商務(wù)英語閱讀

前言

　　改革開放30年來，特別是我國加入世界貿(mào)易組織8年來，國際商務(wù)領(lǐng)域發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。以國際貿(mào)易為例，1978年中國的進出口總額為206億美元，而2007年我國的進出口總額已達21738億美元。經(jīng)濟社會迅速發(fā)展的形勢要求高等院校培養(yǎng)出一大批具有堅實的英語語言基礎(chǔ)和熟練的聽、說、讀、寫、譯等能力，熟悉和掌握國際貿(mào)易基本理論、基礎(chǔ)知識和基本技能，了解國際慣例及我國對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易的方針政策及法規(guī)，能從事國際商務(wù)活動、勝任涉外企業(yè)相應(yīng)崗位的各類復(fù)合型人才?！　轫槕?yīng)國際商務(wù)領(lǐng)域?qū)?fù)合型商務(wù)英語人才的需求，2005年上海市教委批準(zhǔn)上海對外貿(mào)易學(xué)院主考高等教育自學(xué)考試商務(wù)英語專業(yè)（獨立本科段）。該專業(yè)于2005年10月開考以來，報考課程已迅速上升到近3千門次，報考人數(shù)超過千人，呈現(xiàn)出良好的發(fā)展趨勢。2006年以來國家教育部先后批準(zhǔn)對外經(jīng)濟貿(mào)易大學(xué)、上海對外貿(mào)易學(xué)院和廣東外語外貿(mào)大學(xué)試辦商務(wù)英語本科專業(yè)。這標(biāo)志著我國的商務(wù)英語教學(xué)躍上了新的層次。　　何為商務(wù)英語？我們認(rèn)為商務(wù)英語的內(nèi)涵和外延應(yīng)該隨著商務(wù)領(lǐng)域的變化而變化。改革開放以來中國的國際商務(wù)環(huán)境發(fā)生了巨大的變化。以國際貿(mào)易為例，貿(mào)易事業(yè)的運行對象、政策領(lǐng)域、體制環(huán)境、管理方式和運行平臺等方面已經(jīng)發(fā)生了重大變化：一是貿(mào)易的運行對象已經(jīng)從傳統(tǒng)的貨物貿(mào)易向包括貨物貿(mào)易、服務(wù)貿(mào)易和知識貿(mào)易在內(nèi)的“大貿(mào)易”拓展；二是貿(mào)易政策涉及的范圍已經(jīng)從過去單純的貿(mào)易政策領(lǐng)域向與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的領(lǐng)域延伸；三是貿(mào)易的體制環(huán)境已經(jīng)從計劃經(jīng)濟條件下封閉的國內(nèi)貿(mào)易體制環(huán)境向社會主義市場經(jīng)濟條件下開放的全球多邊貿(mào)易體制環(huán)境轉(zhuǎn)型；四是國家對貿(mào)易的管理方式已經(jīng)從傳統(tǒng)的內(nèi)外貿(mào)分割管理向內(nèi)外貿(mào)_體化管理的方向轉(zhuǎn)變；五是貿(mào)易運行平臺已經(jīng)從傳統(tǒng)的貿(mào)易運行平臺轉(zhuǎn)向數(shù)字化、信息化和網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的貿(mào)易運行平臺。本教材力圖反映國際商務(wù)領(lǐng)域的最新發(fā)展?！　≡谛滦蝿菹拢皣H貿(mào)易就是跨境商品買賣”這一傳統(tǒng)定義已經(jīng)難以涵蓋當(dāng)前國際貿(mào)易活動的豐富內(nèi)涵。人們開始把任何為了滿足個人和機構(gòu)需要而進行的跨境商業(yè)交易稱之為國際商務(wù)。具體地說，國際商務(wù)包括商品、資本、服務(wù)、人員和技術(shù)的國際流通，知識產(chǎn)權(quán)（包括專利、商標(biāo)、技術(shù)、版權(quán)等）的跨境交易，實物資產(chǎn)和金融資產(chǎn)投資，用于當(dāng)?shù)劁N售或出口的來料加工或組裝，跨國的采購和零售，在國外設(shè)立倉儲和分銷系統(tǒng)等。由此可見，國際商務(wù)的內(nèi)涵十分豐富。它包括國際貿(mào)易和外國直接投資以及與國際貿(mào)易和外國直接投資有關(guān)的方方面面。就所涉及的領(lǐng)域而言，國際商務(wù)涉及了跨文化交際、國際營銷、國際金融、國際會計、國際審計、國際稅收、國際結(jié)算、跨國公司、對外直接投資、人力資源管理、國際物流、知識產(chǎn)權(quán)、電子商務(wù)和貿(mào)易法律等領(lǐng)域。就所涉及的行業(yè)而言，國際商務(wù)不僅包括國際貿(mào)易和國際投資，還包括物流、旅游、銀行、廣告、零售、批發(fā)、保險、教育、電信、航空、海運、咨詢、會計和法律服務(wù)等行業(yè)。我們認(rèn)為在上述環(huán)境下使用的英語都應(yīng)納入商務(wù)英語的范疇。

