信息技術(shù)專業(yè)英語

出版時間:2009-7  出版社:清華大學(xué)出版社  作者:甘艷平,葉喚倬 主編,陳聰 等編著  頁數(shù):156  
Tag標(biāo)簽:無  

前言

  根據(jù)國家教育部1998年7月6日公布的《普通高等學(xué)校本科專業(yè)目錄》的內(nèi)容,將原經(jīng)濟(jì)信息管理、圖書情報(bào)學(xué)、科技信息管理、林業(yè)信息管理和管理信息系統(tǒng)等專業(yè)合并為管理學(xué)科門類中的信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)。目前,我國已有二百多所高等院校設(shè)置了信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)。該專業(yè)的發(fā)展伴隨著世界信息化的發(fā)展而發(fā)展,為我國培養(yǎng)了大量的信息化專門人才。  網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、信息化、全球經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化是當(dāng)今世界的主要特征。20世紀(jì)90年代,信息技術(shù)不斷創(chuàng)新,信息產(chǎn)業(yè)持續(xù)發(fā)展,信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)廣泛普及,信息化成為全球經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的顯著特征,并逐步向一場全方位的社會變革演變。21世紀(jì),信息化對經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的影響更加深刻,信息資源日益成為重要的生產(chǎn)要素、無形資產(chǎn)和社會財(cái)富。我國信息化發(fā)展的進(jìn)展十分迅速?! 』诖耍畔⒐芾砼c信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)人才培養(yǎng)的任務(wù)十分艱巨。首先要定位,再定向,還要定措施。不同的高校要根據(jù)自己的特色來定位,如:以經(jīng)、法、管理為主的綜合性人文社科大學(xué),其信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)就要定位在和經(jīng)濟(jì)、法律、管理的結(jié)合上,培養(yǎng)的人才主要適合在經(jīng)濟(jì)管理部門、司法部門、企事業(yè)單位等從事信息系統(tǒng)建設(shè)和管理以及科學(xué)研究等工作。定向的具體內(nèi)容由培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)來確定,本專業(yè)直接以信息化建設(shè)的人才需求為培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn),培養(yǎng)熟練掌握現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)手段和方法,具有堅(jiān)實(shí)的現(xiàn)代管理科學(xué)理論知識,具備較強(qiáng)的計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用能力的綜合型、實(shí)用型的高級專門人才。定措施則是要確定對培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)的具體實(shí)施過程和方法,包括師資要求、全程教學(xué)計(jì)劃和教材建設(shè)等?! ‖F(xiàn)各個高校在信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)的教材使用上五花八門,教材主要由任課教師自己選定。計(jì)算機(jī)方面的教材主要選用計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)與技術(shù)專業(yè)的教材,管理方面的教材主要采用管理學(xué)科的教材。盡管近年來一些出版社陸續(xù)出版了幾套信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)的教材,但仍然不能滿足教學(xué)的需要。根據(jù)教育部1998年信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)課程要求,結(jié)合中國高等院校信息系統(tǒng)學(xué)科課程體系課題組撰寫的《中國高等院校信息系統(tǒng)學(xué)科課程體系2005》(征求意見稿)(清華大學(xué)出版社,2005年11月)的內(nèi)容,我們組織長期從事信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)教學(xué)和研究的教師,在清華大學(xué)出版社的大力支持下,經(jīng)過多次討論和研究,組織編委會,制定教材編寫規(guī)劃,審定編寫大綱,并采取主編負(fù)責(zé)制,層層把關(guān),力爭使本套教材成為具有系統(tǒng)性、完備性的高水平、高質(zhì)量的信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)教材。

