英語詞匯學(xué)引論

前言

　　英語詞匯學(xué)是研究英語語言詞匯的一門重要學(xué)科。當(dāng)前，高等學(xué)校的本科生、研究生，在比較熟悉英語語音、語法的情況下，學(xué)習(xí)和研究英語詞匯就顯得更加重要，更加迫切?！　　队⒄Z詞匯學(xué)引論》，是高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)教材；是大學(xué)英語課（即公共英語課）教師和非英語專業(yè)的本科生、研究生，英語自學(xué)者及翻譯工作者學(xué)習(xí)英語詞匯學(xué)理論，理解、運用、掌握英語詞匯，擴大英語詞匯量，提高英語語言實踐能力的參考書。　　本書共八章。以現(xiàn)代語言學(xué)理論作為指導(dǎo)，以英語詞匯為研究對象，著重論述英語詞匯的來源、發(fā)展、現(xiàn)狀及其研究方法；分析英語詞的結(jié)構(gòu)、類型、意義、理據(jù)、相互關(guān)系、語義的變化方式、過程及用法；研究英國英語和美國英語的差異；還對英語習(xí)語的特點、分類、語義以及英語詞典的發(fā)展和使用都作了較詳盡的闡述，并提供了大量的例證?！　”緯斜本┩鈬Z學(xué)院、北京第二外國語學(xué)院、北京師范大學(xué)、北京外交學(xué)院、復(fù)旦大學(xué)、上海外國語學(xué)院、上海師范大學(xué)、洛陽外國語學(xué)院、大連外國語學(xué)院、南京大學(xué)、四川大學(xué)和武漢大學(xué)12所院校，16位專家、教授參加審稿，并提出寶貴的意見和建議。北京外國語學(xué)院劉世沐教授代表高等學(xué)校外語專業(yè)教材編審委員會主持并指導(dǎo)了審稿工作。北京師范大學(xué)張韻斐教授和北京第二外國語學(xué)院周錫卿教授擔(dān)任主審。武漢大學(xué)英文系主任潘耀瓊教授，在整個編寫過程中，給予熱情的指導(dǎo)和幫助。武漢大學(xué)許海蘭教授和美國專家PeterRoss對本書的語言文字進行了潤飾和加工。編著者在此一并表示衷心感謝?！　∠抻诰幷咚?，書中謬誤定屬不少，敬請廣大讀者指正，不勝感謝。

內(nèi)容概要

　　《英語詞匯學(xué)引論（第4版）》是高等學(xué)校英語專業(yè)教材；是大學(xué)英語課課教師和非英語專業(yè)的本科生、研究生、英語自學(xué)者等學(xué)習(xí)英語詞匯學(xué)理論，理解、運用、掌握英語詞匯，擴大英語詞匯量，提高英語語言實踐能力的參考書。　　《英語詞匯學(xué)引論（第4版）》語詞匯為研究對象，著重論述英語詞匯的來源、發(fā)展、現(xiàn)狀及其研究方　法；分析英語詞的結(jié)構(gòu)、類型、意義、理據(jù)、相互關(guān)系、語義的變化方式、過程及用法；研究英語和美國英語的差異；還對英語習(xí)語的特點、分類、語義以及英語詞內(nèi)的發(fā)展和使用都作了較詳盡的闡述，并提供了大量的例證。

