《中國(guó)思想家評(píng)傳》簡(jiǎn)明讀本（中英文版）

內(nèi)容概要

　　The Collection of Critical Biographies of Chinese Thinkers， underthe general editorship of the late honorary president of NanjingUniversity， Professor Kuang Yarning， is the largest-scale project ofresearch materials on Chinese thinkers undertaken since thebeginning of the twentieth century. Standing on the shoulders ofthis great man and other 200 well-known Chinese professors， thiscollection of concise Chinese-English version is not only based ona profound academic foundation， but also exhibits a brand newfeature which is the virtue of explaining the profound in a simpleway， hence leading readers to mastery of the contents; it alsoincorporates a refined principle of selection， a simple mode ofevaluation and commentary， and a moving narration of the storiesand their wisdom.　　Zhuangzi， one of the most brilliant philosophers in Chinese history，advocated a simple life according to ones own conscience andnature without restraint. His humor， sophistication， literary genius，and philosophical insights found their perfect expression in hismasterpiece Zhuangzi， which has deeply influenced the traditionalOriental art and culture as well as the contemporary western world.

書籍目錄

引言一 莊子時(shí)代二 青少年時(shí)期三 青年時(shí)期四 中年早期五 中年晚期六 晚年七 文學(xué)莊子八 自然莊子九 生活莊子余論延伸閱讀書目譯后記

章節(jié)摘錄

　　莊子的時(shí)代是戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和殺戮的時(shí)代?！　?zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，為了財(cái)富、土地和雄霸天下，各國(guó)之間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)非常頻繁。為了能在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中靠經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事實(shí)力戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)手，各國(guó)進(jìn)行了不同程度的改革。　　魏國(guó)由于魏文侯（前445一前396在位）任用李悝變法，改革政治、獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)耕戰(zhàn)、興修水利、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟(jì)，最早成為強(qiáng)國(guó)。公元前356年，秦孝公任用衛(wèi)鞅變法，秦國(guó)強(qiáng)盛起來。同年，齊國(guó)也進(jìn)行政治改革，國(guó)勢(shì)也強(qiáng)盛起來。楚國(guó)在楚悼王（前401一前38l在位）時(shí)任用吳起變法，雖然沒有取得很大成果，但它保持了原來就是強(qiáng)國(guó)的地位。燕國(guó)也在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中漸露頭角。于是，形成了七強(qiáng)并立的形勢(shì)?！　榱藠Z取更多的土地、人口和稅收，國(guó)與國(guó)之間的兼并戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)更激烈，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)規(guī)模更大了。公元前341年，魏與齊之間的馬陵之戰(zhàn)，魏國(guó)動(dòng)用了“十萬(wàn)之軍”。公元前293年，秦國(guó)大將白起大敗魏軍于華陽(yáng)，斬首15萬(wàn)。戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，由于各國(guó)已普遍實(shí)行郡縣征兵制度，作戰(zhàn)時(shí)所有及齡農(nóng)民都有可能被強(qiáng)迫編入軍隊(duì)。因而，一場(chǎng)大戰(zhàn)往往動(dòng)用幾萬(wàn)、幾十萬(wàn)人馬，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)規(guī)模達(dá)到了前所未有的地步。

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