英美文學(xué)鑒賞導(dǎo)讀

前言

　　通過基礎(chǔ)階段的英語學(xué)習(xí)，英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生雖然掌握了一定的聽說讀寫能力，但他們的文學(xué)基本知識(shí)仍相對(duì)薄弱，要真正理解和透徹賞析英美文學(xué)作品的精華所在，仍不同程度地存在一定的困難。即使他們有時(shí)能在文字層面上讀懂原文，但要對(duì)作品的文學(xué)價(jià)值進(jìn)行真正有效的把握，不免會(huì)有“老虎吃天、無從下手”之感?！队⒚牢膶W(xué)鑒賞導(dǎo)讀》的編寫遵循文學(xué)賞祈教學(xué)應(yīng)壺堅(jiān)持“掌握方法為手段、文本閱讀為載體、有效賞析為目標(biāo)”的宗旨，努力幫助學(xué)習(xí)者克服上述困難。　　《導(dǎo)讀》的突出特點(diǎn)是，編者從介紹文學(xué)原理和鑒賞方法切入，緊密結(jié)合文本分析，力圖解決傳統(tǒng)文學(xué)教學(xué)中文本閱讀與鑒賞實(shí)踐嚴(yán)重脫節(jié)的突出矛盾。古人云：“授之以魚，不如授之以漁?！笔谥浴棒~”，數(shù)量再多，終會(huì)窮盡；授之以“漁”，學(xué)生掌握了捕魚的本領(lǐng)，固化了審美意識(shí)，必將受用終生。筆者認(rèn)為，“授之以漁”不僅是《導(dǎo)讀》編寫的指導(dǎo)性綱領(lǐng)，更乏一種行之有效的教學(xué)方法和一種嶄新的教育理念，對(duì)教師在文學(xué)教學(xué)過程中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生刨造性的思維能力以及提高學(xué)生分析問題和解決問題的水平具有普遍的指導(dǎo)意義。

內(nèi)容概要

《英美文學(xué)鑒賞導(dǎo)讀》是為大學(xué)英語專業(yè)開設(shè)英美文學(xué)課程而編寫的文學(xué)賞析教程。同時(shí)，由于該書的設(shè)計(jì)具有突出的自主學(xué)習(xí)特征，也可供英美文學(xué)愛好者自學(xué)之用。    《導(dǎo)讀》共有六大部分。第一部分為“文學(xué)鑒賞總論”；第二至第五部分依次為“英語詩歌鑒賞分論”、 “英語戲劇鑒賞分論”、“英語小說鑒賞分論”和“英語散文鑒賞分論”；第六部分是“簡(jiǎn)明文學(xué)術(shù)語詞表”，按字母順序把常用的文學(xué)術(shù)語以詞表形式列出，以方便讀者隨時(shí)查閱。    第一部分“文學(xué)鑒賞總論”，主要從宏觀上對(duì)文學(xué)領(lǐng)域里的關(guān)鍵要素進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)明闡述，使學(xué)生對(duì)文學(xué)鑒賞有一個(gè)全面把握主要內(nèi)容包括：文學(xué)的本質(zhì)；為何學(xué)文學(xué)；如何閱讀文學(xué)；怎樣寫文學(xué)評(píng)論；怎樣有效應(yīng)對(duì)文學(xué)測(cè)試；主要的文學(xué)批評(píng)方法；重要的文學(xué)流派。        第二至第五部分分別為詩歌、戲劇、小說、散文鑒賞四個(gè)分論，分別對(duì)各類文體的性質(zhì)、特征、思想內(nèi)容、藝術(shù)表現(xiàn)形式、鑒賞方法等文學(xué)要素進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)闡釋．以幫助學(xué)生理清學(xué)習(xí)思路，掌握基本方法，最終達(dá)到有效鑒賞文學(xué)作品的目的。    在上述第二至第五部分的四個(gè)分論之后，分別遴選了英美文學(xué)中該類文體具有代表性的作品為例文．供教師課堂教學(xué)或者學(xué)習(xí)者自主學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)選擇使用，選讀作品的編寫架構(gòu)為：作家介紹、原文節(jié)選、難點(diǎn)注釋、作品點(diǎn)評(píng)、問題與練習(xí)，共五個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。