書籍目錄

Chapter 1　Language，Linguistics and Lexicology1-1-1　Introductory Remarks1-1-2　A Definition of Language1-1-3　Language，Society and Thought1-2-1　A Definition of Li.nguistics1-2-2　The Scope of Linguistics1-3-1　What Is Lexicology？1-3-2　Aims and Significance of the Course of English Lexicology1-3-3　The Connection of Lexicology with Other Branches of Linguistics1-3-4　Two Approaches to the Study of English LexicologyChapter 2　The Sources of the English Vocabulary2-1-1　What is Etymology？2-1-2　The English People and the English Language2-1-3　The Position and Character of the English Language in the Indo-European Family2-1-4　The Divisions of the History Of the English Language2-1-5　Some Characteristics of Old English2-1-6　Some Characteristics of Middle English2-1-7　Some Characteristics of Modern English2-1-8　Etymological Twins in English2-1-9　Some Combining Forms Used in Modem English2-2-1　Words of Native Origin2-2-2　Borrowed Words in the English Vocabulary2-3-1　The Foreign Elements in the English Vocabulary2-3-2　The Scandinavian Element in the English Vocabulary2-3-3　The French Element in the English Vocabulary2-3-4　The Latin Element in the English Vocabulary2-3-5　The Greek Element in the English Vocabulary2-3-6　The Influence of the Classical Elements upon the English Vocabulary2-3-7　Other Foreign Elements in the English Vocabulary2-3-8　The Interrelation Between the Native and Foreign Elements in the English Vocabulary2-3-9　The Linguistic and Historical Origins of Some Common English WordsChapter 3　Word Meaning and Semantic Relations3-1-1　Some General Remarks on Semantics and Meaning3-1-2　The Relationship Between Meaning and the Object3-2-1　What Is a Word？3-2-2　Meaning and Motivation3-3-1　Classifications of Words3-3-2　Main Types of Word Meaning3-3-3　Word Meaning and Context3-4-1　Synonyms3-4-2　Antonyms3-4-3　Polysemy and Homonymy3-4-4　HyponymyChapter 4　The Changing English Vocabulary4-1-1　The Constant Change in Language and the Continuous Appearance of Neologisms4-1-2　The Definition of Neologisms or New Words4-1-3　The Rate of Changes of the English Vocabulary4-1-4　The Sources of New Words4-1-5　The Formation of Neologisms4-2-1　Archaisms4-3-1　Changes in Meaning4-3-2　Four Tendencies in Semantic Changes4-3-3　Semantic Changes from the Literal Use of Words to Their Figurative UseChapter 5　Word-formation in English5-1-1　Introduction5-1-2　Morphological Structure of Words5-1-3　Two Types of Morphemes5-1-4　Three Types of Words5-1-5　Root，Base，Stem5-2-1　The Main Processes of English Word-formation5-2-2　The Minor Processes of English Word-formationChapter 6　English Idioms6-1-1　Introduction6-1-2　The Definition of Idioms6-1-3　The Significance of Studying English Idioms6-1-4　The Features of English Idioms6-1-5　English Idioms in Different Styles6-1-6　The Difference Between Idiomatic and Free Phrases6-2-1　Classifications of English Idioms6-2-2　Some Useful Language Areas of IdiomsChapter 7　English Collocations7-1-1　Introduction7-1-2　What Is a Collocation？7-1-3　The Importance of Learning English Collocations7-2-1　The Classification of English Collocations7-2-2　Register Used in English Collocations7-3-1　Some Commonest Words Used in English Collocations.7-4-1　Different Subjects of English Collocations7-4-2　Families7-4-3　Houses，F(xiàn)lats and Rooms7-4-4　Food and Drink7-4-5　Study and Learning7-4-6　Fitness and Illness7-4-7　Job and Work7-4-8　Computers7-4-9　Sport7-4-10　TimeChapter 8　British and American English8-1-1　English as a Language of Worldwide Use8-1-2　British and American English8-1-3　The Historical Background of American English8-2-1　Differences between British English and American English8-2-2　Differences in Individual Sounds8-2-3　Differences in Stress8-2-4　Differences in Spelling8-2-5　Differences in Vocabulary8-2-6　Differences in Grammar8-3-1　A Comparison Between Websters Pronunciation Symbols （WPS） and International Phonetic Alphabet （IPA）8-3-2　British and American English in the FutureChapter 9　English Dictionaries and How to Use Them9-1-1　What Is a Dictionary？9-1-2　Characteristics of Dictionaries9-2-1　Types of Dictionaries9-2-2　Monolingual，Bilingual and Mulfilingual Dictionaries9-2-3　General and Special Dictionaries9-2-4　Pocket，Medium-sized and Unabridged Dictionaries9-2-5　Synchronic and Diachronic Dictionaries9-2-6　Encyclopedias and Encyclopedic Dictionaries9-2-7　The Printed and Electronic Dictionaries9-3-1　The History of English Dictionaries9-3-2　A Brief Introduction of Five Newest English Dictionaries9-3-3　Five Periods in the History of English Dictionaries9-4-1　How to Use English DictionariesAppendix 1An English-Chinese List of Technical Terms of Lexicology Used in This BookAppendix 2The Review of a Newest BookBibliography

