唐納德·戴維森

出版時(shí)間:2011-4  出版社:復(fù)旦大學(xué)出版社  作者:柯克·路德維希(Kirk Ludwig)  頁數(shù):286  譯者:郭世平  
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內(nèi)容概要

唐納德·戴維森已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)代分析哲學(xué)中最有影響力的人物之一。他對于下述各門學(xué)科都作出了學(xué)術(shù)貢獻(xiàn):語言哲學(xué)、行動(dòng)哲學(xué)、心靈哲學(xué)、認(rèn)識(shí)論、形而上學(xué)以及合理性理論。他的主要工作(體現(xiàn)在跨越近四十年的一系列里程碑式的論文中)展示出一種統(tǒng)一性,這在為如此眾多的不同論題作出貢獻(xiàn)的那些哲學(xué)家當(dāng)中是罕見的。這些論文(雅致、緊湊、有時(shí)候晦澀而且艱深)共同構(gòu)成了一幅鑲嵌圖案,對于人類思想的本質(zhì)、行動(dòng)和言語以及它們與自然世界的關(guān)系,提出了一種系統(tǒng)的解釋,這是近五十年來出現(xiàn)在分析哲學(xué)中最為精致和給人印象最為深刻的系統(tǒng)之一。
本書由一些著名的哲學(xué)家寫成,各章分別論及的是:真理與意義;行動(dòng)哲學(xué);徹底解釋;哲學(xué)心理學(xué);語義學(xué)與事件形而上學(xué);對于外部世界、他人心靈以及我們自己心靈的認(rèn)識(shí);以及戴維森的工作對于文學(xué)理論的意義?!?br />這只是對戴維森全部工作范圍的一個(gè)綜合性導(dǎo)論,正因?yàn)槿绱?,對于哲學(xué)、心理學(xué)、語言學(xué)以及文學(xué)理論專業(yè)的高年級(jí)本科生、研究生以及專業(yè)人員來說,本書也具有特殊的價(jià)值。

作者簡介

  唐納德?戴維森(Donald Davidson,1917-2003)
  20世紀(jì)下半葉最重要的分析哲學(xué)家之一。獲哈佛大學(xué)哲學(xué)博士學(xué)位,曾先后任教于斯坦福大學(xué)、普林斯頓大學(xué)、洛克菲勒大學(xué)、芝加哥大學(xué)以及加州大學(xué)伯克利分校。戴維森在語言哲學(xué)、行動(dòng)哲學(xué)、心靈哲學(xué)、認(rèn)識(shí)論、形而上學(xué)以及合理性理論等哲學(xué)的眾多基礎(chǔ)領(lǐng)域都開展了獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的工作,其成就主要體現(xiàn)為自20世紀(jì)60年代以來所發(fā)表的一系列論文,它們被收入《行動(dòng)與事件論文集》(1980)、《對真理與解釋的探究》(1984)、《主觀的、主觀際的、客觀的》(2001)、《合理性的難題》(2004)和《真理、語言與歷史》(2005)等論文集中。

書籍目錄

導(dǎo)論 柯克?路德維希
 第一節(jié) 早年生活與思想發(fā)展
 第二節(jié) 約1970年至今的工作
 第三節(jié) 意義理論與自然語言語義學(xué)
 第四節(jié) 行動(dòng)哲學(xué)
 第五節(jié) 徹底解釋
 第六節(jié) 心理哲學(xué)
 第七節(jié) 認(rèn)識(shí)論
 第八節(jié) 事件
 第九節(jié) 真理
 第十節(jié) 合理性與非理性
 第十一節(jié) 語言的非字面使用
 第十二節(jié) 本書的結(jié)構(gòu)
第一章 真理與意義歐尼斯特?萊波雷柯克?路德維希
 第一節(jié) 可學(xué)會(huì)的語言與組合性要求
 第二節(jié) 戴維森對傳統(tǒng)探討的批評
 第三節(jié) 作為組合性意義理論工具的真理論
 第四節(jié) 解釋性議題:對于傳統(tǒng)目標(biāo)的取代還是新的追求?
 第五節(jié) 外延性約束
 第六節(jié) 徹底解釋的作用
 第七節(jié) 真理論語義學(xué)方面的工作
 第八節(jié) 結(jié)束語
第二章 行動(dòng)哲學(xué)
第三章 徹底解釋
第四章 心靈哲學(xué)與心理學(xué)
第五章 語義學(xué)與事件的形而上學(xué)
第六章 對于自我、他人和世界的認(rèn)識(shí)
第七章 語言與文學(xué)
戴維森著述目錄
評論戴維森文選
參考書目
人名索引
主題索引
譯后記

