認(rèn)知語用研究

前言

　　20世紀(jì)80年代以來，喬治·萊考夫（Ceorge Lakoff），羅納德·蘭蓋克（Ronald L,angacker）等著名語言學(xué)家開始系統(tǒng)地引入、傳播認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的基本思想，為深入探究隱喻、轉(zhuǎn)喻等普遍語言現(xiàn)象的生成與理解提供了新視角、新的理論構(gòu)架。此后，學(xué)者們不斷嘗試，并取得了豐碩的研究成果。進(jìn)入21世紀(jì)以后，語言現(xiàn)象的認(rèn)知研究日益呈現(xiàn)出一種勢不可擋的發(fā)展態(tài)勢，出現(xiàn)了很多與認(rèn)知有關(guān)的新興學(xué)科、界面研究，認(rèn)知語法、認(rèn)知語義學(xué)、認(rèn)知語用學(xué)等的發(fā)展便是很好的例證。　　轉(zhuǎn)喻就是借用某物或某人的一個部分、一個因子去指代其整體，或整體代局部，已被普遍視為人類認(rèn)識世界和傳播意義的基本方式之一，也是人類思維方式的一種體現(xiàn)。然而，與隱喻相比，學(xué)者們對轉(zhuǎn)喻的探索維度、深度及所取得的實際成果要少很多，這說明轉(zhuǎn)喻研究還未得到充分重視，存在繼續(xù)研究的必要性；同時也說明，轉(zhuǎn)喻研究還存在很大的探索空間，如轉(zhuǎn)喻與隱喻的界限、轉(zhuǎn)喻激活、轉(zhuǎn)喻聯(lián)想與推理、轉(zhuǎn)喻的認(rèn)知功能、轉(zhuǎn)喻生成的語境制約、轉(zhuǎn)喻理解的認(rèn)知機(jī)制與認(rèn)知效果等還遠(yuǎn)未明晰，有待深入剖析，否則我們永遠(yuǎn)無法破解有關(guān)人類思維與認(rèn)知的“黑洞”，也根本無法推進(jìn)人工智能等信息處理的真正發(fā)展；另外，語言教學(xué)與學(xué)習(xí)、二語習(xí)得、翻譯等也都難以回避語言使用中的轉(zhuǎn)喻現(xiàn)象?？傊?，轉(zhuǎn)喻及其相關(guān)問題的研究意義是多方面的、深層次的。

內(nèi)容概要

本書在吸收和融會語用學(xué)與認(rèn)知語言學(xué)相關(guān)研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上，以新穎、獨特的視角，就漢語中的詞匯轉(zhuǎn)喻進(jìn)行認(rèn)知語用框架下的專題研究，探討了轉(zhuǎn)喻理解的制約因素、認(rèn)知語用機(jī)制以及認(rèn)知效果等問題，提供了在認(rèn)知語言學(xué)和語用學(xué)之間尋求聯(lián)系與統(tǒng)合的可能性，拓展了轉(zhuǎn)喻研究的新思路。本書觀點新穎、立意深刻、層次分明、引證翔實、語言流暢，具有較強(qiáng)的可讀性和較高的學(xué)術(shù)參考價值。

作者簡介

江曉紅，四川瀘州人，廣東肇慶學(xué)院副教授、博士。2008年畢業(yè)于廣東外語外貿(mào)大學(xué)外國語言學(xué)及應(yīng)用語言學(xué)專業(yè)，獲文學(xué)博士學(xué)位。主要研究興趣為語用學(xué)、認(rèn)知語言學(xué)和應(yīng)用語言學(xué)。近年來在各類學(xué)術(shù)期刊發(fā)表學(xué)術(shù)論文20余篇；出版專著l部，參編著作4部；曾參與教育部人文社科重點研究基地重大研究項目“詞匯語用學(xué)——英、漢語言中詞匯使用與理解”，目前正主持廣東省哲學(xué)社會科學(xué)“十一五”規(guī)劃項目“英漢詞匯轉(zhuǎn)喻的認(rèn)知語用研究”。

書籍目錄

Chapter One  Introduction  1.1   The importance of metonymy in verbal communication  1.2  The target of research  1.3  Rationale of the research  1.4  Objectives of the study    1.5   Methodology for the research  1.6  Organization of the dissertation Chapter Two  Review of the Relevant Literature  2.1  Introduction  2.2  Structuralist views    2.3  The perspective of cognitive semantics　　2.3.1   Reference-point phenomena　　2.3.2  The idealized cognitive model　　2.3.3   Meaning elaboration     2.4  The pragmatic approach　　 2.4.1   Previous pragmatic accounts of metonymy　　 2.4.2  A preliminary relevance-theoretic account of metonymy   2.5  The limitations in current accounts of metonymyChapter Three  A Description of the Conceptual  Framework   3.1   Introduction    3.2  The delimitation of metonymy for the present study  　　 3.2.1   Linguistic realization of metonymy　　 3.2.2  The working definition of metonymy　　 3.2.3  Distinguishing metonymy from metaphor   3.3  Theoretical foundations　　 3.3.1   Relevance theory　　 3.3.2  Cognitive semantics　　 3.3.3  The complementarity of cognitive semantics　and relevance theory  3.4  The characterization of the conceptual framework　　3.4.1   Constraints involved in metonymy recognition   　　3.4.2  Comprehension heuristics employed in metonymy  interpretation　　3.4.3   Cognitive effects achieved in metonymy interpretationChapter Four  Constraints on Metonymy Recognition    4.1   Introduction  4.2  Syntactic constraint: syntactic deviations  4.3   Semantic constraint: violations of selection restrietion  4.4  Cognitive constraint: cognitive principles of relative salience　　4.4.1   Human experience　　4.4.2  Perceptual selectivity　　4.4.3   Cultural preferences  4.5  Pragma-cognitive constraint: the constraining influence  of context　　4.5.1   Dynamic context　　4.5.2  Mutual manifestness……Chapter Five Ad hoc Concept Construction of MetonymyChapter Six Cognitive Effects of Metonymy in Utterance InterpretationChapter Seven ConchusionBibliography后記

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Although metonymic expressions are neither necessary nor sufficientfor the creation of genuine poetic effects, they are particularly well suitedto this purpose. As discussed above, some cases of metonymy are in-volved with an implicit and weak communication. What makes a met-onymic expression creative is that a single word or phrase triggers thediscovery of an array of implicatures. Metonymy often provides a compactform of an expression for complex ideas that cannot be explicitly speci-fied. This can by illustrated by an example such as the metonymic ex-pressions "a mandarin jacket" or "Western-style clothes" in （20） :　　Using the name of the judge who wore a mandarin jacket or West-ern-style clothes would have been simpler, but it would not have causedthe same results. The metonymic expressions are used to encourage amore extensive exploration of context and make more complex and moreprecise assumptions with regard to the actual situation and the state of af-fairs. In （20）, the interpretation of metonymy requires some immediate-ly available encyclopedic knowledge attached to the metonymic expres-sions and some general knowledge derived from the striking contrast ofthe styles of clothes the two judges had on. Given that the context in-cludes the assumption about the circumstances, for example, the storytook place during the Revolution of 1911 in China, the extension of con-text finally results in a number of contextual implications, such as theradical and conservative attitudes toward the bourgeois democratic revo-lution held respectively by the two judges. Consider another famous po-em by Yu Guangzhong.　　……

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