章節(jié)摘錄

　　2-1-8　Etymological Twins in English　　In the course of the development of the English vocabulary we may findthat there are a few pairs of words which came from the same languagesource. At the beginning of the formation of words they were similar notonly in form but also in meaning. As time went by their senses becamedivergent， especiaUy today. AcCording to the linguistic phenomenon we callthese pairs of words etymological twins or etymological variants in English.　　Let us take six pairs of words for example.　　human and humane：　　The word human used as an adjective in the 14th century was derivedfrom the Middle French word humain， also from the Latin word h~m~nus.The meaning is of or belonging to man， and the stress is on the firstsyllable. Now it has two meanings： one is of or characteristic of man;　theother is having or showing the better qualities of man; kind; good.　　The word humane was also used as an adjective in the 15th century. Atthat time~ the word meant of or belonging to man. Later， in the 18thcentury， the word meant　kind， merciful.The stress is on the secondsyllable. Now it has two meanings： one is having or showing sympathy，kindness and understanding， the other is （of areas of learning） tending tocivilize. urban and urbane：　　The word urban used as an adjective came from the Latin word urbanusin 1619. The meaning is of or pertaining to a city or city life， and the　　This part is chiefly based on Chambers Dictionary of Etymology.　New York：Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd.， 20011 and Websters Word Histories.　Springfield，MA： Merriam-Webster.　　The present meanings of the examples given are quoted from Oxford AdvancedLearners　English-Chinese Dictionary（ Extended　Fourth　Edition）. Beijings The Commercial Press and Oxford University Press， 2002.

編輯推薦

　　采用歷時和共時分析的研究方法，講述了許多英語詞匯的有趣故事，論述了詞義的歷時演變和同源詞的比較，并對大量例詞指出了產(chǎn)生的年代?！　τ⒄Z新詞語的定義、時間劃分標(biāo)準、大小分類及其出現(xiàn)的年代都作了明確的界定，并用簡單的英語解釋新詞的含義。　　英語構(gòu)詞法分類獨特，例證豐富，配上大量新詞.對擴大英語詞匯量起到了指導(dǎo)作用。　　增加了英語常用習(xí)語15種表達法，其中還有未曾學(xué)過的新習(xí)語，并注明其含義?！　≡黾恿擞⒄Z詞語搭配一章。對詞語搭配的定義、重要性及其分類作了詳盡的闡述，并通過大量實例進行剖析，在必要的地方還配了中文解釋，起到了一部小型英語詞語搭配詞典的作用?！　￡U述了詞典的新定義。增加了21世紀初（2001年到2006年間）5部英美國家出版的英語學(xué)習(xí)詞典的評介?！　「戒?介紹了著名詞匯學(xué)家、語言學(xué)家Pa…ckHanks主編的《詞匯學(xué)：語言學(xué)中的關(guān)鍵概念》一書于2006年在英國出版的最新信息：它是一部迄今為止最全面的詞匯學(xué)巨著，全書共6卷，2768頁，值得推薦?！　　队⒄Z詞匯學(xué)引論（第4版）》內(nèi)容新穎，材料翔實，反映了21世紀初英語語言詞匯的新發(fā)展。　　《英語詞匯學(xué)引論（第4版）》語言通俗易懂，理論聯(lián)系實際，融趣味性、科學(xué)性、思想性為一體，是一本英語專業(yè)學(xué)生、英語自學(xué)者、研究生可讀性強的教材和英語教師的教學(xué)參考書。

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