverWendellHolmes,Jr.(1841-1935)3.LawasWhatCertainOfficialsDoAboutDisputes;KarlN.Llewellyn(1893－1962)4.LawasGeneralizationofPotentialLegalEffectandConsiderationsWeighedbyCourtsintheDecisionofCases:JosephW.Bingham(　B.1878)5.LawFromaPsychoanalyticalPointofView:JeromeFrank(1889-1957)CriticismsChapter1　1.ScandinavianRealistTheoriesofLawTheories1.LawasConativeImpulse:AxelHagerstrom(1869-1939)2.LawasIndependentImperatives:KarlOlivecrona(　B.1897)3.LawDeterminedbySocialWelfare:VilhelmLundstedt(1882-1955)4.LawasaSchemeofInterpretationforaSetofSocialFactsThatConstitutetheCounterpartofLegalNorms:AlfRoss(　B.1899)CriticismsChapter12.PhenomenologicalTheoriesofLawTheories1.NatureofThingApproach2.ValuePhilosophyApproach3.PositivistandExistentialistApproachesCriticismsChapter13.TheCriticalLegalStudiesMovementandItsOffshootsA.CriticalLegalStudiesPhilosophicalMooringsCriticismsB.FeministJurisprudence1.CommonThemes2.VariousSchools3.MethodologyC.CriticalRaceTheoryChapter14.LegalPolycentricityChapter16.Conclusion:OnDefiningLawINDEX

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　　在英美法系的傳統(tǒng)中，法理學(xué)也就是法律哲學(xué)。本書論述了關(guān)于法律性質(zhì)的主要問(wèn)題。比如什么是法？它是如何被定義的？哪些是它的主要方面？這些在法理學(xué)中長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)被一直討論的問(wèn)題。為了達(dá)到這個(gè)目的，本書還討論了與此相關(guān)的多種學(xué)說(shuō)與流派。本書主要分為3個(gè)部分分別介紹不同的法律理論：形而上學(xué)的法學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)論、唯心法學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)論和實(shí)證法學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)論。

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