霧都孤兒

前言

　　一部文學(xué)史是人類(lèi)從童真走向成熟的發(fā)展史，是一個(gè)個(gè)文學(xué)大師用如椽巨筆記載的人類(lèi)的心靈史，也是承載人類(lèi)良知與情感反思的思想史。閱讀這些傳世的文學(xué)名著就是在閱讀最鮮活生動(dòng)的歷史，就是在與大師們做跨越時(shí)空的思想交流與情感交流，它會(huì)使一代代的讀者獲得心靈的滋養(yǎng)與巨大的審美滿(mǎn)足?！　≈袊?guó)對(duì)外翻譯出版公司以中外語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)和中外文化交流為自己的出版方向，向廣大讀者提供既能提升語(yǔ)言能力，又能滋養(yǎng)心靈的精神大餐是我們的一貫宗旨。盡管隨著網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)和數(shù)字出版的發(fā)展，讀者獲得這些作品的途徑更加便捷，但是，一本本裝幀精關(guān)、墨香四溢的圖書(shū)仍是讀書(shū)人的最?lèi)?ài)?！　　笆熳x唐詩(shī)三百首，不會(huì)做詩(shī)也會(huì)吟”，漢語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)如此，外語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)尤其如此。要想徹底學(xué)好一種語(yǔ)言，必須有大量的閱讀。這不僅可以熟能生巧地掌握其語(yǔ)言技能，也可了解一種語(yǔ)言所承載的獨(dú)特文化?！爸凶g經(jīng)典文庫(kù)·世界文學(xué)名著（英語(yǔ)原著版）”便是這樣一套必將使讀者受益終生的讀物。

內(nèi)容概要

　　《霧都孤兒》是狄更斯于1838年出版的寫(xiě)實(shí)小說(shuō)，是他的第一部重要的社會(huì)問(wèn)題小說(shuō)。這部小說(shuō)以霧都倫敦為背景，講述一個(gè)孤兒悲慘的身世及遭遇：主人公奧利佛是個(gè)孤兒，從小在濟(jì)貧院長(zhǎng)大，不知父母是誰(shuí)。他在濟(jì)貧院中受了九年的折磨后被送到一個(gè)承辦喪事的店里當(dāng)學(xué)徒，在那里受到虐待。他忍無(wú)可忍，獨(dú)自逃往倫敦，不幸剛到便被騙誤入賊窟，這是一個(gè)專(zhuān)事盜竊搶劫的團(tuán)伙，為首的是老猶太人費(fèi)金，除了少數(shù)頭目外，都是些被引入邪路的少年兒童。費(fèi)金一伙用威脅、利誘、灌輸?shù)仁侄?，要把奧利佛變成他們的作案工具。奧利佛歷盡無(wú)數(shù)辛酸，幾經(jīng)波折，最終被他父親生前的朋友從賊窟中救出，找到了親人，得到了遺產(chǎn)，過(guò)上了幸福的生活。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

