化工設(shè)計(jì)簡明雙語教程

前言

雙語教學(xué)是通過用非母語的表達(dá)方式來解釋和理解專業(yè)知識的概念、內(nèi)容和思想的一種教學(xué)方式，其主要目的之一是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生熟練地用外語學(xué)習(xí)知識和思考問題，從“學(xué)外語”過渡到“用外語”。自2001年國家教育部頒發(fā)文件，明確要求高校在公共和專業(yè)課實(shí)行以漢語和英語為授課語言的雙語教學(xué)開始，全國許多高校對雙語教學(xué)進(jìn)行了各種形式的嘗試和實(shí)踐，在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生使用外語、開闊學(xué)生的視野等方面起到了很好的成效。雙語教學(xué)為學(xué)生提供了一個輸出語言的機(jī)會，培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生用兩種語言進(jìn)行思維的能力。在雙語教學(xué)中，學(xué)生開始把英語作為一種傳播知識的媒介，而不是知識本身。從這一點(diǎn)上看，雙語教學(xué)是學(xué)以致用的開始，對大學(xué)生綜合素質(zhì)的培養(yǎng)有著十分重要的作用。雙語教學(xué)的目的體現(xiàn)在知識目標(biāo)、語言目標(biāo)和思維目標(biāo)上，即學(xué)生對學(xué)科知識的掌握、對英語的熟練應(yīng)用、以及用英語的思維方式進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)和思考。在雙語教學(xué)的實(shí)施過程中，良好的教學(xué)效果受學(xué)生的英語水平、授課教師的綜合素質(zhì)、教學(xué)環(huán)境、辦學(xué)設(shè)施、教材、課程設(shè)置、考試方式等因素的影響。在一系列制約雙語教學(xué)質(zhì)量的因素中，教材的質(zhì)量尤為重要。目前國內(nèi)高校普遍采用國外原版教材作為英文教材。在教學(xué)過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管這類教材內(nèi)容豐富，但是作為本科教材，一些內(nèi)容過于深奧，學(xué)生不易理解。另外，由于國情的不同，對于相同的專業(yè)知識，中文教材及英文教材中的一些內(nèi)容差別比較大，容易使學(xué)生思想產(chǎn)生混淆，達(dá)不到很好的教學(xué)效果?！痘ぴO(shè)計(jì)》是一門綜合應(yīng)用性很強(qiáng)的專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課，是化工及相關(guān)類專業(yè)學(xué)生在掌握化工基礎(chǔ)理論知識后，向工程技術(shù)領(lǐng)域轉(zhuǎn)化的一個重要環(huán)節(jié)。它是對各門化工專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)課程回顧和總結(jié)后，運(yùn)用于工藝設(shè)計(jì)、工程設(shè)計(jì)的一門十分重要的應(yīng)用課程，在化學(xué)、化工、材料、生化等技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的科研成果轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)生產(chǎn)力的過程中起到橋梁和紐帶的作用。為了在《化工設(shè)計(jì)》課程中開展雙語教學(xué)，本書用英語介紹了化工設(shè)計(jì)中涉及的原理、規(guī)范、程序和方法，包括化工設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目的可行性研究、廠址選擇、工藝流程設(shè)計(jì)、物料衡算和能量衡算、化工設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)和選型、車間布置設(shè)計(jì)等設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容，以及化工工藝設(shè)計(jì)中涉及的安全、環(huán)境及經(jīng)濟(jì)評價等問題。本書在編者多年從事《化工設(shè)計(jì)》課程雙語教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上，把國外及國內(nèi)關(guān)于化工設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了整合，從概念設(shè)計(jì)開始到項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)濟(jì)評價，用英語完整地介紹了化工設(shè)計(jì)中各個階段的設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容、原理及方法。本書結(jié)合了編者在國外高科技公司多年從事新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在書中加入了新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)過程的內(nèi)容，與化工新工藝設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容整合后，可以使學(xué)生更好地理解《化工設(shè)計(jì)》課程的主要內(nèi)容。本書在用英文編制完整的教材的同時，對書中涉及的有關(guān)化工設(shè)計(jì)的主要英語詞匯及短語用中文標(biāo)出，在方便學(xué)生掌握學(xué)科知識的同時，達(dá)到雙語教學(xué)的知識目標(biāo)、語言目標(biāo)和思維目標(biāo)，真正使英語成為教與學(xué)的工具。