章節(jié)摘錄

版權(quán)頁:請考慮一個(gè)未來技術(shù)的不幸犧牲者,他的大腦被有魔力的控制者無線控制著。假定這是在數(shù)小時(shí)之前剛剛發(fā)生過,或許是昨天夜里那個(gè)犧牲者熟睡的時(shí)候。這正是戴維森的推理并未設(shè)法排除的那種可能性。我們于是就面臨如下后果。確實(shí),我們不能僅僅因?yàn)槲覀冊谌魏尉唧w情況下都可能是錯(cuò)的,就推出我們可能是普遍錯(cuò)誤的。但同理,我們不能僅僅因?yàn)槲覀儾豢赡苁瞧毡殄e(cuò)誤的,就推出我們在任何具體情況下都是不會(huì)錯(cuò)的。所以,即使戴維森的推理能夠使我們關(guān)閉我們可以先天通達(dá)的東西與我們關(guān)于外部實(shí)在的性質(zhì)的普遍正確性之間的裂縫,這仍然在我們可以先天通達(dá)的東西與我們在任何給定的時(shí)間所持有的關(guān)于世界以及我們在其中地位的各種實(shí)質(zhì)性信念之間的適當(dāng)?shù)胤搅粝铝舜罅苛芽p。這些裂縫沒有任何一個(gè)看起來僅僅用戴維森式的論證就可以被架接起來?;蛟S可以爭辯說,現(xiàn)象在這里都是靠不住的,正如它們在黑暗的沼澤地里通常都是靠不住的一樣。畢竟,戴維森的論證并未產(chǎn)生這樣的結(jié)論,即我們關(guān)于外在性(extermlia)的實(shí)質(zhì)性信念是并且必定是大量正確的。難道我們不可以因此推出,任何個(gè)別的這類信念都必定具有可以設(shè)想的辯護(hù)理由嗎?當(dāng)然,這種辯護(hù)理由有可能被特殊的不利環(huán)境所挫敗。但在未遭受這種挫敗時(shí),這種辯護(hù)理由就肯定不是毫無價(jià)值的。因此,我們看起來畢竟在反對懷疑論中取得了進(jìn)展。這種論證具有一種會(huì)使我們躊躇起來的“掩蓋”(blanketing)性質(zhì)。它會(huì)使所有的實(shí)質(zhì)性信念,占星術(shù)家的信念與天文學(xué)家的信念,都具有可以設(shè)想的辯護(hù)理由?,F(xiàn)在的行動(dòng)是要轉(zhuǎn)移到解釋這種差別的原因上來,轉(zhuǎn)移到對于占星術(shù)家辯護(hù)理由的失敗并不是天文學(xué)家辯護(hù)理由的失敗的原因解釋上來。任何一個(gè)突然相信某種東西,并且沒有十分有效的論證反對他對于相關(guān)題材的信賴的人,任何對于大量相關(guān)理論都一無所知的深信他人的靈魂,看起來都會(huì)接受未被挫敗的認(rèn)識(shí)辯護(hù),僅僅因?yàn)檗q護(hù)未被挫敗這一事實(shí)。

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用戶評論 (總計(jì)3條)

 
 

