環(huán)境法

前言

在21世紀(jì)之初，面臨各種環(huán)境問(wèn)題，人類清醒地認(rèn)識(shí)到要走可持續(xù)發(fā)展之路。而發(fā)展環(huán)境教育是解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題和實(shí)施可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的根本。高等學(xué)校的環(huán)境教育，是提高新世紀(jì)建設(shè)者的環(huán)境意識(shí)，并向社會(huì)輸送環(huán)境保護(hù)專門人才的重要途徑。為了反映國(guó)外環(huán)境類教材的最新內(nèi)容和編寫風(fēng)格，同時(shí)也為了提高學(xué)生閱讀專業(yè)文獻(xiàn)和獲取信息的能力，我們精選了國(guó)外一些優(yōu)秀的環(huán)境類教材，加以影印或翻譯，組成大學(xué)環(huán)境教育叢書。所選教材均在國(guó)外被廣泛采用，多數(shù)已再版，書中不僅介紹了有關(guān)概念、原理及技術(shù)方法，給出了豐富的數(shù)據(jù)，也反映了作者不同的學(xué)術(shù)觀點(diǎn)。我們希望這套叢書的出版能對(duì)高等院校師生和廣大科技人員有所幫助，并為我國(guó)的環(huán)境教育事業(yè)作出貢獻(xiàn)。

內(nèi)容概要

　　《環(huán)境法（第6版）（影印版）》是為沒(méi)有先修過(guò)法律或相關(guān)科技課程的學(xué)生編寫的教材。《環(huán)境法（第6版）（影印版）》首先介紹了法律體系和程序，內(nèi)容包括環(huán)境法淵源、訴訟過(guò)程和其他解決環(huán)境沖突的工具、行政法及其對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。然后簡(jiǎn)要、全面地介紹了環(huán)境法的具體內(nèi)容，涉及環(huán)境法規(guī)與政策、空氣質(zhì)量控制、水質(zhì)控制、有毒物質(zhì)控制、廢物管理與危險(xiǎn)廢物排放、能源、自然資源、國(guó)際環(huán)境法等。書中還提供了理解環(huán)境法所需要的相關(guān)科技背景知識(shí)。各章后含小結(jié)、復(fù)習(xí)與討論題、深入學(xué)習(xí)材料與相關(guān)網(wǎng)站?！　　董h(huán)境法（第6版）（影印版）》可作為高等院校環(huán)境法課程的教材，并供有關(guān)科技人員、管理人員參考。

作者簡(jiǎn)介

作者：(英國(guó))庫(kù)巴塞克 (Kubasek.N.K) (美國(guó))西爾弗曼 (Sliverman.G.S)