內(nèi)容概要

《商務(wù)英語閱讀》共分16個單元，每個單元有Reading A、Reading B和Reading C三篇文章，每篇文章有三個部分：詞匯、注釋和練習(xí)。詞匯部分主要由生詞、詞組和專業(yè)術(shù)語組成；注釋部分對文章中出現(xiàn)的難度較大的句子和表達方式以重要背景知識作了比較詳細的講解；練習(xí)部分提供了形式多樣的練習(xí)。每單元圍繞一個主題，課文和練習(xí)都與主題密切相關(guān)。在每個單元之后設(shè)計了單元測驗。書后提供了所有練習(xí)和單元測驗的答案?！　　渡虅?wù)英語閱讀》可供高等院校、高職、高專商務(wù)英語專業(yè)以及對外貿(mào)易、財政金融、工商管理等專業(yè)的學(xué)生使用，還可以用作經(jīng)貿(mào)部門、外貿(mào)公司、涉外企業(yè)的培訓(xùn)教材，以及廣大商務(wù)工作者的自學(xué)參考書。

書籍目錄

Unit 1  Education 教育　Reading A Boy Genius　Reading B IRemember Alan 　Reading C But Can You Teach It?　A Unit TestUnit 2 Making Money 創(chuàng)造財富　Reading A New Ways to Make a Bundle　Reading B Don't Pay These Hidden Fees　Reading C Making Dollars from Senses　A Unit TestUnit 3 Career 職場人生　Reading A You'Re Hired !　Reading B I Was Fired!　Reading C Love Hurts　A Unit TestUnit 4 Success 創(chuàng)業(yè)　Reading A The Secret of Success　Reading B Don't Quit Your Day Job　Reading C How MuchRisk Can You Take? 　A Unit TestUnit 5 Management 經(jīng)營管理　Reading A Get Engaged　Reading B Dell Learns to Listen　Reading C Four Big Career Mistakes and How tO Avoid Them　A Unit Test Unit 6 Efficiency 效率　Reading AA New Way to Get People to Pay　Reading B Life in Slow Motion　Reading C Efficiency vs. Effectiveness　A Unit TestUnit 7 HumanResources 人力資源　Reading A The Battle for Brainpower　Reading B How Long Will You Live?　Reading C The Coming Battle for Immigrants　A Unit TestUnit 8 Leadership 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)藝術(shù)　Reading A Praetices by Effective Executives （I）　Reading B Praetiees by Effective Executives （II）　Reading C The Clear Leader　A Unit Test Unit 9 Competition 競爭　Reading A The Monster Dilemma　Reading B Was a Strike Inevitable?　Reading C They Will Manage for Food　A Unit TestUnit 10 Finance 股市沉浮　Reading A You Can Make a Million　Reading B Mind over Money　Reading C Feelings Hurt　A Unit TestUnit 11 Economic Crisis 經(jīng)濟危機　Reading A The Coming Storm　Reading B New Thinking for a New Financial Order　Reading C Economic Crisis: Predicted and Predictable　A Unit TestUnit 12 Time 時間投資　Reading A The Most ImportantResource　Reading B Please Don't Make Me Go on Vacation 　Reading C Commuter Pursuits　A Unit Test Unit 13 Environment Protection 環(huán)境保護　Reading A Eco-towns Are the Greatest Try-on in the History of Property Speculation（185）　Reading BAn Inconvenient Bag 　Reading C Bag Lady 　A Unit TestUnit 14Advertising 廣告　Reading A When Is a Cliek Not a Click?　Reading B The Top 5Rules of the Ad Game　Reading C Tuning out TV　A Unit TestUnit 15 Pleasure and Happiness 快樂幸福　Reading A How to Mix Pleasure with Business　Reading B Money and Happiness （Ⅰ）　Reading C Money and Happiness （Ⅱ）　A Unit TestUnit 16 Network 網(wǎng)絡(luò)　Reading A The Power of Suggestion　Reading B Dawn of the Digital Natives　Reading C Upgrade Madness　A Unit TestKey to Exercises

