中國大學生英語口語分析性評估體系的構建與效驗

出版時間:2010-1  出版社:復旦大學出版社  作者:劉芹  頁數(shù):289  

前言

  口語能力是語言能力的重要組成部分,其測評歷來是語言測試研究者和語言教學工作者所關注及研究的重點之一??谡Z測評大多是一種基于被試者表現(xiàn)的考試形式(performance-basedtesing),即被試者根據(jù)考試要求,完成一個或數(shù)個口語任務,然后由考官根據(jù)考生表現(xiàn)決定其口語能力等級。在這個過程中有幾個因素會影響考生表現(xiàn):首先是他的口語能力,其次是口試形式、評分標準以及考官個人因素。其中一個基礎且關鍵的環(huán)節(jié)是評分標準。因而,如何制定一個能客觀、公正、全面地衡量口語能力的評分標準是口語測試人員迫切需要解決的一個課題?! ”緯诳谠囋u分標準制定方面做了卓有成效的探索。作者以分析性評分模式為切人點,以多種理論模式為依據(jù),以現(xiàn)行英語教學大綱為基準,在大規(guī)模調研的基礎上,提出了分析性口語評估體系(OARS)。  本書具有以下特點。文獻部分的綜述全面、詳盡,涵蓋了本領域的最新研究成果。作者從不同角度闡述了相關理論模式,包括語言能力模式及口語評分理論依據(jù)。闡述條理清晰、概括性強、層次分明,顯示了作者扎實的理論功底??谡Z評估體系的第一個特點是測量維度全面:既包括語言能力又涵蓋策略能力。同時,語言能力的衡量能兼顧到口語能力的外顯特點(如語音語調等)。策略能力的判斷也基于口語交際的特征之上,如包括體勢語、聲調、音量等。因此,該評估體系能較為客觀、公正地評價口語能力??谡Z評估體系的另一特點是兼顧英語教學要求,每個小項都有相應的等級描述。這有利于該體系的使用者(教師、學生)充分利用口語測試的信息反饋,促進教與學。

內容概要

本書作者以Bachman的交際語言能力(CLA)模式、Cohen的語用口試等級評分表、Nunn的小組討論等級評分表、高校英語教學大綱為基礎,結合大規(guī)模問卷調查結果構建了中國大學生口語評估體系。在將其運用于來自六類院校180名學生的口語評估后,對其進行了全面的效度研究,同時深入探討了中國大學生英語口語的普遍特征。作者提出的口語評估體系具備科學性和可行性,對口語測試評分標準的改進和完善具有借鑒意義,對提高口語測試的總體效度有著很高的理論意義和應用價值。本書的讀者對象為從事英語口語教學評估的研究人員和專業(yè)學生,也可供高校英語教師參考使用。

書籍目錄

List of Acronyms List of Figures List ofTablesChapter1 Introduction  1.1 Need for the study   1.1.1 Students perspective   1.1.2 Teachers perspective   1.1.3 Purpose of the study  1.2 Configuration of the study   1.2.1 Study procedure   1.2.2 Study questions  1.3 Significance of the study  1.4 Layout of the book  1.5 Summary Chapter2 Literature Review  2.1 Fundamentals of oral proficiency   2.1.1 Speech communication and its characteristics   2.1.2 Essence of speech communication    2.1.2.1 Language use versus usage    2.1.2.2 Communicative competence versus linguistic competence    2.1.2.3 Accuracy versus fluency    2.1.2.4 Correctness versus appropriateness    2.1.2.5 Proficiency versus achievement    2.1.2.6 Process versus product    2.1.2.7 Synthetic approach versus analytic approach    2.1.2.8 The learner versus the teacher   2.1.3 Components of oral proficiency  2.2 Classification of oral rating scales   2.2.1 Holistic rating scales   2.2.2 Analytic rating scales   2.2.3 Combination of holistic&analytic rating scales   2.2.4 Integration of holistic&analytic rating scales   2.2.5 Using analytic rating scales for the project  2.3 Summary Chapter3 Study Bases  3.1 Empirical basis   3.1.1 Syllabus description   3.1.2 Oral tests of CET&TEM 3.2 Theoretical basis   3.2.1 CLA model    3.2.1.1 Language competence    3.2.1.2 Strategic competence   3.2.1.3 Psychophysiological mechanisms    3.2.1.4 Significance of CLA to OARS    3.2.1.5 Trait factors of CLA   3.2.2 Cohen's rating scale for pragmatic speaking   3.2.3 Nunn's rating scales for small group interaction    3.2.3.1 Nunn's rating scales of interactive skills   3.2.3.2 Nunn's rating scales of intelligibility    3.2.3.3 Significance of Nunn's rating scales to OARS   3.2.4 Reconsiderations on strategic competence    3.2.4.1 Classification of strategic competence    3.2.4.2 Evaluation of nonverbal communication  3.3 Summary Chapter4 Construction of OARS Chapter5 The PilotValidation Study Chapter6 The Field Validation Study Chapter7 Conclusions and Recommendations Appendix1 Empirical Basis Appendix2 Questionnaires Appendix3 Experiments Appendix4 Data of the Validation Study

章節(jié)摘錄

  Chapter 4 concerns the construction of the model of oral analytic rating scales. In this chapter, a needs analysis is presented to show how the range finders and descriptors are obtained through a large-scale questionnaire survey. Then the whole model is discussed with detailed explanation of its essence. Finally, sample ratings are conducted to manifest how the rating scales can be applied.  Chapter 5 presents the pilot validation study of the present model. Its main purpose is to test the utility of OARS and possible problems in practical application. It incorporates research purpose, subjects, operation and analysis. Various study instruments are displayed here, including reliability coefficient, construct validity, external validity, etc.  Chapter 6 displays the field validation study of the model. It focuses on further applicability, reliability and validity of OARS when applied to different kinds of candidates and in large-scale oral tests. On this basis, characteristics of oral English proficiency of Chinese college students are touched upon. This chapter is also composed of research purpose, subjects, operation and analysis, and such parameters as reliability coefficient, construct validity and external validity are tested.  Chapter 7 is the concluding section. It summarizes the results of the validation study and the flowchart of designing OARS as well as precautions in the application of OARS. It also provides tentative suggestions and recommendations on oral English instruction and assessment in Chinese universities. Moreover, further studies of this kind are suggested.

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