  •   想了解其學(xué)說先了解其人,我都是這么進(jìn)行研究的。很有效果。
  •   介紹戴維森,還算清晰。
  •   聚焦當(dāng)代哲學(xué)--復(fù)旦大學(xué)出版社計(jì)劃出6個(gè)哲學(xué)家,自出這本《唐納德?戴維森》和前面的《理查德·羅蒂》,就一直沒有下文了。還有4位哲學(xué)家分別是《羅伯特·諾齊克》《查爾斯·泰勒》《托馬斯·庫恩》《阿拉斯代爾·麥金泰爾》。這套“聚焦當(dāng)代哲學(xué)”原是劍橋大學(xué)2002年開始陸續(xù)出版,現(xiàn)已有11冊。依次是:Thomas Kuhn 托馬斯·庫恩Stanley Cavell 斯坦利·卡維爾Alasdair MacIntyre 阿拉斯代爾·麥金泰爾Richard Rorty 理查德·羅蒂Donald Davidson 唐納德·戴維森John Searle 約翰·塞爾Charles Taylor 查爾斯·泰勒Hilary Putnam 希拉里·普特南Paul Churchland 保羅·丘奇蘭德Alvin Plantinga 阿爾文·普蘭丁格Bernard Williams 伯納德·威廉姆斯下面是有關(guān)這個(gè)系列的原版信息:Contemporary Philosophy in Focus / 聚焦當(dāng)代哲學(xué)各卷內(nèi)容簡介 (格式: 書名/編者,年份/內(nèi)容簡介):1) Thomas Kuhn 托馬斯·庫恩Edite...d by Thomas Nickles 2002Thomas Kuhn (1922-1996), the author of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, is probably the best-known and most influential historian and philosopher of science of the last 25 years, and has become something of a cultural icon. His concepts of paradigm, paradigm change and incommensurability have changed the way we think about science. This volume offers an introduction to Kuhn's life and work and then considers the implications of Kuhn's work for philosophy, cognitive psychology, social studies of science and feminism. The volume is more than a retrospective on Kuhn, exploring future developments of cognitive and information services along Kuhnian lines. Outside of philosophy the volume will be of particular interest to professionals and students in cognitive science, history of science, science studies and cultural studies.Kuhn is widely read across humanities and social studies.We have a high-quality list of contributors able to provide a much wider overall coverage than the volume by Alexander Bird.The volume is accessible and systematic like a Companion.2) Stanley Cavell 斯坦利·卡維爾Edited by Richard Eldridge 2003Stanley Cavell has been one of the most creative and independent of contemporary philosophical voices. At the core of his thought is the view that skepticism is not a theoretical position to be refuted by philosophical theory but is a reflection of the fundamental limits of human knowledge of the self, of others and of the external world that must be accepted. This volume is the first attempt systematically and accessibly to describe and assess the full range of Cavell's work. There are new accounts of Cavell's contribution to the philosophy of mind and language, the theory of action, ethics, aesthetics, Romanticism, American philosophy, Shakespeare, and film and opera. Outside philosophy the appeal of this volume will be unusually broad.One of the most widely read of contemporary philosophers outside philosophy, in literary studies, art, music, film and American studies.Cambridge is associated with Stanley Cavell through two classic books being reissued alongside this volume in new editions, Must We Mean what We Say? and Disowning Knowledge in Seven Plays of Shakespeare.3) Alasdair MacIntyre 阿拉斯代爾·麥金泰爾Edited by Mark C. Murphy 2003The contribution to contemporary philosophy of Alasdair MacIntyre is enormous. His writings on ethics, political philosophy, philosophy of religion, philosophy of the social sciences and the history of philosophy have established him as one of the philosophical giants of the last fifty years. His best-known book, After Virtue (1981), spurred the profound revival of virtue ethics. Moreover, MacIntyre, unlike so many of his contemporaries, has exerted a deep influence beyond the bourns of academic philosophy. This volume focuses on the major themes of MacIntyre's work with critical expositions of MacIntyre's views on the history of philosophy, the role of tradition in philosophical inquiry, the philosophy of the social sciences, moral philosophy, political theory, and his critique of the assumptions and institutions of modernity. Written by a distinguished team of philosophers, this volume will have a wide appeal outside philosophy to students in the social sciences, law, theology, and political theory.MacIntyre is a figure of major importance whose work has been widely influential across disciplines.This should be one of the best-selling volumes in the series.Volume is fully up-to-date and much more accessible to non-specialists than the competition.4) Richard Rorty 理查德·羅蒂Edited by Charles Guignon, David R. Hiley 2003Arguably the most influential of all contemporary English-speaking philosophers, Richard Rorty has transformed the way many inside and outside philosophy think about the discipline and the traditional ways of practising it. Drawing on a wide range of thinkers from Darwin and James to Quine, Wittgenstein, Heidegger and Derrida, Rorty has injected a bold anti-foundationalist vision into philosophical debate, into discussions in literary theory, communication studies, political theory and education, and, as public intellectual, into national debates about the responsibilities of America in the modern world. The essays in this volume offer a balanced exposition and critique of Rorty's views on knowledge, language, truth, science, morality