書籍目錄

Part 1  An Overall Guide to Appreciating Literature　1　What Is Literature？    1.1　Types of literature    1.2　Literature is language    1.3　Literature is fictional    1.4　Literature is true    1.5　Literature is aesthetic　2　Why Do We Read Literature？    2.1　To acquire knowledge and wisdom    2.2　To consolidate language competence    2.3　To read for pleasure    2.4　To improve understanding about life    2.5　To cultivate capacity of artistic appreciation　3　HOW to Learn Literary Texts？    3.1　Copying    3.2　paraphrase    3.3　Summary    3.4　Description    3.5　Analysis　4　How to Write About Literature？    4.1　Having something to say    4.2　Choosing a topic    4.3　Considering your audience    4.4　Collecting evidence    4.5　Developing argument    4.6　Writing die first draft    4.7　Revising    4.8　Documentation    4.9　The "Works Cited" page　　4.10　Sample Essay 1　　4.11　Sample Essay 2　5　How to Take Essay Tests？    5.1　Prepare thoroughly    5.2　Plan your answer wisely    5.3　Respond directly to the assignment    5.4　Add inserts when necessary    5.5　Write clear, simple, and correct prose    5.6　Be creative    5.7　Sample Test Essays　6　Major Critical Approaches    6.1　Formalistic criticism    6.2　Biographical criticism    6.3　Historical criticism    6.4　Psychological criticism    6.5　Sociological criticism    6.6　Feminist criticism    6.7　Reader-response criticism    6.8　Cultural studies criticism　　6.9　Practical criticism　　6.10　Some tips on applying critical approaches　7　Major Literary Schools　　7.1　Classicism and neoclassicism　　7.2　Romanticism　　7.3　Realism　　7.4　Naturalism　　7.5　Modernism　　7.6　PostmodernismPart 2  A Guide to Appreciating English Poetry　1　Introduction　　1.1　Nature of poetry    1.2　Various descriptions about poetry    1.3　Value of learning poetry　2　Scansion of Poetry    2.1　Rhythm    2.2　Meter and foot    2.3　Rhythmic patterns    2.4　Metrical mutations　……Part 3  A Guide to Appreciating English DramaPart 4  A Guide to Appreciating English FictionPart 5  A Guide to Appreciating English EssaysPart 6  Short Glossary of Literary TermsReferences

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Before we begin our discussions on any specific topics about English literature, let us firstdeal with some basic issues concerning literature at large so as to prepare our minds forspecific studies of English literature.　　The original source of literature arises from human interest in telling a story aboutsome aspects of human experiences by arranging words in artistic forms. Initially, theliterary impulse exists only in ones mind. It is the writer who turns this impulse ofexperience into literature, by means of language, and in such forms as fiction, poetry,drama, or essay. To a certain extent, literature may be briefly defined as fictional texts inthe form of language artistically employed to achieve identifiable literary qualities andconvey meaningful messages.　　The word "literature" came into English from the 14th century in the sense of politelearning through reading. Thus a man of literature, or a man of letters, referred to what wewould now describe as a man of wide reading, somewhat like the modem meaning of theword "literacy". From the mid-18th century, literature referred to the practice andprofession of writing. And since the 19th century, literature has been the high skills ofwriting with exuberant imagination.　　1 What Is Literature?1.1 Types of literatureLiterature may be classified into four categories or genres: prose fiction, poetry, drama,and nonfiction prose.　　Prose fiction, or narrative fiction, includes myths, parables, romances, novels andshort stories. The essence of prose fiction is narration, the relating of a sequence of eventsor actions. Fictional works usually focus on one or a few major characters who changeand grow as a result of how they deal with other characters and how they attempt to solvetheir problems.

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