英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者口語(yǔ)交際能力研究

出版時(shí)間:2009-10  出版社:上海交通大學(xué)出版社  作者:甄鳳超  頁(yè)數(shù):270  字?jǐn)?shù):335000  

前言

  對(duì)于把英語(yǔ)作為外語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō),其他產(chǎn)出性或接受性語(yǔ)言能力(如寫(xiě)作能力、閱讀能力等)的提高未必能保證口語(yǔ)交際能力的提高,原因是口語(yǔ)交際能力除了發(fā)音技巧之外,還包含使用交互策略等能力。然而,同閱讀、寫(xiě)作以及詞匯學(xué)習(xí)等研究相比,對(duì)于學(xué)習(xí)者口語(yǔ)的研究還較欠缺,主要是由于口語(yǔ)交際屬于瞬息性活動(dòng),并且難以保證學(xué)習(xí)者口語(yǔ)交際樣本數(shù)據(jù)的有效性。此外,研究者通常把研究書(shū)面語(yǔ)的模式應(yīng)用到對(duì)口語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料的研究中。學(xué)習(xí)者英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的開(kāi)發(fā)為研究學(xué)習(xí)者的口語(yǔ)提供了大量真實(shí)語(yǔ)料。本書(shū)基于“大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)者英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)”(College Learners’Spoken English Corpus,簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)COLSEC),試圖從定量和定性的角度分析中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)者的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)特征?! 』谇叭说睦碚摵蛯?shí)證研究,本書(shū)假設(shè)學(xué)習(xí)者的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)交際能力同他們的總體語(yǔ)言能力水平呈正相關(guān),并包括以下主要成分:圖式知識(shí)、語(yǔ)言能力、語(yǔ)用能力和策略能力。語(yǔ)言能力,作為學(xué)習(xí)者一種較為隱合的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu),不僅包括語(yǔ)音、詞匯和語(yǔ)法知識(shí),還包括預(yù)構(gòu)成語(yǔ)塊的知識(shí)。預(yù)構(gòu)成語(yǔ)塊作為詞匯與語(yǔ)法的結(jié)合體,其使用更加符合口語(yǔ)交際的特點(diǎn)。此外,圖式知識(shí)的測(cè)量需要精密的心理試驗(yàn),本書(shū)不可能做詳細(xì)考察。語(yǔ)料庫(kù)關(guān)鍵詞提取的方法可以考查學(xué)生部分圖式知識(shí)的詞語(yǔ)表現(xiàn)。因此,本書(shū)重點(diǎn)考察口語(yǔ)交際能力中的四種重要成分:使用預(yù)構(gòu)成語(yǔ)塊的能力、通過(guò)目的語(yǔ)運(yùn)用圖式知識(shí)的能力、語(yǔ)用能力和策略能力。主要研究問(wèn)題包括:該四種能力如何影響學(xué)習(xí)者的口語(yǔ)交際?不同口語(yǔ)交際能力水平的學(xué)習(xí)者在四種能力方面的表現(xiàn)有何異同?學(xué)習(xí)者英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)具有什么顯著特征?本書(shū)采取分層隨機(jī)抽樣的方法,從COLSEC中提出150名學(xué)習(xí)者的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料,并按照大學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試口語(yǔ)成績(jī)的高低將他們分為A、B和C三組,分別代表三種不同的口語(yǔ)交際能力水平。本書(shū)重點(diǎn)考察三組學(xué)習(xí)者在四個(gè)能力方面的異同,進(jìn)而發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)特征。

內(nèi)容概要

本書(shū)從語(yǔ)料庫(kù)語(yǔ)言學(xué)角度,著重探討了中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)者英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)交際能力的四個(gè)重要成分:使用預(yù)構(gòu)成語(yǔ)塊的能力、通過(guò)目的語(yǔ)運(yùn)用圖式知識(shí)的能力、語(yǔ)用能力和策略能力?;凇按髮W(xué)學(xué)習(xí)者英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)”,本書(shū)從上述四個(gè)緯度對(duì)比分析了不同口語(yǔ)交際能力水平的學(xué)習(xí)者之間及與英語(yǔ)母語(yǔ)者之間的差異,發(fā)現(xiàn)中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)者英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的特征和問(wèn)題。書(shū)中所提出的觀(guān)點(diǎn)、概念、方法以及研究發(fā)現(xiàn)為學(xué)習(xí)者英語(yǔ)研究、二語(yǔ)習(xí)得研究、外語(yǔ)教學(xué)研究提供了有價(jià)值的信息。

書(shū)籍目錄

Chapter 1  Introduction 1.1  Motivations for the book 1.2  Research objectives 1.3  Outline of the bookChapter 2  Critical Discussion of the Previous Studies on Learner Language 2.1  Changes in current linguistic and SLA research 2.2  Main features of CLC data 2.3  Methodological approaches to CLC research  2.4  Studies based on learner corpora  2.5  Conversation analysis  2.6  Communicative competence  2.7  ConclusionChapter 3  Defining Oral Communicative Ability  3.1  Features of oral communication  3.2  Accuracy, fluency and appropriacy  3.3  Four essential components  3.4  ConclusionChapter 4  Research Methodology  4.1  The COLSEC  4.2  The data in the book  4.3  Methods for data extraction and processing  4.4  SummaryChapter 5  Findings and Analysis (1):Productive Vocabulary Size and the Ability to Use PCsChapter 6  Findings and Analysis (2):the Ability to Manipulate SchemataChapter 7  Findings and Analysis (3):Pragmatic Competence and Strategic CompetenceChapter 8  ConclusionAppendicesReferences

章節(jié)摘錄

  Another example is An Automated Approach to the Phrasicon of EEL Learners by Cock, Granger, Leech&McEnery (1998). It is commonly observed that although the language produced by advanced learners is largely free of errors, it remains foreign sounding. A reasonable hypothesis made by Kjellmer (1991) is that in learners production the building material is individual bricks (words) rather than prefabricated sections (lexicalized phrases). In other words, the learners primarily operate on the "open-choice principle" rather than the "idiom principle" (Sinclair, 1991). There is a growing consensus among many researchers that prefabricated expressions rather than individual words play a predominant role in the production of both written and spoken language. NSs heavily rely on prefabs particularly in oral production unfolding in real time. As Granger (1998) puts it, "this reliance allows speakers to play for time, enabling them to speak without too much hesitation or too many pauses and consequently to avoid too much non-fluency" (p. 67). Cock et al. (1998) use a matched set of 25 transcribed learner (French) and NS university admission interviews to examine the spoken phrasicon of adult advanced EFL learners to validate Kjellmer s hypothesis. They use McEnery s automatic phrase extraction program Tuples to extract all recurrent word combinations of a given length and frequency in the two corpora. Tuples output is thus two long lists of all the recurrent phrases in the two corpora accompanied by counts and basic statistics. This study reveals a striking finding that these advanced EFL learners of French MT do use prefabs, and in some cases even more prefabs than English NS. This finding to some extent goes against Kjellmer s hypothesis. However, what distinguishes the learners from the NSs is the small number of prefabs these learners have at their disposal and the extent to which these prefabs are used and overused.

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