膠體、液滴和細(xì)胞

前言

　　大學(xué)最重要的功能是向社會輸送人才，大學(xué)對于一個國家、民族乃至世界的重要性和貢獻(xiàn)度，很大程度上是通過畢業(yè)生在社會各領(lǐng)域所取得的成就來體現(xiàn)的?！　≈袊茖W(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)建校只有短短的50年，之所以迅速成為享有較高國際聲譽(yù)的著名大學(xué)之一，主要就是因?yàn)樗囵B(yǎng)出了一大批德才兼?zhèn)涞膬?yōu)秀畢業(yè)生。他們志向高遠(yuǎn)、基礎(chǔ)扎實(shí)、綜合素質(zhì)高、創(chuàng)新能力強(qiáng)，在國內(nèi)外科技、經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育等領(lǐng)域做出了杰出的貢獻(xiàn)，為中國科大贏得了“科技英才的搖籃”的美譽(yù)?！　?008年9月，胡錦濤總書記為中國科大建校五十周年發(fā)來賀信，信中稱贊說：半個世紀(jì)以來，中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)依托中國科學(xué)院，按照全院辦校、所系結(jié)合的方針，弘揚(yáng)紅專并進(jìn)、理實(shí)交融的校風(fēng)，努力推進(jìn)教學(xué)和科研工作的改革創(chuàng)新，為黨和國家培養(yǎng)了一大批科技人才，取得了一系列具有世界先進(jìn)水平的原創(chuàng)性科技成果，為推動我國科教事業(yè)發(fā)展和社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。　　據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，中國科大迄今已畢業(yè)的5萬人中，已有42人當(dāng)選中國科學(xué)院和中國工程院院士，是同期（自1963年以來）畢業(yè)生中當(dāng)選院士數(shù)最多的高校之一。其中，本科畢業(yè)生中平均每1，000人就產(chǎn)生1名院士和。700多名碩士、博士，比例位居全國高校之首。還有眾多的中青年才俊成為我國科技、企業(yè)、教育等領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)軍人物和骨干。在歷年評選的“中國青年五四獎?wù)隆鲍@得者中，作為科技界、科技創(chuàng)新型企業(yè)界青年才俊代表，科大畢業(yè)生已連續(xù)多年榜上有名，獲獎總?cè)藬?shù)位居全國高校前列。鮮為人知的是，有數(shù)千名優(yōu)秀畢業(yè)生踏上國防戰(zhàn)線，為科技強(qiáng)軍做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)，涌現(xiàn)出20多名科技將軍和一大批國防科技中堅(jiān)。

內(nèi)容概要

本書介紹了有關(guān)膠體及微流體的一些前沿研究內(nèi)容，展示了最新的微、納米水平上的實(shí)驗(yàn)和觀察方法，有助于讀者學(xué)習(xí)如何分析材料微觀結(jié)構(gòu)對宏觀物理規(guī)律影響的現(xiàn)代研究方法。該書在內(nèi)容上分為兩部分，第一部分是膠體及微流體基本規(guī)律；第二部分介紹生物膠體的保存方法。

書籍目錄

Preface to the USTC Alumni's SeriesPreface  Chapter 1  What Are Colloids?  　1.1  Colloids and the atoms: counting the atoms　1.2  Micro-rheology  Probe the material properties at microscopic level　1.3  Laser tweezers--Apply external force to nanoparticles　1.4  Colloids　　1.4.1  Miniature of the physical world and tangible .models of the atomic world　　1.4 2  lnteligent" colloids  Chapter 2  Colloids and Phase Transitions  　2.1  The hard sphere model　　2.1.1  The van der Waals picture of fluids　　2.1.2  Close packing of spheres as the principle of crystal structure　　2.1 3  Hard sphere model for disorder-order transit'ion　2.2  Model colloidal hard sphere systems  　　2 2.1  Minimizing van der Waals interaction by refractive index  matching　　2 2.2  Stabilization　　2.2.3  Model Colloidal Hard Spheres　2.3  Properties of hard sphere dispersions　　2.3.1  Phase behavior　　2.3.2  Equation of state continuing Perrin's measurement at higher 　concentrations)　　 2.3.3  Rheology of the fluid and metastable fluid states　　 2.3.4  Crystal structures　　 2.3.5  Crystallization kinetics　 2.4  Colloids in space  　　 2.4.1  Surprising observations　　 2.4.2  Crystallization kinetics　 2.5  Confocal Imaging: Catch the critical nucleus　 2.6  How well do we understand nucleation?　 2.7  Applications of colloidal crystals　 2.8  Single crystal growth in a temperature gradient Chapter 3  Microfluidics　 3.1  Make emulsions drop by drop　 3.2  Emulsion crystallization to measure the nucleation rate of  colloidal crystallization　 3.3  Living cell encapsulation　　 3.3.1  Colloidosomes　　 3.3.2  Layer by layer coating　　 3.3.3  Agarose droplets generation　　 3.3.4  Yeast cell encapsulation　　 3 3.5  Tailor the transport property of the microencapsules by LbL  coating　　3.3.6  Enhancement of the mechanical stability of the microencapsules by hand-particle coating (Colloidosomes)　3.4  Cell manipulation by microfluidicsChapter 4  Biocoiloids　4.1  Biocolloids　4.2  The cell volume change before freezing　　4.2.1  The equilibrium volume ofacell　　4.2.2  The non-equilibrium volume of a cell　4.3  The change of cell volume during cooling/freezing　　4.3 1  Rapid cooling　　4.3.2  Slow cooling　　4.3.3  Optimal cooling　　4.3 4  Modeling the volumetric response of a cell to freezing　4.4  Other mechanisms of cryoinjury……Reference

章節(jié)摘錄

　　There are many pioneers in this field who have promoted importantdevelopments to freeze-drying in the last 60 years. Owing to efforts of EarlFlosdorf， Ronald Greaves， and Francois Henalff ， the massive production offreeze-dried human plasma was used extensively during World War II whichhad saved many lives. Sir Ernst Boris Chain， the Nobel Laureate forpenicillin， introduced freeze-drying for the preparation of antibiotics andsensitive biochemicals. Charles Merieux opened .wide new area for theindustrial production of sera and vaccines.　　Recently， some progresses have been made in freeze drying blood cells.In 1993， Sowermimo and Goodrich have firstly reported thathydroxyethyl starch （HES）， glucose and their mixtures are new alternative of"bulking" agents of dried red blood cells. With liposomes as a model， Crowe -JH studied effects of HES and glucose on membrane stability， finding thatboth glass formation and depression of Tm in the dry lipids are required.　　Weinstein et al. investigated the effects of rehydrated erythrocyteafter freeze drying by re-infusing them into the original donors， anddiscovered that the cells survive normally in the circulation with no adverseclinical effects except some slight decrease of deformability. Sowemimo etal. studied on the performance when the rehydrated， lyophilized humanred cells are stored at 4~C. Goodrich Jr et al. studied the possibility oflyophilizing RBC in a manner that maintains normal metabolic and enzymaticfunctions upon rehydration.

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