and politics. The editorial introduction presents a valuable overview of Rorty's philosophical vision. Written by a distinguished team of philosophers, this volume will have an unusual appeal outside philosophy to students in the social sciences, literary studies, cultural studies and political theory.Given Rorty's almost cult status this should prove to be one of the best-selling volumes in the series.Broad inter-disciplinary readership.As with other volumes in series this is systematic and accessible.5) Donald Davidson 唐納德·戴維森Edited by Kirk Ludwig 2003Donald Davidson has been one of the most influential figures in modern analytic philosophy and has made seminal contributions in a wide range of subjects: philosophy of language, philosophy of action, philosophy of mind, epistemology, metaphysics and the theory of rationality. His principal work, embodied in a series of landmark essays stretching over nearly 40 years, exhibits a unity rare among philosophers contributing on so many diverse fronts. Written by a distinguished team of philosophers, this volume includes chapters on truth and meaning, the philosophy of action, radical interpretation, philosophical psychology, knowledge of the external world, other minds and our own minds, and the implications of Davidson's work for literary theory. This is the only comprehensive introduction to the full range of Davidson's work, and as such it will be of particular value to advanced undergraduates, graduates and professionals in philosophy, psychology, linguistics, and literary theory.Most systematic and accessible account available of one of major figures in contemporary philosophy.Strong team of contributors, offering a much higher-quality introduction than is found in the Princeton competitor listed above.6) John Searle 約翰·塞爾Edited by Barry Smith 2003From his groundbreaking book Speech Acts to his most recent studies of consciousness, freedom and rationality John Searle has been a dominant and highly influential figure amongst contemporary philosophers. This systematic introduction to the full range of Searle's work begins with the theory of speech acts and proceeds with expositions of Searle's writings on intentionality, consciousness and perception, as well as a careful presentation of the so-called Chinese Room argument. The volume considers Searle's recent work on social ontology and his views on the nature of law and obligation. It concludes with an appraisal of Searle's spirited defence of truth and scientific method in the face of the criticisms of Derrida and other postmodernists. This is the only comprehensive introduction to Searle's work, and as such it will be of particular value to advanced undergraduates, graduates and professionals in philosophy, psychology, linguistics, cognitive and computer science and literary theory.Only comprehensive introduction available to one of the dominant philosophical figures of our time.Systematic and accessible.Distinguished roster of contributors.7) Charles Taylor 查爾斯·泰勒Edited by Ruth Abbey 2004Charles Taylor is beyond question one of the most distinctive figures in the landscape of contemporary philosophy. In a time of increasing specialization Taylor’s ability to contribute to philosophical conversations across a wide spectrum of ideas is distinctive and impressive. These areas include moral theory, theories of subjectivity, political theory, epistemology, hermeneutics, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language and aesthetics. His most recent writings have seen him branching into the study of religion. Written by a team of international authorities, this collection will be read primarily by students and professionals in philosophy, political science and religious studies, but will appeal to a broad swathe of professionals across the humanities and social sciences.Deals with prominent philosopher whose work is widely read across disciplines.High-quality contributors.Up-to-date and accessible.8) Hilary Putnam 希拉里·普特南Edited by Yemima Ben-Menahem 2005The richness of Putnam's philosophical oeuvre consists not only in the broad spectrum of problems addressed, but also in the transformations and restructuring his positions have undergone over the years. The essays collected in this volume are sensitive to both these dimensions. They discuss Putnam’s major philosophical contributions to the theory of meaning, the philosophy of mind, the philosophy of science and mathematics, and moral theory. But, in addition, tracing threads of change and continuity, they analyze the dynamics underlying the unfolding of Putnam's thought. The volume also constitutes a critical introduction to a number of central issues in contemporary philosophy, including quantum logic, realism, functionalism, the 'minds as computer' metaphor, and the fact/value dichotomy.One of the major contemporary philosophers.Very strong list of contributors.Offers a critical introduction to a number of central issue 閱讀更多 ›
 

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