英美法導讀

前言

本教材是根據(jù)我在煙臺大學法學院的授課內(nèi)容編寫的，是對第一版的修正和更新。其中部分內(nèi)容參考了相關問題的一些著作，參考文獻在本書最后列出。書中其他內(nèi)容是本人的觀點和研究成果，這些在大多數(shù)英美法書籍中是沒有涉及的，但我相信它們是英美法整體中密不可分的一部分。本書的研究對象主要是美國法和美國法律制度，這是因為美國不僅沿用了與大陸法系國家成文法系統(tǒng)相對的普通法體系，并且美國擁有世界上最豐富和最有影響力的法律和法律制度，它的國際影響是前所未有、無法逾越的。目前大多數(shù)以普通法為內(nèi)容的英美法專著在一定程度上說是缺乏系統(tǒng)性的，因而實際僅僅是對英美法的簡介，其行文沒有組織結(jié)構(gòu)，內(nèi)容很大程度上是一堆相關材料的堆集和羅列，全無有意義的體系構(gòu)建和前后聯(lián)結(jié)。這些書可謂只見樹木，不見森林。可以說，這樣的書之所以不成功主要是由于沒有對法律整體以及英美法做適當?shù)母拍罱缍āＡ硪粋€問題在于這些作者誤認為法律淵源是真正的法律，同時，他們也忽視了探尋訴訟中的法律所最終呈現(xiàn)出最具意味的權(quán)威有效的動態(tài)裁判過程。此外，早期專著沒有正確地在政治和道德層面上剖析法律的本質(zhì)與精英權(quán)力之間的互動關系。本教材中的內(nèi)容著力于英美法的構(gòu)成和特征，書中許多地方都表現(xiàn)了這一點，而實體法的內(nèi)容尤其是私法方面沒有涉及。因此，書中幾乎沒有這方面的討論，當談到私法命題時，更多的是從法律制度這一宏觀的角度來探討的。相反，本教材的重點放在了現(xiàn)實發(fā)生的熱點問題上，比如司法判例或更廣泛領域的一些案例，其中包括正在發(fā)生的經(jīng)濟衰退、金融危機以及監(jiān)管方案、緊急援助計劃和國有化與救市計劃。這些焦點和問題囊括了各種對立概念的激烈交鋒，如大政府與小政府、自由主義與保守主義、控制監(jiān)管導向與自由放任的資本主義市場經(jīng)濟、國家權(quán)力與社會力量、公共權(quán)威與私人力量之間的關系和相互作用等。這些研究也強調(diào)了立法、裁判執(zhí)行和司法消極性的基礎性地位，最主要的是我們通過現(xiàn)實在國家權(quán)力和社會參與兩方面闡述了精英權(quán)力的本質(zhì)和影響，以及權(quán)力和效力的關系和區(qū)別。

內(nèi)容概要

　　《英美法導讀（第2版）》主要以美國的法律和法律體系為闡述對象，采用體系化的研究方法，在體例及內(nèi)容上力求構(gòu)建一個有機的英美法體系。《英美法導讀（第2版）》力圖強調(diào)英美法體系的組成部分、整體面貌及其個性特征。為正確理解英美法，《英美法導讀（第2版）》以專題形式從訴訟、法律推理、法律研究、法律資源等方面來闡述美國法，向讀者展現(xiàn)一個良好法律體系的構(gòu)建過程。《英美法導讀（第2版）》濃墨重彩之處在于法律制定、廢除、修改的過程及具體操作，闡明了判決如何確定，判決制訂者如何相互作用，以及法律規(guī)則如何最終形成等?！队⒚婪▽ёx（第2版）》系導讀性著作，但又有一定的深度，作者采用英文寫作，語言簡練易懂，可讀性強，為讀者創(chuàng)造了一個良好的英關法語境?！队⒚婪▽ёx（第2版）》可供大學師生學習英美法使用，也可供科研人員、法律實務人員參考。