書籍目錄

PrefacePART I: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE LAWCHAPTER 1 The American Legal System: The Source of Environmental LawSources of LawClassifications of LawConstitutional Principles Underlying the American Legal SystemQuestions for Review and DiscussionFor Further ReadingOn the InternetNotesResolving Controversial Environmental IssuesCHAPTER 2 The Litigation Process and Other Tools for Resolving Environmental DisputesThe Adversary SystemPrimary Actors in the Legal SystemSteps in Civil LitigationAlternatives to Civil LitigationConcluding RemarksQuestions for Review and DiscussionFor Further ReadingOn the InternetNotesResolving Controversial Environmental IssuesCHAPTER 3 Administrative Law and Its Impact on the EnvironmentCreation of Administrative AgenciesFunctions of Administrative AgenciesLimitations on Agency PowersImportant Agencies Affecting the EnvironmentConcluding RemarksQuestions for Review and DiscussionFor Further ReadingOn the InternetNotesResolving Controversial Environmental IssuesPART II: THE ENVIRONMENTAL LAWSCHAPTER 4 An Introduction to Environmental Law and PolicyThe Need for RegulationAlternative Ways to Control PollutionSubsidies, Emissions Charges, and Marketable Emissions PermitsEvolution of Our Environmental PolicyNational Environmental Policy ActPollution Prevention Act of 1990Concluding RemarksQuestions for Review and DiscussionFor Further ReadingOn the InternetNotesResolving Controversial Environmental IssuesCHAPTER 5 Air-Quality ControlThe Major Air PollutantsSome Significant Air-Quality ProblemsThe Initial Approach to Air-Quality ControlCurrent Approaches to Air-Quality ControlThe 1990 Clean Air Act AmendmentsThe Clear Skies InitiativeSolutions Beyond the Clean Air ActConcluding RemarksQuestions for Review and DiscussionFor Further ReadingOn the InternetNotesResolving Controversial Environmental IssuesCHAPTER 6 Water-Quality ControlThe Major Water PollutantsSome Significant Water-Quality ProblemsProtecting Water Through Government ActionsConcluding RemarksQuestions for Review and DiscussionFor Further ReadingOn the InternetNotesResolving Controversial Environmental IssuesCHAPTER 7 Controlling Toxic SubstancesIdentification of Potentially Toxic SubstancesInternational Regulation of Toxic SubstancesToxic TortsConcluding RemarksQuestions for Review and DiscussionFor Further ReadingOn the InternetNotesResolving Controversial Environmental IssuesCHAPTER 8 Waste Management and Hazardous ReleasesWaste Control TechniquesCERCLA: An OverviewEmergency Response Plans and Right to KnowFederal Response to Contaminated SitesUnderground Storage Tank ProgramConcluding RemarksQuestions for Review and DiscussionFor Further ReadingOn the InternetNotesResolving Controversial Environmental IssuesCHAPTER 9 EnergyEnergy Policy: A Historical OverviewEnergy Consumption and ProductionCoal: The Oldest Energy SourcePetroleum and Natural GasNuclear EnergyRenewable FuelsConcluding RemarksQuestions for Review and DiscussionFor Further ReadingOn the InternetNotesResolving Controversial Environmental IssuesCHAPTER 10 Natural ResourcesProtecting Public LandsForestsRangelandsRegulation of Public LandsWetlands, Estuaries, and Coastal AreasBenefits of WetlandsDestruction of WetlandsRegulations to Preserve Coastal Areas, Estuaries,and WetlandsProtection of the Great LakesWild and Scenic Rivers SystemEndangered SpeciesThe Global Extinction CrisisConcluding RemarksQuestions for Review and DiscussionFor Further ReadingOn the InternetNotesResolving Controversial Environmental IssuesCHAPTER 11 International Environmental LawThe Need for International Environmental LawThe Nature of International LawSources of International Environmental LawInstitutions that Effectuate and Influence InternationalEnvironmental LawAddressing Specific International Environmental ProblemsThe Future of International Environmental LawConcluding RemarksQuestions for Review and DiscussionFor Further ReadingOn the InternetNotesResolving Controversial Environmental IssuesAPPENDIX Abbreviations and AcronymsIndex

章節(jié)摘錄

Although most states are struggling to find a way to draft a constitu-tional law allowing them to keep hazardous waste out of their state, RhodeIsland is trying do just the opposite: it is trying to keep commercial trashinside the state. Rhode Island's Central Landfill cannot, by law, charge thestate's municipalities more than $14 a ton to receive residential trash.Because that amount does not cover disposal costs, the landfill charges up to$59 per ton for commercial trash.The high prices made Central Landfill noncompetitive with dumps inneighboring states, which was a boon to local trucking firms, because they werenow hauling tons of wastes to landfills in neighboring states. Consequently, thestate's Solid Waste Management Corporation decreed that all the state's com-mercial trash had to go to a state-licensed disposal site: Central Landfill. Atrucking firm, claiming the regulation was ruining its business, sued the state onthe ground that the regulation violated the commerce clause. The district courtjudge agreed and issued an injunction in the summer of 1991.Because trash disposal is such a major problem, and cases seeming tosupport a position that state restrictions on out-of-state waste disposal vio-late the commerce clause, Congress is coming under increasing pressure topass some form of legislation that would override at least part of theSupreme Court's recent ruling and allow states to restrict the importation ofwaste. Indeed, Justice O'Connor specifically recognized that if Congressenacted legislation allowing for flow-control ordinances, the Court would bebound by the legislation.36 Measures that would allow states to restrictinterstate transport of nonhazardous waste have been introduced in boththe House and the Senate but, thus far, have not been passed.Like many cases before it, in the case of Huish Detergents, Inc. v. WarrenCounty, KY37 the county ordinance requiring all waste processing to takeplace in a county facility was found to be discriminatory against interstateflow of waste and, thus, a violation of the commerce clause. Because thecounty was mandating that all trash collection be done by one private firmand that the garbage be deposited in state, Huish was unable to contract afirm to take their waste out of state. This action, the Court ruled, is a viola-tion of the Commerce Clause.However, in Houlton Citizen's Coalition v. Town of Houlton,38 the Courtupheld a plan limiting waste disposal to within the town borders because ofa flow-control ordinance and bidding, thus avoiding a per se violation ofthe Commerce Clause. The bidding process was deemed completive, and theburden imposed on interstate commerce was not excessive in relation to thelocal benefits. It is the flow-control ordinance, however, that did the most toescape violation of the Commerce Clause.

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《環(huán)境法》可作為高等院校環(huán)境法課程的教材，并供有關(guān)科技人員、管理人員參考。

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