特羅洛普

前言

　　世界文學(xué)史上不乏這樣的作家：他們有自己的職業(yè)，寫作只是業(yè)余愛好。英國杰出小說家安東尼·特羅洛普（1815—1882）就是一位“業(yè)余作家”，從1834年到1867年的三十多年時間里，他一直服務(wù)于英國的郵政部門，期間任愛爾蘭郵政稽查十余年，英國鄉(xiāng)間郵遞路線的設(shè)計，路邊鑄鐵圓柱形郵筒的推廣使用，莫不記載著他的勞績。這位郵政官員有個怪習(xí)，每天早上六點到九點，不管靈感是否襲來，都是他雷打不動的寫作時間。他按部就班爬格子，數(shù)十年如一日，居然寫下了47部小說，成了維多利亞時期最多產(chǎn)的小說家之一。特羅洛普作品的聲譽幾經(jīng)沉浮，現(xiàn)在終于取得經(jīng)典的地位，不過他在我國的名氣恐怕還遠不能跟狄更斯、薩克雷、喬治·愛略特和勃朗特姐妹等人相比?！　√亓_洛普從19世紀(jì)40年代初開始寫作，頭兩部作品以愛爾蘭為背景，未引起英國讀書界重視，1855年，《巴徹斯特養(yǎng)老院》使他一舉成名。英國學(xué)者邁克爾·薩德利爾在20世紀(jì)20年代把特羅洛普小說分為十類，第一類“巴塞特郡記事”，共六冊，出版時間從1855年直至1867年，《巴徹斯特養(yǎng)老院》就是該系列的第一部小說。“巴塞特郡記事”都涉及英國教會和教區(qū)的日常生活，也稱教會小說。就以《巴徹斯特養(yǎng)老院》來說，它既暴露了教會內(nèi)部種種弊端以及個別既得利益者（如溫良的院長哈丁先生和他貪婪的女婿、會吏長格倫雷先生）之間巨大的反差，又讓人們警惕改革口號背后洶洶而來的不受制裁的自私勢力?！　“腿乜の挥谟⒏裉m西南部，純粹是作者虛構(gòu)出來的地方，使讀者聯(lián)想到哈代的“威塞克斯”（也在英格蘭西南部，與巴塞特郡相鄰）和?？思{的“約克納帕塔法”。特羅洛普仿佛熟悉那里的每一條街巷和每一棟建筑，整天觀察那里的人物，并與他們交談，情意款洽。美國作家霍桑曾任美國駐利物浦領(lǐng)事，對英國社會文化頗多感受。他說，特羅洛普的小說是典型的英國特產(chǎn)，有實實在在的分量，“就好像一個巨人從地球上劈下一大塊地來，把它置放在一個玻璃匣子下。

內(nèi)容概要

　　《特羅洛普：動態(tài)社會與小說世界》試圖為西方學(xué)術(shù)界長期爭論未果的“特羅洛普問題”提供中國學(xué)者的詮釋。在立足于原著細讀的基礎(chǔ)上，《特羅洛普：動態(tài)社會與小說世界》從文學(xué)、社會、歷史的綜合角度，全面細致闡述特羅洛普在后期小說創(chuàng)作中對于急劇變化的維多利亞時代中期一系列政治社會問題所給予的深切人文關(guān)注，探討作家思想及其小說世界的豐富性和復(fù)雜性。以大量翔實的作家生平自傳、書信、演講等為研究提供了富有說服力的史料依據(jù)，是一部內(nèi)容翔實、觀點獨到、研究透徹、文筆精彩的學(xué)術(shù)專著，可作為外國文學(xué)專業(yè)研究者和學(xué)生的參考書籍。

書籍目錄

序前言Notes on References Introduction Chapter 1An Autobiography ： Perceptions and Reflections Chapter 2Order and Mobility： A Dialectic Vision Chapter 3Idealism and Disillusionment： The Cost of Changing PoliticsChapter4Womens Position and Role： The Evolving Reality Conclusion Bibliography

章節(jié)摘錄

　　"It may not perhaps be truly asserted that Lord Chiltern answered thisdescription in every detail，but he combined so many of the qualities required that hiswife showed her discernment when she declared that he seemed to have been made tobe a Master of Hounds." （PR， I， 62）　　There is no mastery between Lord Chiltern and Violet. "She was so constitutedthat she had never allowed him or any man to be master of her heart， —— till she hadwith a full purpose given her heart away." （PF， 670） Their marriage is based onequality of individual worth and mutual respect. Just as Chiltern fully appreciatesViolets wisdom and individuality， so Violet respects his independent choice of anoccupation that suits him best and appreciates his whole-hearted devotion and energy.She understands Lord Chiltern as he is. "Oswald is a man full of energy， and with notouch of that affectation you described. As it is， he does work hard. No man worksharder..， and nobody could do it better than he does." （PR， I， 28） However， thereis no suggestion that the two have melted into one~ instead， with sufficient mutualrespect， they are independent individuals of an organic whole， playing in the sameorchestra rather than striking the same notes. 24 So， it is obvious that their marriage isboth a moral blessing to Chiltern and a most self-sufficient means for Violet’s self-fulfillment. The matrimonial harmony is mutually uplifting.　　Small wonder that Violet is one of the admirable Trollopian heroines most laudably estimated by other characters. Madame Goesler describes her as "the most independent girl I ever knew in my life" （PF， 406）. Lady Laura certainly seesastutely when she says to Phineas Finn that "[w] ith all her seeming frolic， VioletEffingham is very wise" （PF， 192）. Phineas Finn cannot help revealing his admiration when he says "What a beautiful creature she is！ And full of wit and grace and pleasantness." （PF， 223）. Lord Chiltern looks up to Violet as "the finest， sweetest， and grandest woman that ever the world had produced"（PF， 532）. Violet certainly deserves the praise and even worship of the men around her， particularly the one who changes to become a useful and steady man under her moral guidance.　　In Madame Max Goesler， we have another intelligent woman of exceptional individual charm and superior attributes， moral and intellectual. 2s Like Violet Effingham， Madame Goesler takes pride in being a woman. "We women have the best of it" （PM， I， 103）， thus she holds.

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