　　狄更斯Charles Dickens（1812～1870），1812年生于英國(guó)的樸次茅斯。父親過(guò)著沒(méi)有節(jié)制的生活，負(fù)債累累。年幼的狄更斯被迫被送進(jìn)一家皮鞋油店當(dāng)學(xué)徒，飽嘗了艱辛。狄更斯16歲時(shí)，父親因債務(wù)被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。從此，他們的生活更為悲慘。工業(yè)革命一方面帶來(lái)了19世紀(jì)前期英國(guó)大都市的繁榮，另一方面又帶來(lái)了庶民社會(huì)的極端貧困和對(duì)童工的殘酷剝削。尖銳的社會(huì)矛盾和不公正的社會(huì)制度使狄更斯決心改變自己的生活。15歲時(shí)，狄更斯在一家律師事務(wù)所當(dāng)抄寫(xiě)員并學(xué)習(xí)速記，此后，又在報(bào)社任新聞?dòng)浾?。在《記事晨?bào)》任記者時(shí)，狄更斯開(kāi)始發(fā)表一些具有諷刺和幽默內(nèi)容的短劇，主要反映倫敦的生活，逐漸有了名氣。他了解城市底層人民的生活和風(fēng)土人情，這些都體現(xiàn)在他熱情洋溢的筆端。此后，他在不同的雜志社任編輯、主編和發(fā)行人，其間發(fā)表了幾十部長(zhǎng)篇和短篇小說(shuō)，主要作品有《霧都孤兒》、《圣誕頌歌》、《大衛(wèi)·科波菲爾》和《遠(yuǎn)大前程》等。 　　狄更斯的作品大多取材于與自己的親身經(jīng)歷或所見(jiàn)所聞相關(guān)聯(lián)的事件。他在書(shū)中揭露了濟(jì)貧院駭人聽(tīng)聞的生活制度，揭開(kāi)了英國(guó)社會(huì)底層的可怕秘密，淋漓盡致地描寫(xiě)了社會(huì)的黑暗和罪惡。本書(shū)起筆便描寫(xiě)了主人公奧利弗生下來(lái)便成為孤兒，以及在濟(jì)貧院度過(guò)的悲慘生活。后來(lái)，他被迫到殯儀館做學(xué)徒，又因不堪忍受虐待而離家出走。孤身一人來(lái)到倫敦后，又落入了竊賊的手中。狄更斯在其作品中大量描寫(xiě)了黑暗的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)，對(duì)平民階層寄予了深切的向情，并無(wú)情地批判了當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)制度。他在小說(shuō)描寫(xiě)的現(xiàn)實(shí)性和人物的個(gè)性化方面成績(jī)是突出的。他成為繼莎士比亞之后，塑造作品人物數(shù)量最多的一個(gè)作家。

書(shū)籍目錄

Chapter 1　Treats of the place where Oliver Twistwas born;and of the circumstances attending his birthChapter 2　Treats of Oliver Twists growth， education， and boardChapter 3　Relates how Oliver Twist was very near gettinga place， which would not have been a sinecureChapter 4　Oliver， being offered another place， makes hisfirst entry into public lifeChapter 5　Oliver mingles with new associates. Going toa funeral for the first time， he forms anunfavourable notion of his masters businessChapter 6　Oliver， being goaded by the taunts of Noah，rouses into action and rather astonishes himChapter 7　Oliver continues refractoryChapter 8　Oliver walks to London. He encounters on theroad， a strange sort of young gentlemanChapter 9　Containing further particulars concerning thepleasant old gentleman and his hopeful pupilsChapter l0　Oliver becomes better acquainted with thecharacters of his new associates; and purchasesexperience at a high price. Being a short butvery important chapter in this historyChapter 11　Treats of Mr. Fang， the police magistrate; andfurnishes a slight specimen of his mode ofadministering justiceChapter 12　In which Oliver is taken better care of thanhe ever was before. And in which the narrativereverts to the merry old gentleman and hisyouthful friendsChapter 13　Some new acquaintances are introduced to theintelligent reader; connected with whomvarious pleasant matters are related appertainingto this historyChapter 14　Comprising further particulars of Olivers stay atMr. Brownlows， with the remarkable predictionwhich one Mr. Grimwig uttered concerning himwhen he went out on an errandChapter 15　Showing how very fond of Oliver Twist themerry old Jew and Miss Nancy wereChapter 16　Relates what became of Oliver Twist， after hehad been claimed by NancyChapter 17　Olivers destiny， continuing unpropitious，brings a great man to London to injure his reputationChapter 18　How Oliver passed his time in the improvingsociety of his reputable friendsChapter 19　In which a notable plan is discussed anddetermined onChapter 20　Wherein Oliver is delivered over to Mr. William SikesChapter 21　The expeditionChapter 22　The burglaryChapter 23　Which contains the substance of a pleasantconversation between Mr. Bumble and a lady;and shows that even a beadle may be susceptibleon some pointsChapter 24　Treats of a very poor subject. But is a short one;and may be found of some importance in thishistoryChapter 25　Wherein this history refers to Mr. Fagin andcompanyChapter 26　In which a mysterious character appears uponthe scene; and many things， inseparable fromthis history， are done and performedChapter 27　Atones for the unpoliteness of a former chapter;which deserted a lady most unceremoniouslyChapter 28　Looks after Oliver， and proceeds with his adventuresChapter 29　Has an introductory account of the inmates ofthe house to which Oliver resortedChapter 30　Relates what Olivers new visitors thought of himChapter 31　Involves a critical positionChapter 32　Of the happy life Oliver began to lead withhis kind friendsChapter 33　Wherein the happiness of Oliver and his friendsexperiences a sudden checkChapter 34　Contains some introductory particulars relative toa young gentleman who now arrives upon thescene; and a new adventure which happened to OliverChapter 35　Containing the unsatisfactory result of Oliversadventure; and a conversation of someimportance between Harry Maylie and RoseChapter 36　Is a very short one， and may appear of no greatimportance in its place. But it should be read，notwithstanding， as a sequel to the last， and akey to one that will follow when its time arrivesChapter 37　In which the reader may perceive a contrast，not uncommon in matrimonial casesChapter 38　Containing an account of what passed betweenMr. and Mrs. Bumble， and Monks， at theirnocturnal interviewChapter 39　Introduces some respectable characters withwhom the reader is already acquainted， andshows how Monks and the Jew laid theirworthy heads togetherChapter 40　A strange interview， which is a sequel to thelast chapterChapter 41　Containing fresh discoveries， and showing thatsurprises， like misfortunes， seldom come aloneChapter 42　An old acquaintance of Olivers， exhibitingdecided marks of genius， becomes a publiccharacter in the metropolisChapter 43　Wherein is shown how the Artful Dodgergot into troubleChapter 44　The time arrives for Nancy to redeem herpledge to Rose Maylie. She failsChapter 45　Noah Claypole is employed by Fagin on asecret missionChapter 46　The appointment keptChapter 47　Fatal consequencesChapter 48　The flight of SikesChapter 49　Monks and Mr. Browniow at length meet. Theirconversation， and the intelligence that interrupt，itChapter 50　The pursuit and escapeChapter 51　Affording an explanation of more mysteriesthan one， and comprehending a proposal ofmarriage， with no word of settlement or pin-moneyChapter 52　The Jews last night aliveChapter 53　And last

