錢學森文集

內(nèi)容概要

　　 This volume collects the scientific works of Tsien Hsue-shen
accomplished during his stay in the United States as a graduate
student, scientist and professor and published in the period of
1938-1956, when the aeronautic exploration stepped from low-speed
to high-speed regimes and astronautic technology entered its infant
stage. In these papers, he addressed and solved a series of key
problems in aerodynamics, stability of shells, rocket ballistics
and engine analyses, etc., some of which were path-breaking.
Starting from 1946, with his strategic wisdom, Tsien Hsue-shen made
pioneering contributions to some fields, such as jet propulsion,
engineering cybernetics, physical mechanics and engineering
sciences, and so on. All these works feature the unique methodology
of turning basic theories in natural science into practical tools
in tackling complicated engineering problems. It is worth noting
that he first advocated the philosophy of engineering sciences,
which has been elucidated and illustrated in the volume and proved
to be the guideline of innovative industrial development. The
collected works might benefit to its extensive readers in getting
deeper insight into the academic contributions, scientific thoughts
and studying style of Tsien from various viewpoints.

作者簡介

　　錢學森，1911年12月11日出生于上海，是獨生子。父親錢均夫（名家治，后以號行）是浙江杭州一沒落絲商第二子，少小就學于當時維新的杭州求是書院，曾到日本學教育和地理、歷史。母親章蘭娟是當時杭州富商的女兒。錢學森的外祖父欣賞錢均夫的才華，把自己的女兒許配給他。民國成立后，錢均夫就職北京當時的教育部，錢學森在3歲時隨父到了北京，上過蒙養(yǎng)院（幼兒園）、女師大附小、師大附小和師大附中?！　≡诒本煷蟾街袝r，對錢學森影響最深的幾位老師是：林礪儒、王鶴清、董魯安（于力），以及幾何老師傅種孫、生物老師俞謨（俞君適）、博物老師李士博和美術(shù)老師高希舜（后來是著名國畫大師）。林礪儒是校長（當時稱主任），他制定了一套以啟發(fā)學生智力為目標的教學方案。王鶴清是化學老師，他啟發(fā)了錢學森對科學的興趣，給他自由到化學實驗室做實驗的便利。董魯安是國文老師，在課堂上常常用較長的時間討論時事，表示厭惡北洋軍閥政府，憧憬國民革命軍北上（后來他去了解放區(qū)）。他的教學使錢學森產(chǎn)生對舊社會腐敗的深切不滿和對祖國前途、人民命運的無比關(guān)心。錢學森一次在圖書館借了一本講相對論的小冊子，書中第一句話提到20世紀有兩位大師：一位是自然科學大師愛因斯坦，一位是社會科學大師列寧。錢學森當時對列寧這位大師還不甚了解。傅種孫那時已是師大數(shù)學講師，在中學課堂上把道理講得很透。錢學森后來認為，在初中三年級聽傅老師的幾何課，使他第一次得知什么是嚴謹?shù)目茖W。錢學森對老師們的教誨感激不盡，他后來說：“我若能為國家為人民做點事，皆與老師教育不可分！”　　1929年中學畢業(yè)后，錢學森為復(fù)興祖國，決心學工科，考入上海交通大學機械工程系。當時，交通大學專重考試分數(shù)，學期終了平均分數(shù)算到小數(shù)點以后兩位，大家都為分數(shù)而奮斗。初入交大的錢學森，對這里求知空氣不濃而不滿，但也不甘落后，非考90分以上不可。在交大，錢學森非常感激兩位倡導(dǎo)把嚴密的科學理論與工程實際結(jié)合起來的老師，一位是工程熱力學教授陳石英，一位是電機工程教授鐘兆琳。　　1930年暑假后期，錢學森得了傷寒病，在杭州家里臥病一月余，后因體弱休學一年。在這一年里，他第一次接觸到科學的社會主義。錢學森愛好美術(shù)，在書店買了一本講藝術(shù)史的書，不曾想這本書是一位匈牙利社會科學家用唯物史觀的論點寫的。他從未想到對藝術(shù)可以進行科學分析，所以對這一理論發(fā)生了莫大的興趣。接著他讀了普列漢諾夫的藝術(shù)論，布哈林的唯物論等書，又看7一些西洋哲學史，也看了胡適的《中國哲學史大綱》（上冊）。讀了這么多書，他感到只有唯物史觀和辯證唯物主義才是有道理的，唯心主義等沒有道理；經(jīng)濟學也是馬克思的有道理，而資產(chǎn)階級經(jīng)濟學那一套理論不能自圓其說。休學期滿回到學校，錢學森開始接觸到共產(chǎn)黨的外圍組織，參加過多次小型討論會，從那里他知道了紅軍和解放區(qū)的存在。小組的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人喬魁賢，是當時交大數(shù)學系的學生，小組還有許邦和、袁軼群和褚應(yīng)璜。后來，喬魁賢被學校開除；錢學森和小組的聯(lián)系也逐漸中斷，仍埋頭讀書，每學期平均分數(shù)都超過90分，因而得到免交學費的獎勵。在交通大學，好友有林津、熊大紀、鄭世芬、羅沛霖、茅于恭等。假期在杭州，因與學音樂的表弟李元慶思想相投而常交往，從他那里略聞左翼文藝運動的情況。