作者簡介

李國利，教授，男，1935年生于山東煙臺，1959年畢業(yè)于臺灣大學法律系。1963離開臺灣赴加拿大深造，在麥吉爾大學空間法研究所、圖書館信息科學院攻讀，并于1968年分別取得這兩個專業(yè)的碩士學位。此后在麥吉爾大學空間法研究所、麥吉爾大學法學院執(zhí)教，直到2010年退休。李國利教授對空間法、國際法和法哲學都有濃厚的興趣。在這些領域發(fā)表了很多文章，并著有最全面的多卷本世界空間法百科全書。

書籍目錄

Chapter One：Anglo·American Law and YouSection One：A Political and Moral Perspective——I Am the LawSection Two：Anglo-American Law DefinedA.Common law（共同法或習慣法、普通法）CountriesB.The Subjects of Common law Section Three：Study of Anglo-American Law-Why，What，and HowA.What is or Counts as Foreign Law——Definition and ClarificationB.Why for the Study of Anglo-American LawC.Reasons for Study-A SummaryD.Imphcations of Globalization of Law：International Trade，Commerce，and Private Law——Unification and Uniform ApplicationE.Similarity of Private Law WorldwideSection Four：Factors and Considerations Affecting Choice of Foreign LawA.Foreign law chosen on the basis of shared history and traditionB.Foreign law chosen on the basis of superior human value conditionsC.Foreign law chosen on the basis of special relationshipD.Foreign law chosen on the basis of superior legal structure and frameworkE.Foreign law chosen on the basis of the rationality of the substantive content Ofits lawsSection Five：Methodology and Approach of Foreign Law StudyA.How Should Anglo-American Law Be StudiedSection Six：Importance of Knowledge of Legal Research and Legal MaterialsSection Seven：Need for the Study of Foreign Law in VernacularSection Eight：The“What”（the Subject Matter）of StudyA.Hot Topics and In·demand Subject or Issue：Reactive ResearchB.Topics or Issues for Scholarly and Theoretical ResearchC.Study the Common Law as a Unique Legal SystemD.Study the Philosophical Ideas Informing Anglo-American LawSection Nine：Sources，Texts，and Materials of the Study of Anglo-American LawSection Ten：Conditions and Factors Determinative of the Need and Viability of Legal Transplant Chapter Two：Sources of Law in GeneralSection One：Codes（法典）and Statutes（制定法）Section Two：Regulations（規(guī)章，條例），Decrees（判決，裁定），andAdministrative Directives（行政命令、行政規(guī)章）Section Three：Binding Nature or Significance of Administrative DirectivesSection Four：Judicial DecisionsSection Five：Non.state or Unofficial Sources of Law A.Reason as a SourceB.Fundamental Importance of Doctrine or Legal Writing：Scholarly LawC.Interdisciplinary Research and Works as SourcesD.Intelligence，Idea，Proposal，and Recommendation as Source  Section Six：Legal Pluralism and Legal Centralism——Written Law（成文法）vis-a-vis Unwritten Law（不成文法）.Express vis-a-visImplicit Law，Law in Book vis-a-vis Law in ActionA.Pre-（state）Law（國家成立前的法律）B.Relative Insignificance of Judicial Law（Settlement of Disputes）C.Implicit Law，Unwritten or Autonomous OrderingSection Seven：CustomSection Eight：Sources of American Law Worthy of Special MentionA.Statute LawB.Constitution as a SourceC.Treaties（條約）and International AgreementsD.Administrative Law（行政法）E.Compilations and Consolidations of LawsF.Court RulesG.Uniforill State LawH.Secondary AuthorityI.Restatement of Law：Nature and StatusJ.View of Formalism（形式主義）versus Realism（現(xiàn)實主義）as to WhatCOlints as I.awK.Authoritative and Efiective Decision as a SourceL.Integration of All Sources of Law-Generating Actions and DecisionsSection Nine：Reason as a Source（of Law）Chapter Three：The Common LawSection One：Historical Development of the Common LawA.First，The Anglo-Saxon Period（盎格魯一撒克遜時代）（Preceding the Norman Conquest，1066）B.Second，F(xiàn)ormation of the Common Law（1066-1485）：From Writs（令狀） to Actions on the CaseC.Third Period：Growth of Equity（衡平法）（1485-1832）D.Fourth Period：The Modem Period  Section Two：Special Characteristics of English Law of English LawA.Distinct Characteristics of English Common LawB.Courts Decide Fate of Statutes through InterpretationC.Courts Apply Principles Derived from StatutesSection Three：Certain Characteristics of the Common Law AuthoritySection Four：Sources of the British Common LawSection Five：Importance of Legal Structure，Defining Categories and ConceptsSection Six：English Judicial OrganizationSection