章節(jié)摘錄

　　When Albert Einstein arrived in America at age 54, pulling into New York harbor on the ocean liner Westernland on October 17, 1933, an official greeting committee was waiting for him. Einstein and his entourage, however, were nowhere to be found.　　Abraham Flexner, director of the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, was obsessed with shielding his celebrity professor from publieity. So he'd sent a tugboat to spirit the great man away from the Westernland as soon as it cleared quarantine@）. His hair poking out from a wide- brimmed black hat, Einstein surreptitiously disembarked onto the tug, which ferried him and his party to lower Manhattan, where a ear would whisk them to Princeton. "All Dr. Einstein wants is to be left in peace and quiet," Flexner told reporters.　　Actually, Einstein also wanted a newspaper and ice cream cone. As soon as he checked into Princeton's Peacoke Inn, he walked over to a newsstand, bought a newspaper and chuckled at the headlines about his mysterious whereabouts. Then he entered a local ice cream parlor and ordered a cone. The waitress making change for him declared, "This one goes in my memory book. "　　Winner of the Nobel Prize in 1921 for his contribution to theoretical physics, Einstein was given an office at the institute. He was asked what equipment he needed. "A desk or table, a chair, paper and pencils," he replied. "Oh, and a large wastebasket, so I can throw away all my mistakes. "　　He and Elsa, his wife, rented a house and settled into life in Princeton, He liked the fact that America, despite its inequalities of wealth and racial injustices, was more of a meritocracy than Europe. "What makes the new arrival devoted to this country is the democratic trait among the people," he would later marvel. "No one humbles himself before another person. "　　The lack of stifling traditions, he notes, encouraged more of the sort of creativity he'd relished as a student in Europe, where his constant questioning of established wisdom led to the special theory of relativity, as well as the best-known equation in all of physics: E＝me2.Einstein, however, was no Einstein when he was a child.　　Growing up in Munich, Germany, the first of two children of Hermann and Pauline Einstein, he was slow in learning how to talk. "My parents were so worried," he recalled, "that they consulted a doctor. "　　Even when he began using words after age two, he developed a quirk that prompted his nursemaid to dub him the dopey one. "Every sentence he uttered, no matter how routine," recalled his younger sister, Maja, "he repeated to himself softly, moving his lips. " His slow development was combined with a cheeky rebelliousness toward authority, which led one German schoolmaster to send him packing. Another declared that Einstein would never amount to much.　　"When I ask myself how it happened that discovered the relativity theory, it seemed to lie in the following circumstance," Einstein later explained. "The ordinary adult never bothers his head about the problems of space and time only when I was already grown up. I probed more deeply into the problem than an ordinary child would have. "　　Encouraged by his genial father, who ran a family business, and his music-loving mother, Einstein spent hours working on puzzles and building towers with boys. "Persistence and tenacity were part of his character," his sister remarked.　 Once, when Einstein was sick in bed as a preschooler, his father brought him a compass. Einstein later remembered being so excited as he examined its mysterious powers that he trembled and grew 01d. The magnetic needle behaved as if influenced by a hidden force field, rather than through a mechanical method of touch or contact. "Something deeply hidden had to be behind things," he said.　　He marveled at magnetic fields, gravity, inertia and light beams. He retained the ability to hold two thoughts in his mind simultaneously, to be puzzled when they conflicted and to delight when he saw an underlying unity. "People like you and me never grow old," he wrote a friend years later, when never cease to stand like curious children before the great mystery into which we were born.　　Contrary to widespread belief, Einstein excelled at math. By the age of 13, "he already had a predilection for solving problems in applied arithmetic," his sister recalled. An uncle, Jakob Einstein, an engineer, introduced him to the joys of algebra, calling it a "merry science," and whenever Einstein triumphed, he "was overcome with happiness. "At age 15, Einstein left Germany for northern Italy, where his parents relocated their business, and at 16, he wrote his first essay on theoretical physics. Einstein's discovery of special relativity, after he graduated from the Zurich Polytechnic in 1900, involved an intuition based on intellectual as well as personal experience. He developed the theory starting in 1905, after taking a job at the Swiss patent office. But his theory was not fully accepted until 1919, when observations made during a solar eclipse confirmed his prediction of how much the gravity of the sun would bend light beams.　　