內(nèi)容概要

本書由信息技術(shù)專業(yè)以及英語專業(yè)兩個不同領(lǐng)域的專家合作編寫,介紹了信息技術(shù)領(lǐng)域不同方向科技英語的用法和特點(diǎn),覆蓋了眾多的信息技術(shù)熱點(diǎn),如操作系統(tǒng)、程序設(shè)計(jì)語言、計(jì)算機(jī)體系結(jié)構(gòu)、網(wǎng)格、嵌入式系統(tǒng)、機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)、信息安全、移動商務(wù)、生物信息學(xué)和無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)等。結(jié)合科技英語使用的要求,本書從閱讀、寫作和翻譯三個方面進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的講解并提供有針對性的訓(xùn)練,相信讀者在使用該書后不僅能夠較好地掌握信息技術(shù)專業(yè)英語的特點(diǎn)和用法,而且對信息技術(shù)的相關(guān)方面也會有更深的了解。  本書可供大學(xué)本科高年級學(xué)生以及研究生作教材使用,也適合那些急需提高自己科技英語水平的IT從業(yè)人員和對信息技術(shù)專業(yè)英語感興趣的人士自學(xué)。

書籍目錄

Unit One  Computer Architecture	 Part One  Reading	  Text A  System Architecture	  Text B  The Component Types Recognized at the Processor Level	 Part Two  Writing	  Writing Salon	  Writing Activity	 Part Three  Translation	  Translation Seminar	  Translation Task	Unit Two  Operating System	 Part One  Reading	  Text A  Operating System	  Text B  Operating System Evolution and Concepts	 Part Two  Writing	  Writing Salon	  Writing Activity	 Part Three  Translation	  Translation Seminar  Translation Task	Unit Three  Programming Languages	 Part One  Reading	  Text A  Early Generations	  Text B  Paradigms of Programming Languages	 Part Two  Writing	  Writing Salon	  Writing Activity	 Part Three  Translation	  Translation Seminar	  Translation Task	Unit Four  Embedded System	 Part One  Reading	  Text A  Embedded System	  Text B  Exemplary Applications of Each Type of Embedded System	 Part Two  Writing	  Writing Salon	  Writing Activity	 Part Three  Translation	  Translation Seminar	  Translation Task	Unit Five  Biological Computer	 Part One  Reading	  Text A  The Digital Brain	  Text B  Computer Science and Bioinformatics	 Part Two  Writing	  Writing Salon	  Writing Activity	 Part Three  Translation	  Translation Seminar	  Translation Task	Unit Six  Information Security	 Part One  Reading	  Text A  Security Mechanisms	  Text B  Secret-Key Cryptography and Public-Key Cryptography	 Part Two  Writing	  Writing Salon	  Writing Activity	 Part Three  Translation	  Translation Seminar	  Translation Task	Unit Seven  Machine Learning	 Part One  Reading	  Text A  Machine Learning and Software Engineering	  Text B  Machine Learning Methods in Assistive Technologies	 Part Two  Writing	  Writing Salon	  Writing Activity	 Part Three  Translation	  Translation Seminar	  Translation Task	Unit Eight  Mobile CommerceUnit Nine  Grid Computing	Unit Ten  Wireless NetworksAppendix A  Key to Exercises	Appendix B    Text Translation參考文獻(xiàn)

章節(jié)摘錄

  Other users sit at workstations, connected to networks of other workstations and serversThese users have dedicated resources at their disposal, but they also share resources such asnetworking and servers——file, compute and print servers. Therefore, their operating system isdesigned to compromise between individual usability and resource utilization  Recently, many varieties of handheld computers have come into fashion. These devices aremostly standalone, used singly by individual users. Some are connected to networks, eitherdirectly by wire or (more often) through wireless modems. Due to power and interfacelimitations they perform relatively few remote operations. The operating systems are designedmostly for individual usability, but performance per amount of battery life is important as well  Some computers have little or no user view. For example, embedded computers in homedevices and automobiles may have a numeric keypad, and may turn indicator lights on or off toshow status, but mostly they and their operating systems are designed to run without userintervention  System View  From the computers point of view, the operating system is the program that is mostintimate with the hardware. We can view an operating system as a resource allocator. Acomputer system has many resourcesmhardware and software——-that may be required to solve aproblem: CPU time, memory space, file-storage space, I/O devices, and so on. The operatingsystem acts as the manager of these resources. Facing numerous and possibly conflictingrequests for resources, the operating system must decide how to allocate them to specificprograms and users so that it can operate the computer system efficiently and fairly

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