形-概念映射與雙語詞典編纂

出版時間:2010-6  出版社:復旦大學出版社  作者:趙翠蓮 著  頁數(shù):174  
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前言

趙翠蓮之介入《大中華漢英詞典》,有個由淺入深的過程。市場化以來,大家都在抱怨學界浮躁,流風所及,任何人都不可能不受薰拂。浮躁的表現(xiàn)之一,就是不愿介入耗時靡費,最后成果的效益又在未定之天的所謂“長線”項目;在我,是志大而才不副。《大中華漢英詞典》這事是我開的頭,當時其實已經(jīng)嘗過《英漢大詞典》編寫的諸種甜酸苦辣,不應率爾為之。可是,一是因為自信可把美國人的一個原始的漢英詞庫無償取來使用(后也果然取得),二是與當年尚在世的香港安子介先生的一席談,他非常鼓勵我們編出一本音、義、形兼顧的漢英詞典——特別是“形”,絕對是漢英詞典之首創(chuàng),如將“美”字,拆成“羊+羹”,附以英語說明,與安本人幾種《解開漢字之謎》的著書初衷不謀而合,以為對于洋人尋根溯源認識漢字乃至了解中國文化,尤有幫助。結(jié)果,嘗試一段時間之后,因深感主觀上力薄,客觀上字源說法迥異,以及漢字左右上下拆字排印技術(shù)困難多多而終于放棄。就這樣,《大中華漢英詞典》未經(jīng)詳盡的可行性論證和成本估算,就算“上馬”了,不出所料,很快便成為“濕手抓了干面粉”,或者叫做“嚼之無味,棄之可惜”,一段時間以來處在不死不活的freewheeling狀態(tài)。這時,趙翠蓮和復旦兩位女博士沈園、萬江波進入了我的視線。趙當時與我合作,正從事博士后的工作,沈是語言學家中的后起之秀,萬是《大中華》的“開濟老臣”。我深知自己已經(jīng)是疲駑下乘,于是就請出這“三駕馬車”。其中,特別是趙,相對而言,當時旁騖較少,而對于詞典編寫和詞匯學,知識和經(jīng)驗積累已相當充分,對語言學的研究新成果也很敏感;兼之趙為人沉穩(wěn),使我有“心安靜,神策生;慮深遠,計謀成”的聯(lián)想,若在工作中再養(yǎng)成一點弘毅果斷,可能成為我心目中的“新詞典人”一類的良材。本書是趙翠蓮博士后“出站報告”的擴寫,我覺得作者試圖通過“形態(tài)1-概念-形態(tài)2”的公式,來尋求詞典編纂如何描記人腦認知的規(guī)律,有助于在詞典學和語言學之間找到交叉的結(jié)點之一。要說老一輩的人能提一點可能無用的建議的話,那就是作者在找到interface之余,能不能也研究一下interaction/interplay,即形態(tài)對于已經(jīng)確立的概念有無修正或微調(diào)作用。(我以為是有的,謂予不信,可讀薩特《詞的暴力》。)至于《大中華漢英詞典》,猶望“三駕馬車”同心戮力,雖多蹶而不肯輸心,早成全璧。

內(nèi)容概要

本書對相關(guān)的心理語言學理論問題進行了討論:多義詞以及第二語言詞匯表征。多義詞表征的研究結(jié)果對于當今英語學習者詞典的創(chuàng)新做法提供了心理依據(jù)并對于其改進有所啟示。各種第二語言詞匯心理表征觀點均認可共享的概念節(jié)點以及獨立表征的詞形節(jié)點,這為本課題的形—概念映射框架提供了理論支持。本書進而依據(jù)形—概念映射框架對雙解詞典進行了兩方面的深入研究:形—概念映射與雙解詞典釋義部分的處理模型,以及從心理語言學角度探討雙解詞典對學習者的適用性。本書最后選取兩個詞典編纂項目進行了個案研究:《牛津漢語詞典》和《大中華漢英大詞典》,說明了當代語言學理論對現(xiàn)代詞典學以及詞典編纂的影響。

作者簡介

趙翠蓮,1964年生,山東萊陽人。1982年考入解放軍外國語學院英語系,先后獲得學士和碩士學位。2001年考取該院心理語言學博士研究生,師從李紹山教授,2005年獲博士學位。現(xiàn)為解放軍外國語學院英語系副教授。目前在復旦大學師從陸谷孫教授做博士后研究,研究方向為心理語

書籍目錄

序言前言AbbreviationsIntroductionChapter Ⅰ  Implications of a Developmental Model of Polysemous Representation for Polysemous Entry Treatment  0.Introduction: the dictionary and the mind  1.Polysemy  2.Sense ordering  3.Competing views about polysemous representation  4.A developmental model of polysemous representation  5.Implications for polysemous entry and homonym treatment in the dictionary  6.ConclusionChapter Ⅱ  Conceptual Representation for Words in a Second Language  0.Introduction  1.The word association model  2.The concept mediation model  3.The mixed model  4.The revised hierarchical model  5.The distributed feature model  6.ConclusionChapter Ⅲ  Constructing Models of the Definition and Its Counterpart (Equivalent or Translation) in the Bilingualized Dictionary  0.Introduction  1.Treatment of equivalents  2.Treatment of culture?bound words  3.Treatment of partial equivalents  4.ConclusionChapter Ⅳ  Why the Bilingualized? — A Discussion Based on the Analysis of the EFL Learner?s Mental Representation of Conscience and Liangxin (良心)  0.Introduction  1.The L2 learner?s mental representation of abstract concepts and chunks  2.The case of conscience  3.Treatment of the definition  4.Treatment of the example  5.ConclusionChapter Ⅴ  New Trends in Bilingual Dictionary Compilation: On the Compilation of the Oxford Chinese Dictionary  0.Introduction  1.A conceptual framework  2.Lexicalization: neologism and compounds  3.Lexical units: phrasal verbs and typical expressions  4.Dictionary Production System (hereafter DPS): online dictionary compilation  5.ConclusionChapter Ⅵ  Form?Concept Mapping and the Organization of Semantic and Contextual   Information in the Greater China Chinese?English Dictionary: A Case Study  0.Introduction  1.Traditional presentation of the dictionary entry  2.Organizing meanings  3.Psychological coherence  4.Combination of approaches to ordering meanings:the GCCE practice  5.Contextual information  6.Conclusion: lexicography, semantics, and the mental lexiconChapter Ⅶ  SummaryBibliography

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖:Instead polysemy describes a“crossroads”between homonymy,alternations,collocations andanalogy based on general knowledge and reasoning.Polysemous words can be characterized by at least one of these four methodologies,and Kilgarriff argues that all four must be allowedfor in order to capture the full variety of polysemy.Kilgarriff observes,however,that collocations and analogy depend on frequency information and arc,subject to contextual variation while description of homonymy and alternations relies on rules,and that joining the two approaches involves augmenting formal lexieal structure with frequency data.The distinction between polysemy and homonymy is important becalse.it separates the principled from the accidental and poses the following questions:If different senses of polysemous words are systematically related,how do they derive from each other,how should they be organized to reflect this regularity,and are such。relations and organizations mentally represented?More recent psycholinguistic experiments on lexical

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