英語(yǔ)高級(jí)口譯崗位資格證書考試練習(xí)-閱讀300題

前言

　　《上海市英語(yǔ)中高級(jí)口譯崗位資格證書》考試是“緊缺人才培訓(xùn)工程”的項(xiàng)目之一，宗旨是為上海、長(zhǎng)三角地區(qū)和全國(guó)其他省市考核和遴選復(fù)合型英語(yǔ)口譯人才。自1995年3月開(kāi)考以來(lái)，已進(jìn)入第15個(gè)年頭。其間，考試規(guī)模不斷擴(kuò)大，累計(jì)參考人數(shù)已達(dá)到32萬(wàn)多人次；考試地區(qū)逐步外延，已從最初的上海擴(kuò)展到南京、蘇州、無(wú)錫、南通、揚(yáng)州、青島、煙臺(tái)、深圳、武漢、杭州、寧波、南昌等地。目前，該項(xiàng)考試已成為具有重要全國(guó)影響的外語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)考試項(xiàng)目、該考試的資格證書，也成為外資、合資企業(yè)，乃至國(guó)有大中型企業(yè)招聘人才的重要依據(jù)?！　⒓佑⒄Z(yǔ)高級(jí)口譯考試，取得其資格證書，除了要參加相應(yīng)的培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目，認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)教材之外，還需要輔之必要的練習(xí)，特別是在復(fù)習(xí)迎考階段，進(jìn)行一定量有針對(duì)性的練習(xí)，更能夠鞏固學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，理清復(fù)習(xí)脈絡(luò)，掌握解題技巧，提高考試成績(jī)?！　榱藵M足廣大參加《英語(yǔ)高級(jí)口譯崗位資格證書》考試的讀者的迫切需要，我們邀請(qǐng)上海數(shù)家著名培訓(xùn)學(xué)校的資深老師編寫了這套《英語(yǔ)高級(jí)口譯崗位資格證書考試練習(xí)》叢書。本套從書具有以下三個(gè)特點(diǎn)：　　第一，按照題型，分門別類。針對(duì)《英語(yǔ)高級(jí)口譯崗位資格證書考試》的題型，本套叢書分為四本，分別為《閱讀300題》、《翻譯300題》、《聽(tīng)力300題》和《口譯和口語(yǔ)300題》?？忌梢葬槍?duì)自己的弱項(xiàng)，強(qiáng)化專項(xiàng)練習(xí)，從而提高四個(gè)方面的技能，在考試中取得滿意的成績(jī)?！　〉诙?，題精量大，針對(duì)性強(qiáng)。本套叢書中的練習(xí)題既包蘊(yùn)了以往歷屆考試題的歷史軌跡，又反映了近年來(lái)乃至今后考試題的命題趨勢(shì)。本叢書的作者均為長(zhǎng)期工作在培訓(xùn)第一線的明星教師，對(duì)于考試的要求、考生的弱點(diǎn)、考題的規(guī)律了然于胸，題目的選取極具針對(duì)性。通過(guò)練習(xí)，考生將在聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫、譯五個(gè)方面都得到明顯的提高?！　〉谌?，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，時(shí)新實(shí)用。本套叢書的材料基本選自近期英語(yǔ)國(guó)家主流媒體的時(shí)文，結(jié)合考試實(shí)際，設(shè)計(jì)相應(yīng)練習(xí)。所有練習(xí)題均附參考答案，方便讀者自測(cè)自查?！堵?tīng)力300題》一書對(duì)其中的熱門詞匯均有注解；《翻譯300題》一書每一部分后有翻譯技巧小貼士，具有相當(dāng)?shù)膶?shí)用價(jià)值?！　　堕喿x300題》由林玫主編。全書分政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、健康、科技、文化五大類，每類包含閱讀理解和簡(jiǎn)答兩種題型。所有練習(xí)題均配答案和講解。本書的問(wèn)世，是通力合作的結(jié)果。特別要感謝張曦、曹志東、肖翰、劉彥星、張輝、王欣為本書付出的智慧和精力?！　　斗g300題》由張曦主編。全書由英譯漢和漢譯英各150篇組成，分別包括政治外交、經(jīng)濟(jì)金融、自然科學(xué)、經(jīng)典散文、名家演說(shuō)等部分，使讀者可以有的放矢、專項(xiàng)突破。本書編寫過(guò)程中得到了丁漢清、陳琳、李龍帥、楊丹、林玫、王欣的幫助，在此感謝?！　　堵?tīng)力300題》由李龍帥主編。本書按考試題型專項(xiàng)集中，針對(duì)性強(qiáng)：聽(tīng)力翻譯題解決筆記問(wèn)題；聽(tīng)寫題解決速記英文詞問(wèn)題；聽(tīng)力理解和新聞解決聽(tīng)力語(yǔ)音、詞匯、習(xí)語(yǔ)問(wèn)題。同時(shí)對(duì)于熱詞、難詞加以注解，給考生帶來(lái)便利。本書編寫過(guò)程中得到戚一川、陳文怡、郭琪、張曦、楊丹、林玫的鼎力支持，在此表示感謝。