"Lights All Askew in the Heavens," The New York Times headlined. "Men of Science More or Less Agog Over Results of Eclipse Observations. Einstein Theory Triumphs. "　　At age 40, 1919, Einstein was suddenly world-famous. He was also married to Elsa, his second wife, and was the father of two sons from his first marriage. By spring 1921, his exploding global fame led to a grand two-month procession through parts of the United States, evoking mass frenzy. The world had never seen such a scientific celebrity superstar.　　Dozens of reporters and cameramen rushed aboard his ship. "I can't do that," Einstein protested when told he should lead a press conference. "It's like undressing in public. " But he could, and he did. After posing for pictures, he held a press briefing with all the wit and charm of a big-city mayor. When a reporter asked for one-sentence description of the theory of relativity, Einstein replied, "All my life I have been trying to get it in one sentence！" But he gave a simple overview: "It's a theory of space and time as far as physics is concerned which leads to a theory of gravitation. "　　A reporter asked Elsa if she understood relativity. "Oh, no," she replied. "It is not necessary to my happiness. "　　Later that week, some 10,000 spectators gathered outside the city hall to hear speeches. Einstein got a "tumultuous greeting. " As he left, "he was lifted to the shoulders of his colleagues in the automobile," New York Evening Post reported, "which passed through a roar of cheering voices. "　　On April 25, Einstein paid a visit to the White House to meet with President Warren G. Harding. Afterward he attended a reception at the National Academy of Sciences, where he listened to long, boring speeches. As the evening droned on, he turned to a Dutch diplomat and said, "I've just developed a new theory of eternity. "　　In Hartford, Connecticut, 15,000 spectators lined his parade route. In Cleveland, several thousand thronged the Union train depot, and a cadre of Jewish war veterans in uniform led a parade of 200 honking horns.　　Einstein loved America, appreciating that its bursts of exuberance were the result of freedom and individualism. In March 1933, with Hitler in power in Germany, Einstein realized he could no longer live in Europe. By that fall, he'd settled in Princeton, and by 1940, he was a naturalized citizen, proud to call himself an American.　　His first Halloween living in this country, Einstein disarmed some astonished trick-or-treaters@ by serenading them at the door with his violin. At Christmas, when members of a local church came by to sing carols, he stepped outside, borrowed a violin and merrily accompanied them.　　Einstein soon acquired an image, which grew into a near legend, of being a kindly professor, distracted at times but unfailingly sweet, who rarely combed his hair or wore socks. "I've reached an age when, if somebody tells me to wear socks, I don't have to," he told some local children.　　He had also adapted to the role Elsa played, that of a wife who could be both doing and demanding. He gave in to her nagging that he smoked too much, and on Thanksgiving bet her that he would be able to abstain from his pipe until the New Year.　　When she boasted of this to friends, Einstein grumbled, "I am no longer a slave to my pipe, but I am a slave to that woman. " He kept his word, but "he got up at daylight on New Year's morning, and he hasn't had his pipe out of his mouth except to eat and sleep," Elsa reported.　　The greatest source of friction for him came from Flexner's desire to protect him from publicity. Einstein once sent a letter with his return address as "Concentration Camp, Princeton. " He proposed ending his relationship with the institute if the meddling continued. Finally Einstein won his battle. Every day he'd shuffle freely from his house on Mercer Street to his office.　　He once helped a 15-year-old student, Henry Rosso, with a journalism class. Rosso's teacher had offered a top grade to anyone scoring an interview with the scientist, so Rosso showed up at the Einstein home, only to be rebuffed at the door. The milkman gave him a tip. Einstein walked a certain route each morning at 9.30. Rosso snuck out of school and accosted him.　　But the student, flummoxed, didn't know what to ask. So Einstein suggested questions about math. "I discovered that nature was constructed in a wonderful way, and our task is to find out （its） mathematical structure," Einstein explained about his own education. "It is a kind of faith that helped me through my whole life. "　　The interview earned Henry Rosso an A.

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