視覺科學(xué)

內(nèi)容概要

本書收納了中科大校友的25篇關(guān)于視覺科學(xué)的代表性文章。書的內(nèi)容主要分為兩大部分：Ⅰ，視覺神經(jīng)科學(xué)；Ⅱ，視覺感知與認知。其中，第一部分中的ⅠA部分（皮層前的處理過程）總共包含六章，分別涉及光感受器退化疾病的恢復(fù)、視皮層-頂蓋系統(tǒng)的改變、視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)節(jié)細胞與外膝體細胞的感受野特性以及視皮層對外膝體的反饋作用；ⅠB部分（皮層中的處理過程）用九章的篇幅涵蓋了視皮層對圖像和運動的處理、視皮層中視空間的映射和皮層反應(yīng)特性的關(guān)系、注意的作用、知覺學(xué)習(xí)以及衰老對視皮層處理的影響等內(nèi)容；ⅠC部分（眼動系統(tǒng)）中的三章內(nèi)容重點介紹了眼動神經(jīng)元的反應(yīng)特性和眼動指令信號的可靠性。第二部分包括七章，介紹了基本的視覺感知過程，如早期視覺通路中的分辨能力、對距離的感知、對等亮度條件下彩色運動圖形的感知、對拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)的感知以及特征分類等。此外，還涉及計算視覺、視覺工作記憶和蜜蜂的決策制定等主題。

書籍目錄

Preface to the USTC Alumni's SeriesThe History and Current Status of Vision Research at USTCPrefaceSection Ⅰ Visual Neurosciences　Pre-cortical Processing　Chapter 1  Rapid BDNF-induced Retrograde Synaptic Modification in A Developing Retinotectal System　Chapter 2  Ectopic Expression of A Microbial-Type Rhodopsin Restores Visual Responses in Mice with Photoreceptor Degeneration　Chapter 3  Organized Arrangement of Orientation-Sensitive Relay Cells in the Cat's Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus　Chapter 4  The Nucleus Isthmi and Dual Modulation of the Receptive Field of Tectal Neurons in Non-mammals　Chapter 5  Direct Visualization of the Dendritic and Receptive Fields of Directionally Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells　Chapter 6  Functional Alignment of Feedback Effects from Visual Cortex to Thalamus　Chapter 7  Perceptual Learning and Top Down Influences in Primary Visual Cortex　Chapter 8  A Processing Stream in Mammalian Visual Cortex Neurons for Non-Fourier Responses　Chapter 9  GABA and Its Agonists Improved Visual Cortical Function in Senescent Monkeys　Chapter 10  Pattern and Component Motion Selectivity in Cortical Area PMLS of The Cat　Chapter 11  Feature-based Attention Modulates Orientation-selective Responses in Human Visual Cortex　Chapter 12  Filling-in of Visual Phantoms in The Human Brain　Chapter 13  Categorization Training Results in Shape- and Category- Selective Human Neural Plasticity　Chapter 14  Reversible Blockade of Experience-dependent Plasticity by Calcineurin in Mouse Visual Cortex　Chapter 15  The Coordinated Mapping of Visual Space and Response  Features in Visual Cortex The Ocular-motor System　Chapter 16  Characteristics of Near Response Cells Projecting to the Oculomotor Nucleus　Chapter 17  Premotor Commands Encode Monocular Eye MovementsChapter 18  Reliability of Oculomotor Command Signals Carried by Individual NeuronsSection Ⅱ Visual Perception & Cognition　Chapter 19  Orientation-selective Adaptation and Tilt After-effect From Invisible Patterns　Chapter 20  Perceiving Distance Accurately by A Directional Process of Integrating Ground Information　Chapter 21  Topological Structure in Visual Perception　Chapter 22  The Mechanism of Isoluminant Chromatic Motion Perception　Chapter 23  Primal Sketch: Integrating Structure and Texture　Chapter 24  Parallel and Competitive Processes in Hierarchical Analysis: Perceptual Grouping and Encoding of Closure　Chapter 25  Visual Working Memory in Decision Making by Honey Bees

章節(jié)摘錄

　　These authors find a preponderance of LGNdcells preferring horizontal and vertical stimuli and suggest that cortical afferents areinvolved in the generation of LGNd orientation sensitivity （see also Daniels et al.，1977）. Other authors report that the orientation biases of LGNd relay cells strictlyreflect those of their retinal afferents （Soodak et al.， 1987）. These authors favorthe idea that the orientation sensitivity of LGNd relay cells originates in the retinaand reflects the anatomically generated （Leventhal and Schall， 1983）， linear，orientation-sensitive response （Levick and Thibos， 1982） of the retinal ganglioncells providing their afferents.　　The present study is arguably the most exhaustive to date. We believe thatsome of the disagreements described above are more apparent than real andmay have resulted because previous studies included only relatively smallsamples of cells and， thus， differences in laminar location， eccentricity， polarangle， cell type could not be adequately controlled. For example， our findingsthat relay cells preferring different orientations are clustered and that radialand tangential orientations are overrepresented makes claims regarding theoverall distribution of preferred orientations based upon small samples of cellsespecially hard to interpret. For example， if cells are recorded mainly fromregions of the LGNd subserving the horizontal and vertical meridians， then anapparent preponderance of these orientations should result. Our finding thatthe radial bias is strongest in regions of the LGNd subserving the horizontalmeridian further complicates matters.　　It should be noted that our results are generally consistent with the ideathat the orientation-sensitive response of most LGNd cells is a direct reflectionof their retinal inputs （Soodak et al.， 1987）. Evidence for this stems from ourfinding that the overall distributions of the orientation biases of LGNd cells aresimilar to those reported previously for retinal ganglion cells （Levick andThibos， 1982; Leventhal and Schall， 1983） and that the receptive fields ofmost of the cells we studied were consistent with the model proposed by Soodaket al. （1987）. Our results do not support the idea （Vidyasagar and Urbas，1982; Vidyasagar， 1984） that LGNd relay cells are much more orientationsensitive than their retinal inputs. However， it should be noted that some ofthe most orientation-sensitive cells we studied exhibited "butterfly-shaped"orientation tuning curves even at relatively low spatial frequencies. A number

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　　《中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)校友文庫》之《視覺科學(xué)》一書主要收納了中科大校友的25篇關(guān)于視覺科學(xué)的代表性文章。書的內(nèi)容主要分為兩大部分：Ⅰ，視覺神經(jīng)科學(xué)；Ⅱ，視覺感知與認知。 　　《Vision Science（視覺科學(xué)）（全英文）》適合從事相關(guān)研究工作的人員參考閱讀。

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