對(duì)話的邏輯

內(nèi)容概要

人們?nèi)绾问褂谜Z(yǔ)言與理解含義，牽涉的層面不僅只是詞匯本身的意義與組合詞句的意義而已。尤其是對(duì)話中的語(yǔ)言使用，由于涉及多人之間的溝通，因此對(duì)萬(wàn)事萬(wàn)物的感官與感覺(jué)，事物發(fā)生的邏輯關(guān)連性，語(yǔ)言使用者的共有知識(shí)以及彼此是否有共同的信念等因素都必須一并考慮，才能確保對(duì)話能如愿如理的進(jìn)行。形式語(yǔ)義學(xué)將詞句的語(yǔ)言含義以符號(hào)與運(yùn)算，定義定理與規(guī)則，也同時(shí)把詞句間的篇章相關(guān)性呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。這是很好的方法。解析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理論（Hobbs 1985, Grosz and Sidner 1986, Mann and Thompson 1988, Kamp and Reyle 1993 etc.）應(yīng)用在對(duì)話語(yǔ)體時(shí)，有時(shí)缺少能動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整的彈性。本書(shū)所提出的語(yǔ)段篇章表述理論(Segmented Discourse Representation Theory, SDRT) 是篇章表述理論(Discourse Representation Theory, DRT) (Asher 1993)的延伸。也是一個(gè)能與動(dòng)態(tài)語(yǔ)義理論架構(gòu)相結(jié)合的形式邏輯理論，定義清楚而且可以應(yīng)用于對(duì)話互動(dòng)的形式語(yǔ)義模型。

書(shū)籍目錄

導(dǎo)讀 preface figures acknowledgements 1 motivations  1.1 what this book is, and is not, about  1.2 motivating rhetorical relations  1.3 rhetorical relations in corpora  1.4 conclusions 2 semantic models of discourse interpretation  2.1 introduction  2.2 dynamic semantics  2.3 drss:syntax and semantics  2.4 construction and underspecification  2.5 why dynamic semantics is not enough  2.6 conclusion 3 pragmatic models of discourse interpretation  3.1 introduction  3.2 traditional theories of pragmatics  3.3 cognitive approaches to discourse interpretation  3.4 other theories that use rhetorical relations  3.5 empirical approaches to discourse interpretation  3.6 some concluding remarks 4 the logical form of discourse  4.1 introduction  4.2 underspecification and pragmatic supplementation  4.3 underspecified logical forms for clauses  4.4 the syntax of the discourse language  4.5 a language for describing logical forms  4.6 the vocabulary of discourse relations  4.7 hierarchical structure and availability  4.8 the logic of information content  4.9 unpacking the truth conditions: an example  4.10 introducing holes into discourse structures  4.11 conclusion 5 building logical forms for discourse  5.1 introduction  5.2 filling in holes  5.3 the glue language  5.4 some formal details  5.5 transferring information into the glue language  5.6 some default rules for inferring discourse relations  5.7 inferring discourse relations: some examples  5.8 putting the pieces together: sdrs update  5.9 working through a bigger example  5.10 formulating maximal discourse coherence  5.11 interpreting presuppositions  5.12 conclusions 6 the lexicon and discourse structure  6.1 introduction  6.2 what is in the lexicon?  6.3 lexical semantics in review  6.4 lexical information to discourse structure  6.5 from discourse structure to lexical interpretation  6.6 conclusion 7 discourse relations for dialogue  7.1 introduction  7.2 why dialogue and monologue are similar  7.3 some differences between monologue and dialogue  7.4 sdrt and speech acts  7.5 technical details of sdrt for dialogue  7.6 simple relations for dialogue  7.7 conclusions 8 disputes in dialogue  8.1 introduction  8.2 some motivating examples  8.3 correction: the analysis of one divergent relation  8.4 settledness  8.5 an analysis of an extended example  8.6 conclusion 9 cognitive modelling  9.1 introduction  9.2 cognitive modelling for discourse interpretation  9.3 from cognitive models to discourse structure  9.4 axioms for discourse relations based on structure  9.5 applications  9.6 more implicatures:turn taking  9.7 conclusions 10 some concluding remarks  10.1 what we've done  10.2 the dynamic i.ogic of information content  10.3 semantic underspeeification  10.4 discourse update  10.5 the logic of the lexicon  10.6 the logic of cognitive modelling  10.7 comparison with other theories  10.8 where we go from here a objections and replies  a.1 introduction  a.2 questions of detail  a.3 questions of principle b notation index  b.1 information content:object language  b.2 information content:metalanguage  b.3 underspecified information content:the language lulf  b.4 underspecified information content:metalanguage  b.5 glue logic: object language  b.6 glue logic: metalanguage  b.7 discourse update  b.8 cognitive modelling language c the semantics of drt d glossary of discourse relations  d.1 introduction  d.2 content-level relations  d.3 text structuring relations  d.4 cognitive-level discourse relations  d.5 divergent relations  d.6 metatalk relations e summary of discourse update  e.1 summary of the glue-logic axioms  e.2 discourse update definitions f some proofs in the glue logic  f.1 the specificity principle  f.2 an example involving specificity references index citation index

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