過程控制儀表技術(shù)

前言

由Curtis D．Johnson教授（LIniversity of Houston）編著的《過程控制儀表技術(shù)》一書自出版以來受到廣泛的歡迎，目前該書已出到第8版，其中添加了許多自動(dòng)化領(lǐng)域新技術(shù)發(fā)展的內(nèi)容，實(shí)現(xiàn)了與最新科技發(fā)展同步的目標(biāo)。全書共分為兩部分，第一部分為前6章，作者從人們對(duì)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備手動(dòng)操作的實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)出發(fā)，系統(tǒng)地介紹了控制原理、控制設(shè)備和控制系統(tǒng)的基本概念。在測(cè)量信號(hào)的變換和處理方面，把工業(yè)儀表中的模擬電路、可編程控制器（PLC）及信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)中的數(shù)字電路結(jié)合工業(yè)電子學(xué)中的基本理論融會(huì)貫通加以介紹。在測(cè)量信號(hào)的獲取方面，重點(diǎn)對(duì)溫度、機(jī)械量和光學(xué)傳感器的原理、器件、特性和應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析。書中第二部分為后6章，首先講述了控制信號(hào)的類型和執(zhí)行器，接著重點(diǎn)介紹了離散、連續(xù)、計(jì)算機(jī)及總線網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成、特點(diǎn)和技術(shù)指標(biāo)。結(jié)合系統(tǒng)的要求，講解了PLC的原理和編程方法，位式控制、PID概念及模擬調(diào)節(jié)器，工業(yè)控制計(jì)算機(jī)硬件、軟件的配置等內(nèi)容。最后介紹了串級(jí)和多變量控制系統(tǒng)以及系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié)質(zhì)量評(píng)定和調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù)的整定方法。盡管涉及工業(yè)測(cè)量和調(diào)節(jié)控制內(nèi)容的同類教材很多，但這本書有它自己的特點(diǎn)：（1）測(cè)量技術(shù)和控制技術(shù)相結(jié)合。把工業(yè)電子學(xué)的知識(shí)和工業(yè)儀表中的模擬電路、信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)中的數(shù)字電路相結(jié)合；把被控系統(tǒng)的特性和調(diào)節(jié)器的功能相結(jié)合。這樣就為控制系統(tǒng)中的裝置與系統(tǒng)、理論與實(shí)際相結(jié)合打下了基礎(chǔ)，克服了目前我國自動(dòng)化專業(yè)教育中理論、系統(tǒng)、裝置、應(yīng)用互相分割的狀況。（2）例題習(xí)題非常豐富。書中每章結(jié)束都有習(xí)題，而且在每個(gè)章節(jié)中還附有大量的例題。這些例題和習(xí)題都是圍繞核心概念，結(jié)合實(shí)際應(yīng)用的典型問題，通過解題可以使讀者加深對(duì)基礎(chǔ)理論的理解，學(xué)會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)和調(diào)試的方法，擴(kuò)展應(yīng)用的思路。

內(nèi)容概要

　　《過程控制儀表技術(shù)（第8版）》共分為兩部分，第一部分為前6章，作者從人們對(duì)生產(chǎn)設(shè)備手動(dòng)操作的實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)出發(fā)，系統(tǒng)地介紹了控制原理、控制設(shè)備和控制系統(tǒng)的基本概念。在測(cè)量信號(hào)的變換和處理方面，把工業(yè)儀表中的模擬電路、可編程控制器（PLC）及信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)中的數(shù)字電路結(jié)合工業(yè)電子學(xué)中的基本理論融會(huì)貫通加以介紹。在測(cè)量信號(hào)的獲取方面，重點(diǎn)對(duì)溫度、機(jī)械量和光學(xué)傳感器的原理、器件、特性和應(yīng)用進(jìn)行丁詳細(xì)的分析。書中第二部分為后6章，首先講述了控制信號(hào)的類型和執(zhí)行器，接著重點(diǎn)介紹了離散、連續(xù)、計(jì)算機(jī)及總線網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成、特點(diǎn)和技術(shù)指標(biāo)。結(jié)合系統(tǒng)的要求，講解了PLC的原理和編程方法，位式控制、PID概念及模擬調(diào)節(jié)器，工業(yè)控制計(jì)算機(jī)硬件、軟件的配置等內(nèi)容。最后介紹了串級(jí)和多變量控制系統(tǒng)以及系統(tǒng)的調(diào)節(jié)質(zhì)量評(píng)定和調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù)的整定方法。

作者簡介

作者：(美國)約翰遜(Curtis D.Johnson)