內(nèi)容概要

本書根據(jù)《上海市英語(yǔ)高級(jí)口譯崗位資格證書》考試要求編寫，由資深授課教師精心選材，按內(nèi)容分社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、健康、科技、文化專題，閱讀材料難度和長(zhǎng)度均與考試形式相當(dāng)，旨在幫助讀者熟悉題型，集中訓(xùn)練，提高閱讀能力。為幫助讀者更好地理解文章，提高解題效率，答案部分提供了答案的線索提示，以突出重點(diǎn)，方便讀者對(duì)照自查?！队⒄Z(yǔ)高級(jí)口譯崗位資格證書考試練習(xí)·閱讀300題》可供參加高級(jí)口譯崗位資格證書考試人員考前復(fù)習(xí)使用。

書籍目錄

第一部分 分類閱讀　社會(huì)　經(jīng)濟(jì)　健康　科技　文化第二部分 練習(xí)答案　社會(huì)　經(jīng)濟(jì)　健康　科技　文化

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Text 1　　The international effort to stop piracy off Somalia has not worked and the effort clearly needs tobe stepped up into a higher gear.　　The resp9nse so far has been twofold., first, to assemble naval forces to try to stop the pirateson the high seas: second, to encourage a political settlement within the fractured state of Somalia toenable law and order to be established.　　The naval forces are growing all the time. There is already a small flotilla of warships in theregion from the US, UK, Canada, France, Turkey, Germany, Russia and India, among others.　　There has been some success. The warships have established a safe shipping lane and escortfood aid ships into Somalia. The Royal Navy recently shot and killed two pirates and capturedothers. The French staged a daring capture of pirates who had taken over a yacht. The Indian navyhas thwarted two attempted hijacks, though the pirates in both cases got away.　　And the European Union is about to launch its first naval action. It has approved OperationAtalanta, in which about eight ships will add their weight to the international effort.　　The problem these days, however, is that the operation is hemmed in by rules and regulations.　　In 1815 the American Cmdr Stephen Decatur, sent to stop the Barbary pirates in theMediterranean, simply captured the flagship of the Algerian Dey and forced a capitulation. When theDey later repudiated the agreement, the British and Dutch bombarded Algiers.　　These days, there is no question of a bombardment of the port of Eyl, the main pirate base onthe Somali coast. That might be the most effective response but it would require a UN SecurityCouncil resolution.　　There is a resolution （1838, passed in October） which authorises the use of "necessary means",meaning force if need be, to stop piracy in international waters. There is also another resolution（1816） which allows anti-pirate operations within Somali waters, but only with the agreement of theSomali transitional government.　　But even all these operations have to be conducted within international law, defined in this caseas the provisions of the UN Law of the Sea Convention.　　There has also been a legal opinion by the Foreign Office in London that captured pirates cannotnecessarily be sent back to whatever authorities can be found in Somalia, in case they are subject toharsh treatment. That would contravene the British Human Rights Act. The pirates captured in theRoyal Navy action have now been handed over not to Somalia, but Kenya.　　The Lawof the Sea Convention places limitations on daring action. Under Article 110 of theconvention a warship has first to send an officer-led party to board a suspected pirate ship to verifyany suspicions.　　The warship cannot just open fire. Any inspection has to be carried out "with all possibleconsideration". That sounds rather tentative.　　Maritime writer Dr David Cordingly, author of "Life among the Pirates",　says that,historically, firm measures were taken against pirates.　　"There would often be a show trial in London, Jamaica, Boston or Charleston," he said.　　"That was followed by a public hanging and the bodies would he left swinging on the gallows atthe entrance to harbours. Sailors would draw the conclusion that piracy was not a good careeroption. "　　"The authorities these days have a real problem because of international law.　There aremeasures ship owners can take like having fire hoses to aim at the pirates, acoustic devices to hurttheir hearing or electric fences but, as in the days of the Caribbean pirates, everything is on thepirates~ side. "　　"Modern pirates use very similar methods to the old. They shadow and then board theirvictims. They usually outnumber the small crew on board the ship. "　　"The difference is in what they do next. They used to remove the valuables and maybe abandonor kill the ship's crew. The pirates of the Caribbean did not seek ransom though the Barbary piratesdid, as the Somali pirates do. "　　"But the old ways of dealing with them are no longer possible. "　　As for the diplomatic effort on land, that is going even more slowly. Somalia is basically splitinto three.　　The capital, Mogadishu, is nominally under the control of a transitional government set up afteran Ethiopian-led intervention that removed the Union of Islamic Courts.　　Since then, a breakaway Islamist group known as al-Shabab has gained control of much of thesouth and centre of the country. An African Union peacekeeping force has been ineffective. Therehave been some calls for a larger UN force. Large parts of population survive on food aid.　　The pirates, however, are based further north, in Puntland, a semi-autonomous region, wherethe port of Eyl is the main pirate base.　　There is a president but he has either no power or no interest in stopping a lucrative form ofincome.　　Between the lack of decisive naval operations and the chaos on land, the pirates have thrived.1. Which of the following area witnesses the weakest political power？

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