書籍目錄

Boundary Layer in Compressible Fluids
Supersonic Flow over an Inclined Body of Revolution
Problems in Motion of Compressible Fluids and Reaction Propulsion
Flight Analysis of a Sounding Rocket with Special Reference to
Propulsion by Suc
Two-Dimensional Subsonic Flow of Compressible Fluids  lttsue-shen"
The Buckling of Spherical Shells by External Pressure
The Influence of Curvature on the Buckling Characteristics of
Structures
A Method for Predicting the Compressibility Burble
The Buckling of Thin Cylindrical Shells under Axial Compression
Buckling of a Column with Non-Linear Lateral Supports
A Theory for the Buckling of Thin Shells
Heat Conduction across a Partially Insulated Wall
On the Design of the Contraction Cone for a Wind Tunnel
Symmetrical Joukowsky Airfoils in Shear Flow
The "Limiting Line" in Mixed Subsonic and Supersonic Flow of
Compressible Fluids
Loss in Compressor or Turbine due to Twisted Blades
Lifting-Line Theory for a Wing in Non-uniform Flow
Atomic Energy
Two-Dimensional Irrotational Mixed Subsonic and Supersonic Flow of
a Compressible
Superaerodynamics, Mechanics of Rarefied Gases  Hsue-shen Tsien
Propagation of Plane Sound Waves in Rarefied Gases
Similarity Laws of Hypersonic Flows
One-Dimensional Flows of a Gas Characterized by van der Waals
Equation of State
Flow Conditions near the Intersection of a Shock Wave with Solid
Boundary
Lower Buckling Load'in the Non-Linear Buckling Theory for Thin
Shells
Rockets and Other Thermal Jets Using Nuclear Energy 
Engineering and Engineering Sciences
On Two-Dimensional Non-steady Motion of a Slender Body in a
Compressible Fluid
Wimt-Tunnel Testing Problems in Superaerodynamics  Hsue-shen Tsien
Airfoils in Slightly Supersonic Flow  Hsue-shen Tsien and Judson R.
Baron
Interaction between Parallel Streams of Subsonic and Supersonic
Velocities
Research in Rocket and Jet Propulsion
A Generalization of Alfrey's Theorem for Visco-elastic Media
Instruction and Research at the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim Jet
Propulsion
Influence of Flame Front on the Flow Field
Optimum Thrust Programming for a Sounding Rocket
The Emission of Radiation from Diatomie Gases. III. Numerical
Emissivity Calculations for Carbon Monoxide for Low Optical
Densities at 300 K and
   Atmospheric Pressure
The Transfer Functions of Rocket Nozzles
A Similarity Law for Stressing Rapidly Heated Thin-Walled Cylinders
On the Determination of Rotational Line Half-Widths of Diatomic
Molecules
Automatic Navigation of a Long Range Rocket Vehicle
A Method for Comparing the Performance of Power Plants for Vertical
Flight
Servo-Stabilization of Combustion in Rocket Motors
Physical Mechanics, A New Field in Engineering Science
The Properties of Pure Liquids
Similarity Laws for Stressing Heated Wings
Take-Off from Satellite Orbit
Analysis of Peak-Holding Optimalizing Control
The Poincar~-Lighthill-Kuo Method 
Thermodynamic Properties of Gas at High Temperatures and Pressures
Thermonuclear Power Plants
錢學森生平簡介
后記
出版說明

章節(jié)摘錄

版權(quán)頁：插圖：In the field of applied clasticity，one of the most perplexing problems is the prediction ofthe buckling load，or rather the failing load of a thin-walled structure with either simple ordouble curvature.Everyone who has contact with this subj ect wi l l notice the gap betweentheory and experimental results.The dmigner，however，has to proceed with his work regardless ofwhether or not the theory of elasticity can give him the correction solution of his problem.Hence，in this case he has tO resort to empirical relations determined by experimental methods.But such an empirical approach tO a complex subj ect without solid physical basis has its definitelimitations.Therefore，a correct picture of the interactions of the different factors which determinethe failing load and the mechanism of the failing process will be always useful to the designer.  In this paper the authors do not present a new theory，but certain considerations whichthey believe bring out the crucial point of the subject.In Section I，a comparison is madebetween the buckling of one dimensional and tWO dimensional structures with and withoutcurvature.Section II contains a critical examination of the discrepancies between the classicalbuckling theory of cylindrical shells and the experimental evidence together with a descriptionof various investigations which have been made to reveal the true character of the mechanism offailure.In SectionⅢ，the buckling phenomena observed in the laboratory for differcntstructures are discussed from the point of view developed in the previous sections.

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《錢學森文集(英文版):海外學術(shù)文獻(1938～1956)》：科學是老老實實的學問，要發(fā)揚嚴肅認真、絲毫不茍的優(yōu)良學風和勇于創(chuàng)造的精神。

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