司馬遷

前言

中國是世界文明的發(fā)源地之一，有五千多年的文明史。在中國古代思想史上，涌現(xiàn)出了許許多多杰出的思想家，為中華民族乃至整個人類留下了豐富的思想遺產(chǎn)。這些思想成果獨樹一幟，在漫長的歷史中又不斷地被闡釋、被發(fā)展，很多思想對于今天的中國乃至世界而言，仍然歷久彌新，極具生命力。比如，儒家學(xué)派創(chuàng)始人孔子“仁”的理念、“和”的思想，不僅在當(dāng)代中國，在其他亞洲國家也一直備受推崇。古代中國朝代更迭，每一個朝代都有燦爛奪目的思想文化。百家爭鳴的先秦諸子、博大宏深的漢唐經(jīng)學(xué)、簡易幽遠(yuǎn)的魏晉玄學(xué)、盡心知性的宋明理學(xué)是思想學(xué)術(shù)的奇葩；佛教的色空禪悅、道教的神仙修養(yǎng)是宗教信仰的沃土；其他如經(jīng)世濟(jì)民的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)理想，巧奪天工的科技、工藝之道，風(fēng)雅傳神、丹青不老的文學(xué)藝術(shù)……都蘊(yùn)涵著豐富的思想。這些思想的創(chuàng)造者中有教師、學(xué)者、詩人、政治家、科學(xué)家、僧人……他們在中國古代的哲學(xué)、政治、軍事、經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律、工藝、科技、文學(xué)、藝術(shù)、宗教等各個文明領(lǐng)域內(nèi)貢獻(xiàn)巨大。古代中國人尊敬那些充滿智慧、追求道德的人，稱呼他們?yōu)槭ト?、賢人、哲人、智者、大師等，他們的言論、著作或被后人總結(jié)出來的經(jīng)驗構(gòu)成了中國古代思想的重要內(nèi)容，在豐富多彩中貫穿著天人合一、知行合一、剛健中和等精神傳統(tǒng)，表現(xiàn)出綜合創(chuàng)新的特色。

內(nèi)容概要

The Collection of Critical Biographies of Chinese Thinkers, under the general editorship of the late honorary president of Nanjing University, Professor Kuang Yaming, is the largest-scale project of research materials on Chinese thinkers undertaken since the beginning of the twentieth century. Standing on the shoulders of this great man and other 200 well-known Chinese professors, this collection of concise Chinese-English version is not only based on a profound academic foundation, but also exhibits a brand new feature which is the virtue of explaining the profound in a simple way, hence leading readers to mastery of the contents; it also incorporates a refined principle of selection, a simple mode of evaluation and commentary, and a moving narration of the stories and their wisdom.    Sima Qian, the Prefect of the Grand Scribes of the Han Dynasty, is regarded as the father of Chinese historiography because of his highly praised work--Records of the Grand Historian (Shiji), a general history of China covering more than three thousand years from the Yellow Emperor to Emperor Wu of the Han. His definitive work laid the foundation for later Chinese historiography.

作者簡介

作者：郭維森 譯者：（澳大利亞）楊國生 （澳大利亞）愛博 叢書主編：周憲 程愛民

書籍目錄

一  故鄉(xiāng)，童年二  二十漫游三  由郎中到太史令四  李陵之禍五  刑余的史臣六  史家之絕唱七  無韻之《離騷》八  光照千古譯后記

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：他要探究天人之間的實際情形，結(jié)果是對天人關(guān)系表示了很大的懷疑。他對一些迷信、怪異的說法，都持批評懷疑的態(tài)度。比如《刺客列傳》中，說到世人傳說燕國的太子丹，在秦國做人質(zhì)時，曾要求回國，秦王說：你要能讓天上落下糧食，馬頭上長出角來，就放你回國。太子丹仰天而嘆，感動了上天，竟然“天雨粟，馬生角”，因而被放歸。后來有一本叫《燕丹子》的書，更將這事說得活靈活現(xiàn)。司馬遷不取這一荒誕傳說，并批評說“太過”。當(dāng)時，通西域的張騫曾經(jīng)實際考察了黃河的源頭。司馬遷根據(jù)他考察的結(jié)果，指出《禹本紀(jì)》《山海經(jīng)》記載的昆侖山上有醴泉、瑤池和種種神怪都是沒有的，說，我可不敢跟著亂說。司馬遷認(rèn)為人生的命運，往往是環(huán)境造成的。在《扁鵲倉公列傳》的“太史公日”中，司馬遷寫道：“女無美惡，居宮見妒，士無賢不肖，入朝見疑”，宮內(nèi)、朝廷就是你爭我奪的妒忌場。扁鵲因為醫(yī)術(shù)高明，被秦朝的太醫(yī)令派人刺殺了。倉公就是太倉令淳于意，也因醫(yī)術(shù)高明，被人誣告，將要受刑，多虧他的小女兒緹榮上書，要以身為奴婢救贖父親，這件事感動了漢文帝，宣布要廢止肉刑。扁鵲、倉公都因醫(yī)術(shù)高妙而受到迫害，真如老子所說：“美好者，不祥之器”，美好的事物會招來妒忌，引起爭端，所以是不吉利的。禍患來自人世，是現(xiàn)實環(huán)境造成的，和天命、天道全無關(guān)系。秦始皇吞并六國，建立了統(tǒng)一強(qiáng)大的秦王朝，但不過十幾年，就被揭竿而起的平民推翻。楚漢之際，項羽兵強(qiáng)地廣，成為發(fā)號施令的霸主，但不到三年，即被遠(yuǎn)為弱小的劉邦消滅。什么原因呢？關(guān)于秦亡，漢初的賈誼寫了一篇《過秦論》，提出是因為“仁義不施而攻守之勢異也”。司馬遷同意他的觀點，在《秦始皇本紀(jì)》后面，全引了這篇文章。

后記

Sima Qian (135 B.C.——86 B.C.) is the most influential and respected imperial historian in China. His work Shift (Records of the Grand Historian of China) is acknowledged by many Chinese to be the richest and most complex book recording the first three thousand years of history up to the Han Dynasty.The book Sima Qian provides readers with a brief history of the grand historian and his talent as a writer. Sima Qian is from a historian's family. His own life experience as court astrologer and Palace Attendant, and opportunities to travel broadly to most places in ancient China allowed him to obtain first hand information that enabled him to revisit the written history and collect new materials to rewrite history. Sima Qian had a complex life with dramatic ups and downs. He was imprisoned due to the fact that he bravely spoke up to protect the unfairly persecuted general. Fighting against the tragedy he pulled himself together and completed the Shift. The trajectory of his life spelt the complexity of the politics and nature of China's feudal society. By reading the book Sima Qian one can taste the long, vivid and complex history of Chinese feudal society. The 130-chapter Shift is a gold mine of ancient Chinese history. It not only provides readers with the major historians, and social events, but also the social culture shaped by these figures and events. Sima Qian's Shift is a splendid literature to readers in China and worldwide. Like Samual Johnson is the father of English literature and the dictionary, Sima Qian is the father of China's history and literature. He set the standard and model for recording Chinese history for later historiographers.

編輯推薦

《司馬遷》為《中國思想家評傳》簡明讀本：中英文版。

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