研究生英語寫作教程

內(nèi)容概要

《研究生英語寫作教程》編寫組依據(jù)對中國高校本科生和研究生英語寫作的多年分析和研究，認為大部分中國學(xué)生，盡管經(jīng)過十多年的英語學(xué)習(xí)，有豐富的詞匯和基本的語法知識，但英語寫作技能仍比較薄弱，普遍存在雙語“互譯”現(xiàn)象。為此，本《教程》圍繞學(xué)術(shù)英語寫作技能，從樣篇、寫作技能、例文、練習(xí)和篇章閱讀等方面組織學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容，以滿足研究生教育和英語學(xué)習(xí)的特殊需要，以及中高級英語學(xué)習(xí)者寫作技能訓(xùn)練的需要。    本《教程》的主要適用對象為非英語專業(yè)研究生，因此，在整合基礎(chǔ)寫作技能知識的同時，主要以傳輸學(xué)術(shù)英語寫作技能知識和提供實戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練為主，旨在以英語學(xué)術(shù)語篇的實證性和邏輯性特征培養(yǎng)研究生研究型和發(fā)現(xiàn)型學(xué)習(xí)階段的學(xué)術(shù)思維能力；從學(xué)術(shù)篇章的結(jié)構(gòu)、詞句規(guī)律、連貫和銜接手段等方面培養(yǎng)研究生的學(xué)術(shù)英語意識，訓(xùn)練學(xué)術(shù)交流和創(chuàng)造性語言應(yīng)用的能力。    本《教程》由十章組成，每章涉及學(xué)術(shù)英語說明文和論說文寫作的結(jié)構(gòu)和技能，由寫作基礎(chǔ)知識、樣篇和例文、練習(xí)和篇章閱讀等部分組成。第一章包括主題的一致和連貫、銜接、英語篇章的主要特征以及段落的結(jié)構(gòu)和寫作。第二章到第四章分述英語篇章的時間、空間、例證、對比、因果、定義、分類和論證的謀篇技巧、特征和訓(xùn)練，同時也涵蓋了過渡、連貫和銜接、句式和用詞等具體的寫作技能訓(xùn)練。第五章到第十章編排了與學(xué)術(shù)研究和交流相關(guān)的應(yīng)用寫作部分，培養(yǎng)研究生撰寫論文摘要、參考文獻、讀書報告、文獻綜述、前言等方面的應(yīng)用技能。    每章內(nèi)容依據(jù)樣篇和例文對寫作知識和技能進行實證性分析和描述。樣篇和例證來自編寫組對歷年大學(xué)英語四、六級以及歷年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語真題閱讀理解語篇和媒體英語語篇的認真分析和采集。實證性的語篇分析和寫作訓(xùn)練符合實踐性技能學(xué)習(xí)和教學(xué)的規(guī)律。    為鞏固和訓(xùn)練英語寫作技能，本《教程》從連貫和銜接、句式變化、篇章寫作和診斷性習(xí)作分析等方面編排練習(xí)內(nèi)容，以期從基本技能訓(xùn)練發(fā)展綜合英語寫作能力。為鞏固和豐富研究生學(xué)術(shù)寫作的語言知識，每章安排了兩篇閱讀文章。    本《教程》是編寫組對寧波大學(xué)近十屆研究生英語寫作課程和技能連續(xù)跟蹤調(diào)查研究的成果。教材內(nèi)容的選取和編排充分考慮了中國學(xué)生的知識表征和外語習(xí)得規(guī)律，依照心理語言學(xué)和認知語言學(xué)的外語學(xué)習(xí)觀，優(yōu)化了教材內(nèi)容。