章節(jié)摘錄

　　For many days Oliver remained in the Jews room， picking the marks out of the pocket-handkerchiefs （of which a great number were brought home）， and sometimes taking part in the game already described， which the two boys and the Jew played regularly every morning. At length he began to languish for the fresh air， and took many occasions of earnestly entreating the old gentleman to allow him to go out to work with his two companions.　　Oliver was rendered the more anxious to be actively employed， by what he had seen of the stern morality of the old gentlemans character. Whenever the Dodger or Charley Bates came home at night empty-handed， he would expatiate with great vehemence on the misery of idle and lazy habits， and would enforce upon them the necessity of an active life by sending them supperless to bed. On one occasion， indeed， he even went so far as to knock them both down a flight of stairs; but this was carrying out his virtuous precepts to an unusual extent.　　At length one morning Oliver obtained the permission he had so eagerly sought. There had been no handkerchiefs to work upon for two or three days， and the dinners had been rather meagre. Perhaps these were the reasons for the old gentlemans giving his assent; but， whether they were or　　no， he told Oliver he might go， and placed him under the joint guardianship of Charley Bates and his friend the Dodger.　　The three boys sallied out; the Dodger with his coatsleeves tucked up， and his hat cocked， as usual; Master Bates sauntering along with his hands in his pockets; and Oliver between them， wondering where they were going， and what branch of manufacture he would be instructed in first.

編輯推薦

　　奧利佛是上流社會(huì)一個(gè)有錢(qián)人家的私生子。他年輕的母親在教區(qū)濟(jì)貧院里生下他后就辭世了。他在濟(jì)貧院里過(guò)著地獄般的生活。九歲時(shí)，他被賣(mài)到棺材店做學(xué)徒。在遭受了一次毒打后，奧利佛逃往倫敦，在去倫敦的途中又誤入賊窩。經(jīng)歷了一系列磨難之后，他身世大白，終于回到了親人的懷抱。

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