特羅洛普

前言

　　世界文學(xué)史上不乏這樣的作家：他們有自己的職業(yè)，寫(xiě)作只是業(yè)余愛(ài)好。英國(guó)杰出小說(shuō)家安東尼·特羅洛普（1815—1882）就是一位“業(yè)余作家”，從1834年到1867年的三十多年時(shí)間里，他一直服務(wù)于英國(guó)的郵政部門(mén)，期間任愛(ài)爾蘭郵政稽查十余年，英國(guó)鄉(xiāng)間郵遞路線的設(shè)計(jì)，路邊鑄鐵圓柱形郵筒的推廣使用，莫不記載著他的勞績(jī)。這位郵政官員有個(gè)怪習(xí)，每天早上六點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)，不管靈感是否襲來(lái)，都是他雷打不動(dòng)的寫(xiě)作時(shí)間。他按部就班爬格子，數(shù)十年如一日，居然寫(xiě)下了47部小說(shuō)，成了維多利亞時(shí)期最多產(chǎn)的小說(shuō)家之一。特羅洛普作品的聲譽(yù)幾經(jīng)沉浮，現(xiàn)在終于取得經(jīng)典的地位，不過(guò)他在我國(guó)的名氣恐怕還遠(yuǎn)不能跟狄更斯、薩克雷、喬治·愛(ài)略特和勃朗特姐妹等人相比?！　√亓_洛普從19世紀(jì)40年代初開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作，頭兩部作品以愛(ài)爾蘭為背景，未引起英國(guó)讀書(shū)界重視，1855年，《巴徹斯特養(yǎng)老院》使他一舉成名。英國(guó)學(xué)者邁克爾·薩德利爾在20世紀(jì)20年代把特羅洛普小說(shuō)分為十類，第一類“巴塞特郡記事”，共六冊(cè)，出版時(shí)間從1855年直至1867年，《巴徹斯特養(yǎng)老院》就是該系列的第一部小說(shuō)?！鞍腿乜び浭隆倍忌婕坝?guó)教會(huì)和教區(qū)的日常生活，也稱教會(huì)小說(shuō)。就以《巴徹斯特養(yǎng)老院》來(lái)說(shuō)，它既暴露了教會(huì)內(nèi)部種種弊端以及個(gè)別既得利益者（如溫良的院長(zhǎng)哈丁先生和他貪婪的女婿、會(huì)吏長(zhǎng)格倫雷先生）之間巨大的反差，又讓人們警惕改革口號(hào)背后洶洶而來(lái)的不受制裁的自私勢(shì)力。　　巴塞特郡位于英格蘭西南部，純粹是作者虛構(gòu)出來(lái)的地方，使讀者聯(lián)想到哈代的“威塞克斯”（也在英格蘭西南部，與巴塞特郡相鄰）和福克納的“約克納帕塔法”。特羅洛普仿佛熟悉那里的每一條街巷和每一棟建筑，整天觀察那里的人物，并與他們交談，情意款洽。美國(guó)作家霍桑曾任美國(guó)駐利物浦領(lǐng)事，對(duì)英國(guó)社會(huì)文化頗多感受。他說(shuō)，特羅洛普的小說(shuō)是典型的英國(guó)特產(chǎn)，有實(shí)實(shí)在在的分量，“就好像一個(gè)巨人從地球上劈下一大塊地來(lái)，把它置放在一個(gè)玻璃匣子下。

內(nèi)容概要

　　《特羅洛普：動(dòng)態(tài)社會(huì)與小說(shuō)世界》試圖為西方學(xué)術(shù)界長(zhǎng)期爭(zhēng)論未果的“特羅洛普問(wèn)題”提供中國(guó)學(xué)者的詮釋。在立足于原著細(xì)讀的基礎(chǔ)上，《特羅洛普：動(dòng)態(tài)社會(huì)與小說(shuō)世界》從文學(xué)、社會(huì)、歷史的綜合角度，全面細(xì)致闡述特羅洛普在后期小說(shuō)創(chuàng)作中對(duì)于急劇變化的維多利亞時(shí)代中期一系列政治社會(huì)問(wèn)題所給予的深切人文關(guān)注，探討作家思想及其小說(shuō)世界的豐富性和復(fù)雜性。以大量翔實(shí)的作家生平自傳、書(shū)信、演講等為研究提供了富有說(shuō)服力的史料依據(jù)，是一部?jī)?nèi)容翔實(shí)、觀點(diǎn)獨(dú)到、研究透徹、文筆精彩的學(xué)術(shù)專著，可作為外國(guó)文學(xué)專業(yè)研究者和學(xué)生的參考書(shū)籍。

書(shū)籍目錄

序前言Notes on References Introduction Chapter 1An Autobiography ： Perceptions and Reflections Chapter 2Order and Mobility： A Dialectic Vision Chapter 3Idealism and Disillusionment： The Cost of Changing PoliticsChapter4Womens Position and Role： The Evolving Reality Conclusion Bibliography

章節(jié)摘錄

　　"It may not perhaps be truly asserted that Lord Chiltern answered thisdescription in every detail，but he combined so many of the qualities required that hiswife showed her discernment when she declared that he seemed to have been made tobe a Master of Hounds." （PR， I， 62）　　There is no mastery between Lord Chiltern and Violet. "She was so constitutedthat she had never allowed him or any man to be master of her heart， —— till she hadwith a full purpose given her heart away." （PF， 670） Their marriage is based onequality of individual worth and mutual respect. Just as Chiltern fully appreciatesViolets wisdom and individuality， so Violet respects his independent choice of anoccupation that suits him best and appreciates his whole-hearted devotion and energy.She understands Lord Chiltern as he is. "Oswald is a man full of energy， and with notouch of that affectation you described. As it is， he does work hard. No man worksharder..， and nobody could do it better than he does." （PR， I， 28） However， thereis no suggestion that the two have melted into one~ instead， with sufficient mutualrespect， they are independent individuals of an organic whole， playing in the sameorchestra rather than striking the same notes. 24 So， it is obvious that their marriage isboth a moral blessing to Chiltern and a most self-sufficient means for Violet’s self-fulfillment. The matrimonial harmony is mutually uplifting.　　Small wonder that Violet is one of the admirable Trollopian heroines most laudably estimated by other characters. Madame Goesler describes her as "the most independent girl I ever knew in my life" （PF， 406）. Lady Laura certainly seesastutely when she says to Phineas Finn that "[w] ith all her seeming frolic， VioletEffingham is very wise" （PF， 192）. Phineas Finn cannot help revealing his admiration when he says "What a beautiful creature she is！ And full of wit and grace and pleasantness." （PF， 223）. Lord Chiltern looks up to Violet as "the finest， sweetest， and grandest woman that ever the world had produced"（PF， 532）. Violet certainly deserves the praise and even worship of the men around her， particularly the one who changes to become a useful and steady man under her moral guidance.　　In Madame Max Goesler， we have another intelligent woman of exceptional individual charm and superior attributes， moral and intellectual. 2s Like Violet Effingham， Madame Goesler takes pride in being a woman. "We women have the best of it" （PM， I， 103）， thus she holds.

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