書籍目錄

1 INTRODUCTION TO PROCESS CONTROL1   Instructional Objectives 1   1.1 Introduction 1   1.2 Control Systems 2   1.3 Process-Control Block Diagram 6   1.4 Control System Evaluation 10   Regulation 1 1.4.4 Evaluation Criteria   1.5 Analog and Digital Processing 14   1.6 Units, Standards, And Definitions 22   1.7 Sensor Time Response 36   1.8 Significance and Statistics 40   Summary | Problems | Supplementary Problems   2 ANALOG SIGNAL CONDITIONING 53   Instructional Objectives 53   2.1 Introduction 53   2.2 Principles of Analog Signal Conditioning 54   2.3 Passive Circuits 58   2.4 OperationalAmplifiers 83   2.5 OP Amp Circuits in instrumentation 89   2.6 Design Guidelines 102   Summary | Problems | Supplementary Problems   3 DIGITAL SIGNAL CONDITIONING 115   Instructional Objectives 115   3.1 Introduction 115   3.2 Review of Digital Fundamentals 116   3.3 Converters 125   3.4 Data-Acquisition Systems 155   3.5 Characteristics of Digital Data 160   Summary | Problems | Supplementary Problems   4 THERMALSENSORS 175   Instructional Objectives 175   4.1 Introduction 175   4.2 Definition of Temperature 176   4.3 Metal Resistance versus Temperature Devices 180   4.4 Thetristors 189   4.5 Thermocouples 193   4.6 OtherThermal Sensors 204   4.7 Design Considerations 211   Summary | Problems | SuDDlementary Problems   5 MECHANICALSENSORS 223   Instructional Objectives 223   5.1 Intfoduction 223   5.2 Displacement, Location, or Position Sensors 224   5.3 St fain Sensors 232   5.4 Motion Sensors 246   5.5 Pressure Sensors 258   5.6 Flow Sensors 267   Summary | Problems | SUDDlementanl Problems   6 OPTICALSENSORS 285   Instructional Obiectives 285   6.1 Intfoduction 285   6.2 Fundamentals of EM Radiation 286   6.3 Photodetectors 296   6.4 Pyrometry 311   6.5 Optical Sources 316   6.6 Applications 322   Summary | Problems | Supplementary Problems   7 FINALCONTROL 333   7.1 Intfoduction 333   7.2 Final Control Operation 334   7.3 Signal Conversions 336   7.4 Power Electronics 342   7.5 Actuators 358   7.6 Control Elements 371   summary | Problems | Supplementary Problems   8 DISCRETE-STATE PROCESS CONTROL 387   8.1 Introduction 387   8.2 Definition of Discrete-State Process Control 388   8.3 Characteristics of the System 389   8.4 Relay Controllers and Ladder Diagrams 403   8.5 Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) 413   summary | Problems | Supplementary Problems   9 CONTROLLER PRINCIPLES 439   9.1 introduction 439   9.2 Process Characteristics 440   9.3 Control System Parameters 442   9.4 Discontinuous Controller Modes 448   9.5 Continuous Controller Modes 457   9.6 Composite Control Modes 466   Summary | Problems | SupDlementary Problems   10 ANALOG CONTROLLERS 481   10.1 intfoduction 481   10.2 General Features 482   10.3 Electronic Controllers 483   10.4 Pneumatic Controllers 500   10.5 Design Considerations 504   summary | Problems | SuDDlementary Problems   11 COMPUTER-BASED CONTROL 513   11.1 Introduction 513   11.2 Digital Applications 514   11.3 Computer-Based Controller 519   11.4 Other Computer Applications 533   11.5 Control SVstem Networks 540   11.6 Computer Controller Examples 550   summary | Problems | Supplementary Problems   12 CONTROL-LOOP CHARACTERISTICS 559   12.1 Introduction 559   12.2 Control System Configurations 560   12.3 Multivariable Control SVstems 564   12.4 Control SVstem Quality 568   12.5 StabilitV 575   12.6 Process-Loop Tuning 580   summary | Problems | SupplementarV Problems   APPENDIXES 599   REFERENCES 636   GLOSSARY 637   acal UTIONS TO THE ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS 641   SOLUTIONS TO THE ODD-NUMBERED PROBLEMS 641   INDEX687

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：1.3.1 Identification of ElementsThe elements of a process-control system are defined in terms of separate functional partsof the system. The following paragraphs define the basic elements of a process-control sys-tem and relate them to the example presented in Section 1.2.Process In the previous example, the flow of liquid in and out of the tank, the tankitself, and the liquid all constitute a process to be placed under control with respect to thefluid level. In general, a process can consist of a complex assembly of phenomena that re-late to some manufacturing sequence. Many variables may be involved in such a process,and it may be desirable to control all these variables at the same time. There are single-variable processes, in which only one variable is to be controlled, as well as multivariableprocesses, in which many variables, perhaps interrelated, may require regulation. Theprocess is often also called the plant.Measurement Clearly, to effect control of a variable in a process, we must haveinformation about the variable itself. Such information is found by measuring the variable.In general, a measurement refers to the conversion of the variable into some correspondinganalog of the variable, such as a pneumatic pressure, an electrical voltage or current, or adigitally encoded signal. A sensor is a device that performs the initial measurement and en-ergy conversion of a variable into analogous digital, electrical, or pneumatic information.Further transformation or signal conditioning may be required to complete the measure-ment function. The result of the measurement is a representation of the variable value insome form required by the other elements in the process-control operation.In the system shown in Figure 1.3, the controlled variable is the level of liquid in thetank. The measurement is performed by some sensor, which provides a signal, s, to the con-troller. In the case of Figure 1.2, the sensor is the sight tube showing the level to the humanoperator as an actual level in the tank.

編輯推薦

《過程控制儀表技術(shù)(第8版)》特色：《過程控制儀表技術(shù)(第8版)》從第1版（1977年）至第8版，歷時(shí)三十佘載，受到廣泛歡迎?！哆^程控制儀表技術(shù)(第8版)》具有明顯特色：測(cè)量技術(shù)和控制技術(shù)相結(jié)合。把工業(yè)電子學(xué)的知識(shí)和工業(yè)儀表中的模擬電路、信號(hào)采集系統(tǒng)中的數(shù)字電路相結(jié)合；把被控系統(tǒng)的特性和調(diào)節(jié)器的功能相結(jié)合。這樣就為控制系統(tǒng)中的裝置與系統(tǒng)、理論與實(shí)際相結(jié)合打下了基礎(chǔ)。內(nèi)容緊密聯(lián)系實(shí)際，書中有很多實(shí)際控制系統(tǒng)和儀表裝置的設(shè)計(jì)范例及典型方法，可供讀者在實(shí)際工程中應(yīng)用。

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