英美短篇小說(shuō)精粹

前言

　　短篇小說(shuō)（the short story）是用散文創(chuàng)作的虛構(gòu)類(lèi)敘事作品，通常只限于寫(xiě)單一背景下的一個(gè)事件，牽涉到一兩個(gè)人物的活動(dòng)，一般認(rèn)為長(zhǎng)度應(yīng)在l000-20000字，少于l000字的叫做小小說(shuō)（short short fiction，short shorts或者flash fiction）。多于20 000字的就是中篇小說(shuō)或者長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)了。但有人認(rèn)為純粹以字?jǐn)?shù)來(lái)分類(lèi)沒(méi)有道理，愛(ài)倫·坡就提出短篇小說(shuō)作為一個(gè)文類(lèi)區(qū)別于中、長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)的應(yīng)該有其自身的美學(xué)特征，他在《創(chuàng)作的哲學(xué)》（“The Philosophy of Composition”）一文中指出短篇小說(shuō)應(yīng)該具備這樣一個(gè)特征：要人坐在那里一口氣可以讀完（One should be able to read it one sitting），要具有一種長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)所不可能具備的“印象的統(tǒng)一性”。有人認(rèn)為短篇小說(shuō)做到了法國(guó)古典戲劇未能真正實(shí)行的三一律：表現(xiàn)一天之內(nèi)一個(gè)地方所發(fā)生的一個(gè)行動(dòng)，短篇小說(shuō)處理的是單一人物、單一事件、單一情感，或者由單一情境所引發(fā)的一連串情感。

內(nèi)容概要

　　本書(shū)選材突出經(jīng)典，選文全是英美短篇小說(shuō)大師的作品，有的作品幾乎是所有短篇小說(shuō)集必不可少的選文，特別適合初涉文學(xué)的英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)。    選文內(nèi)容豐富，可讀性強(qiáng)，既可作為文學(xué)教材使用，也可作為語(yǔ)言訓(xùn)練的閱讀教材。每篇小說(shuō)后面都附有閱讀思考題，便于教師上課使用或?qū)W生自學(xué)。另外，本書(shū)主編還可提供教學(xué)課件供廣大教師朋友參考。    作家介紹部分盡量涉及作家在短篇小說(shuō)發(fā)展史上的貢獻(xiàn)，從理論上強(qiáng)化讀者閱讀小說(shuō)時(shí)所獲得的關(guān)于短篇小說(shuō)發(fā)展脈絡(luò)的感性認(rèn)識(shí)。    本書(shū)設(shè)定的閱讀對(duì)象為全日制英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)大學(xué)二、三年級(jí)學(xué)生，英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)自考生，已經(jīng)通過(guò)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試的非英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)生，以及相當(dāng)程度的其他英語(yǔ)文學(xué)愛(ài)好者。

書(shū)籍目錄

Unit Ⅰ Sir Walter ScottUnit Ⅱ Washington IrvingUnit Ⅲ Nathaniel HawthorneUnit Ⅳ Edgar Allan PoeUnit Ⅴ Charles DickensUnit Ⅵ Herman MelvilleUnit Ⅶ Mark TwainUnit Ⅷ Robert Louis StevensonUnit Ⅷ Oscar WildeUnit Ⅹ Joseph ConradUnit Ⅺ O. HenryUnit Ⅻ Stephen CraneUnit ⅩⅢ Virginia WoolfUnit ⅩⅣ James JoyceUnit ⅩⅤ Katherine MansfieldUnit ⅩⅥ William Faulkner

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Poe was a complex person， tormented and alcoholic yet also considerate andhumorous， a good friend， and an affectionate husband. Indeed， his painful life，his neurotic attraction to intense beauty， violent horror， and death， and his senseof the world of dreams contributed to his greatness as a writer. In the practicalaffairs of everyday life， in many of the common amenities， in the domestic circle，and in the general give and take of earthly existence， Poe was greatly lacking andfrequently a complete failure. He could not and did not in any sense of the words"get along" with his fellow men. But he certainly was a charm and fascination， amagnetism and a reverse power of antagonism which caused him to be greatly lovedby a few， hated by many， and memorable to everybody.　　As a man Poe wasabnormal， and as a genius unique.Poe was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living throughwriting alone and he was one of the earliest American practitioners of the shortstory and is considered the inventor of the detective-fiction genre.　　He alsocontributed to the emerging genre of science-fiction. His skillfully wrought talesand poems convey with passionate intensity the mysterious， dreamlike， and oftenmacabre forces that pervaded his sensibility. His characters are either grotesquesor the inhabitants of another world than this. Being a master hand at writing theshort story， he is especially "clever at dropping foreshadowing hints at what wouldhappen later and keeping the reader in suspense for as long as possible. He likesto use learned words， which makes reading his stories a little difficult for theaverage reader. But the fulfillment of gaining insight into human psychology givesthe reader enough compensation for the hard labour of "cracking the nut" of hislanguage.

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