書籍目錄

Chapter One English Paragraphs  Model Composition  The Topic Sentence  Cohesion  Unity and Coherence  Paragraph Writing  Transitions  The Composition Outline  Exercise  Reading TaskChapter Two The Chronological Paragraph  Model Composition  Chronological Paragraph Development  Change of Words and Varieties in Sentence Openings, Structure and Length  Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing  Linking Paragraphs Together  Preface or Foreword  Exercise  Reading TaskChapter Three The Spatial Paragraph  Model Composition  Spatial Paragraph Development  Writing in Specific Terms  Transitions for Spatial Development  Innovative and Flexible Use of Words  Abstract Writing  Exercise  Reading TaskChapter Four The Expository Paragraph Developed by Examples  Model Composition  Expository Paragraph Development by Examples  Nominalization in Academic Writings  Transitions for Expository Development  Introductory Paragraphs  Bibliography  Exercise  Reading TaskChapter Five The Expository Composition Developed by Comparison and Contrast ,  Model Composition  Composition Development by Comparison and Contrast  Transitions for Comparison and Contrast  Active and Passive Voice  Technical Writing: Reports  Exercise  Reading TaskChapter Six The Expository Composition Developed by Cause and Effect  Model Composition  Composition Development by Cause and Effect  Writing a Conclusion  Synonyms and Near-meaning Words as Transitions  Noun Modifiers and Noun Compound in Scientific and Technical English  Exercise  Reading TaskChapter Seven The Expository Composition Developed by Definition  Model Composition  Composition Development by Definition  Force in Writing  Writing a Book Report  Parallelism  Subordination  Exercise  Reading TaskChapter Eight The Expository Composition Developed by Logical Division  Model Composition  Expository Composition Development by Logical Division  Rhetoric Question……Chapter Nine The Expository Compository Composition Developed by ProcessChapter Ten The Argumentative CompositionReferences

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Geneva for three days last week but failed to agree on a blueprintThe conference collapsed two days ahead of its scheduled close，preceded by a walkout by Indian Commerce Minister inotest against the talks”futility The breakdown was hardly unexpected，as it was clear that few members were ready to relax the rigid position they had held for the past two yearsWhile WTO opponents used the collapse to endorse the view that globalization was in crisis again，others said any hopes for an agreement at this“miniministerial”conferenceon reducing farm subsidies and import tariffs for agriculture and industrial products as a part of the Doha round on multilateral trade，were overly optimistic anyway Not only have the WT0 talks entered the most complex phase of negotiations，where unanimous agreements are difficult to arrive at，but the time may have come to scale down the ambitions of the member countries “It is ridiculous to assume that the Doha round can be concluded so easily and within just a few years”，says head of the Center for WT0 Studies at the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade“The last two rounds of negotiations，the Tokyo round that began in 1973 and the Uruguay round that began in 1986，carried on for six years and seven years respectively，when developing countries were not involvedBut the Doha round that started in 200 1 has all contentious issues thrown in and now involves the developing countriesIt would be unduly optimistic then to expect that a round as complex as the Doha round could be concluded in barely three or five years”　　The meeting started in Geneva last week。with WT0 members including the European Union，the United States，India and Brazil，to craft a blueprint for a global treaty by the end of 2006 that would cut trade barriers across various sectors，from agriculture to services，wrapping up the so-called Doha round of talksBut sharp differences between developed countries——especially the US，and the developing countries，led by India and Brazil，led to failure as members refused to show flexibility and clung to their original positions While the US refused to reduce farm subsidies to the levels demanded by the developing countries like India。Brazil and China（members of the socalled G20），the EU stance also was an obstacle：it offered just a 50％cut in its agriculture tariffs instead of 64％suggested by the US　　On other hand，India and Brazil，which represented the developing countries in the negotiations，were upset because the US，instead of talking about reducing subsidies，actually wanted to increase them while at the same time insisting that developing countries open their　　markets to industrial products “They were willing to offer$1 95 billion on farm subsidies and even demanded the flexibility to go up to$225 billion。so the US was going in the reverse direction”According　to him，the G20 had proposed that the US should bring down its farm subsidy levels to$1 2~~1 3　billionThe developing countries were thus forced“to take a tough stand and quit”.

編輯推薦

　　《研究生英語能力拓展系列教材：研究生英語寫作教程》的主要適用對象為非英語專業(yè)研究生，因此，在整合基礎(chǔ)寫作技能知識的同時，主要以傳輸學(xué)術(shù)英語寫作技能知識和提供實戰(zhàn)訓(xùn)練為主，旨在以英語學(xué)術(shù)語篇的實證性和邏輯性特征培養(yǎng)研究生研究型和發(fā)現(xiàn)型學(xué)習(xí)階段的學(xué)術(shù)思維能力；從學(xué)術(shù)篇章的結(jié)構(gòu)、詞句規(guī)律、連貫和銜接手段等方面培養(yǎng)研究生的學(xué)術(shù)英語意識，訓(xùn)練學(xué)術(shù)交流和創(chuàng)造性語言應(yīng)用的能力。

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