內(nèi)容概要

為了在《化工設(shè)計(jì)》課程中開展雙語教學(xué)，本書用英語介紹了化工設(shè)計(jì)中涉及的原理、規(guī)范、程序和方法，包括化工設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目的可行性研究、廠址選擇、工藝流程設(shè)計(jì)、物料衡算和能量衡算、化工設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)和選型、車間布置設(shè)計(jì)等設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容，以及化工工藝設(shè)計(jì)中涉及的安全、環(huán)境及經(jīng)濟(jì)評價等問題。本書在編者多年從事《化工設(shè)計(jì)》課程雙語教學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)上，把國外及國內(nèi)關(guān)于化工設(shè)計(jì)的主要內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了整合，從概念設(shè)計(jì)開始到項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)濟(jì)評價，用英語完整地介紹了化工設(shè)計(jì)中各個階段的設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容、原理及方法。本書結(jié)合了編者在國外高科技公司多年從事新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，在書中加入了新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)過程的內(nèi)容，與化工新工藝設(shè)計(jì)的內(nèi)容整合后，可以使學(xué)生更好地理解《化工設(shè)計(jì)》課程的主要內(nèi)容。

書籍目錄

1  An overview of chemical engineering design   1.1  Chemical engineering design   1.2  Historical background of chemical engineering   1.3  Contemporary chemical engineering   1.4  Ethics of chemical engineering design   1.5  Outline of the present book2  An introduction to chemical product development   2.1  Product development in the chemical industry   2.2  Product development process   2.3  Product development capabilities   2.4  Product development strategy   2.5  Management of a product development project3  Introduction to chemical process design   3.1  Introduction   3.2  Beginning of the design process   3.3  Process design team   3.4  Preliminary investigation   3.5  Procedure for the design of a chemical engineering process   3.6  Project documentation   3.7  Codes and standards4  Feasibility study and report   4.1  Types of feasibility study report   4.2  Feasibility study   4.3  Technical feasibility of a chemical engineering design project   4.4  Economic feasibility of a chemical engineering design project   4.5  Contents of a feasibility study report   4.6  How to write a good feasibility study report5  Site Selection   5.1  Introduction   5.2  Factors for site selection   5.3  Site selection procedure   5.4 Case analysis:site selection criteria for the medical device industry6  Process flow chart design   6.1  Introduction   6.2  Database for the design process   6.3  Procedure for the design of a process flow chart   6.4  Basics of a process flow chart7  Fundamentals of mass balancing   7.1  Introduction   7.2  Objectives of mass balance   7.3  General principle of mass balance   7.4  Units used to express compositions   7.5  Basis for calculations   7.6  Stoichiometry   7.7  Conversion and yield   7.8  Procedure for mass balance calculations8  Fundamentals of energy balancing   8.1  Forms of energy   8.2  Energy balance   8.3  Conservation of energy   8.4  The energy balance9  Design of chemical equipment   9.1  Type of chemical equipment   9.2  Principles for the design of chemical equipment   9.3  General procedures for the design of an item of equipment   9.4  Additional design considerations   9.5  Case analyses of mechanical design for specific equipment   9.6  Design of piping system   9.7  Commissioning and verification of plant equipment10  Plant and equipment layout   10.1  Introduction   10.2  Scope of plant layout   10.3  Methods of plant layout   10.4  Equipment layout   10.5  Safety issues during plant layout11  Safety considerations in chemical engineering design   11.1  Introduction   11.2  Safety and loss prevention   11.3  The hazards   11.4  Dow fire and explosion index   11.5  Safety procedures   11.6  Safety regulations12  Environmental considerations in chemical engineering design   12.1  Introduction   12.2  Environmental issues   12.3  Environmental considerations during process design   12.4  Environmental impact assessment   12.5  EIA reports   12.6  EIA policies around the world13  Economic evaluation of a chemical engineering design project   13.1  Introduction   13.2  Project valuation   13.3  Capital cost estimation   13.4  Operating costs   13.5  Profitability analysisReferences

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：In order to build up the capabilities that are necessary for developing quality products, chemicalcompanies have to complement its own capabilities with external sources of capabilities, where in-house development lacks economy of scale. More importantly, in a dynamic product market,external sources of capabilities are essential, since a fixed set of internal capabilities may not beflexible enough to cope with the pace of market and technology changes. Strategic alliances （SA,戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟） in various forms are therefore essential for the NPD process.SA can bring a number of benefits, such as transfer of technology, technological complementarities, technology exchange, spreading risks and cost of R&D, access to facilities, etc.There are two basic motives for SA. The first is cost sharing to share fixed cost, realize economy of scale and avoid wasteful duplications. The second is skill sharing to benefit complementary knowledge that results from market failure in the NPD input market. For example, firms may have specialized personnel whose skills and knowledge, due to .contractual and confidential arrangements, may not be available in the market. Some important NPD results may be kept awayfrom public access. In these cases, SA provides an important method for outside firms to access afirm's unique resources, which may become the seed of innovation, when fused with technologiesfrom the outside finns. During the development of chemical products, a firm's technology requirement can be divided into three categories:（1）Core technology（核心技術(shù)）:which gives the potential product its unique competitive advantage. For example, in the case of a highly absorbent wound dressing, the core technology is the polymer chemistry that gives the dressing its inherent high absorption capacity over rival products.

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