Seven：Judicial Authority in EnglandSection Eight：Form and Content of English Judgments Chapter Four：Legal System and Foundation of Law of the United StatesSection One：General RemarkSection Two：Reasons for Choice of FocusSection Three：Spirit and Fundamental Characteristics of American Law and SocietyA.Liberty，Rights，and Government by ConsentB.Individualism，Competing Values，and Personal ChoiceC.Distrust of Government：Separation and Limitation of Powers，Checks and Balances（政府機關彼此之間的相互制衡），Political Accountability，and the Bill of RightsD.Pragmatism in Law（法律的實用主義）E.Government under the Rule of LawF T01eranceG.OptimismH.Unity out of Diversity（差異帶來的統(tǒng)一或聯(lián)合）I.Diversity as Divisiveness（差異引起的分歧）：Disquieting Factors and Troubling Voices（不安定因素和聲音）J.American GreedK.Corporate Bonuses，Compensations and Other Perks and ImprudenceL.A Nation of Excessive and Cheap Credit and Voracious DebtorsSection Four：Basic Constitutional and Political StructureSection Five：Division and Limits of Legal Authority of the United StatesA.Originality of American LawB.P1ace of Statute in American Law：the Abnormal or Excessive Attitude toward StatuteSection Six：Allocation of Legal Authority between Federal and State GovernmentsA.Inherent Legal Authority of the StatesB.Jurisdiction of Federal Law versus Jurisdiction of State LawC.Supremacy ClauseD.Preemption Controversies（優(yōu)先適用爭議）E.Derivative Principle of Preemption Clause（優(yōu)先適用條款的派生原則）F.Continued Importance of State and Local LawSection Seven：Judicial OrganizationA.Organization of CourtsB.Administrative Agencies and Tribunals（行政機關和行政法庭）C.State Courts（州法院）D.Jury Section Eight：Allocation of Judicial AuthorityA.Gener AllocationB.Two Primary Bases of Federal JurisdictionC.Structure Parallel Systems of Adjudication：Judicial Dualism（司法二元主義）D.Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act（外國主權(quán)豁免法），28 U.S.C Para.1330E.Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court Section Nine：Reception of the Common Law in the United StatesA.Ignorance and Slight of the Common Law……Chapter Five:Case Law :Form,Nature and Function of Judicial DecisionsChapter Six:United States Law in Action (訴訟中的):the Operative and Interactive DynamicsChapter Seven:Good Legal System,Good Laws and Good Decision-makers LawyersChapter Eight:Legal Reason and Executing Decision

章節(jié)摘錄

Comparative legal study for the purpose of seeking out persuasive authority inforeign law usually flourishes on the bedrock of shared history and tradition，especially in countries with similar social，political，and economic conditions，andinstitutions，and with commonly cherished value systems.However，fidelity to legal tradition is purely due to the impulse of blindlyobedience to the founding constitutive moment，a formal authoritarianism（獨裁主義）.This is increasingly evident as the founding text has been subject to ceaseless.constant and multiple bombardments and changes in its home country and has longlost its originality，and its present face and content are formed and transformed bythe contemporary and changing conditions of a social，political，and economic naturein the home country.Thus，to require fidelity to a legal tradition for an adoptingcountry with a completely different conditions and circumstances becomes even moreuntenable.The only rational thing to do is to regard legal tradition as authority ofreason like any other authority informed primarily by its substantive content.From the perspective that law reflects the value quality and conditions embodiedin authoritative and effective decisions.it would seem reasonable and natural that thelaw of some of the most successful and powerful countries in the political，social，economic，military，environmental，or human rights field should be chosen.The assumption is simply that countries that excel in most of these important areas of human dignity values would most likely enjoy a more just and effective legal system and a healthy corpus of good laws.

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