工程力學(xué)專業(yè)英語

內(nèi)容概要

　　《工程力學(xué)專業(yè)英語》選編了工程力學(xué)專業(yè)涉及的科技英文文章，包括理論力學(xué)、材料力學(xué)、彈性力學(xué)、結(jié)構(gòu)力學(xué)、振動力學(xué)、塑性力學(xué)、實驗力學(xué)、計算力學(xué)、疲勞與斷裂、復(fù)合材料力學(xué)和流體力學(xué)等內(nèi)容，并注意納入相應(yīng)課程的新概念，覆蓋面廣。本書還分單元介紹了英文科技報告、學(xué)位論文、期刊論文寫作技巧和英漢科技文章的翻譯技巧，旨在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科技論文寫作和翻譯的基本技能。各單元課文正文適用于教師精講，第一篇閱讀材料適用于本科生自學(xué)，或在教師指導(dǎo)下學(xué)習(xí)，第二篇閱讀材料內(nèi)容相對較深，主要適用于研究生學(xué)習(xí)參考。此外，每篇文章后面均列出了生詞和短語，附錄中列出了常用專業(yè)詞匯和短語，便于讀者查閱。
　　《工程力學(xué)專業(yè)英語》無論是在內(nèi)容選材還是在內(nèi)容編寫上均具有特色，是一本適用于工程力學(xué)專業(yè)和力學(xué)類專業(yè)本科生的實用教材，也可供土木、機械、材料等相關(guān)工科專業(yè)的本科生、研究生及相關(guān)工程技術(shù)人員學(xué)習(xí)參考。

書籍目錄

目錄回到頂部↑《工程力學(xué)專業(yè)英語》
unit onesome basic concepts of mechanics
writing skill of experimental research report: introduction
(1)
reading material (1): kinetic energy and work
reading material (2): the lagrangian method
unit twothe flexure formula of beams
writing skill of experimental research report: introduction
(2)
reading material (1): metals in mechanical and structural
design
reading material (2): stability of column
unit threewhat is continuum mechanics
writing skill of experimental research report: introduction
(3)
reading material (1): stress
reading material (2): solid mechanics
unit fourhooke’s law
writing skill of experimental research report: method and
materials
reading material (1): basic equations of elastic homogeneous and
isotropic bodies
reading material (2): stress waves in solids
unit fivestatically indeterminate structure
writing skill of experimental research report: results and
discussion
reading material (1): basic structural elements
.reading material (2): general theory of plane trusses
unit sixfree vibrations: one degree of freedom
writing skill of experimental research report: abstract
reading material (1): forced harmonic vibration
reading material (2): response to arbitrary, step, and pulse
excitations
unit sevendescription of elastoplastic material response under
uniaxial case
科技英語翻譯技巧： 科技文章的特點
reading material (1): yield criteria of metals
reading material (2): some plasticity and viscoplasticity
constitutive theories
unit eightexperimental stress analysis
科技英語翻譯技巧： 詞義引申和詞量增減
reading material (1): strain gage system
reading material (2): perspectives in experimental solid
mechanics
unit ninedirect formulation of finite element characteristics
科技英語翻譯技巧： 詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換和句子成分轉(zhuǎn)換
reading material (1): variational principle
reading material (2): generalization of the finite element
concepts
unit tenfatigue of materials
科技英語翻譯技巧： 常見多功能詞的譯法
reading material (1): linear fracture mechanics
reading material (2): fracture mechanics
unit elevenbasic terminology of laminated fiber?reinforced
composite materials
科技英語翻譯技巧： 數(shù)詞的譯法和被動語態(tài)的譯法
reading material (1): macromechanical behavior of a lamina
reading material (2): shape memory alloy and smart hybrid
composites
advanced materials for the 21st century
unit twelvefluid mechanics
科技英語翻譯技巧： 定語從句及同位語從句的譯法
reading material (1): constitutive equations of fluids
reading material (2): finite difference method
unit thirteenrock mechanics
科技英語翻譯技巧： 狀語從句的譯法
reading material (1): special stress?strain states of rock
reading material (2): soil mechanics
unit fourteenstructural optimization
科技英語翻譯技巧： 長句的譯法
reading material (1): research directions in computational
mechanics
reading material (2): new directions in mechanics
附錄： 常用專業(yè)詞匯和用語匯總表
參考文獻

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Tension.Tension is the general name for a force that a rope，stick，etc. ，exerts when it is pulled on.Every piece of the rope feels a tension force in both directions，except the end point，which feels a tension on one side and a force on the other side from whatever object is attached to the end.　　In some cases，the tension may vary along the rope. The“Rope wrapped around a pole”example is a good illustration of this.In other cases，the tension must be the same everywhere.For example，in a hanging massless rope，or in a massless rope hanging over a frictionless pulley，the tension must be the same at all points， because otherwise there would be a net force on at least one tiny piece，and then F=ma would yield an infinite acceleration for this tiny piece. Normal force. This is the force perpendicular to a surface that the the surface appliesto an object. The total force applied by a surface is usually a combination of the normal force and the fric.tion force. But for frictionless surface such as greasy ones or ice，only the normal force exists. The normal force comes about because the surface actually compressesa tiny bit and acts like a very rigid spring. The surface gets squashed until the restoringforce equals the force the object applies.　　Remarks： For the most part，the only difference between a “tension”and a“normalforce”is the direction of the force. Both situations can be modeled by a spring.， In the caseof a tension，the spring （a rope，a stick，or whatever）is stretched，and the force on thegiven object is directed toward the spring.In the case of normal force，the spring is compressed，and the force on the given object is directed away from the spring.Things likesticks can provide both normal forces and tension. But a rope，for example，has a hard timeproviding a normal force.　　In practice，in the case of elongated objects such as stick，a compressive force is usuallycalled a6'compressive tension，or a negative tension，instead of a normal force.So bythese definitions，a tension can point either way. At any rate，it's just semantics. If youuse any of these descriptions for a compressed stick，people will know what you mean.　　Friction. Friction is the force parallel to a surface that a surface applies to an object.Some surfaces，such as sandpaper，have a great deal of friction. Some，such as greasy ones，have essentially no friction. There are two types of friction，called 66kinetic" friction and“static”friction.　　Kinetic friction deals with two objects moving relative to each other.It is usually agood approximation to say that the kinetic friction between two objects is proportional tothe normal force between them. The constant of proportionality is called flk （the“coefficient of kinetic friction”），where pkdepends on the two surfaces involved.Thus，F(xiàn)=UkN，where N is the normal force. The direction of the force is opposite to the motion.　　Static friction deals with two objects at rest relative to each other. In the static case，we have F≤usN （where ，us is the “coefficient of static frictio”）.Note the inequality sign.　　……

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