美國(guó)歷史文化

前言

《美國(guó)歷史文化》是在內(nèi)容依托教學(xué)理念指導(dǎo)下，依托國(guó)家哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)項(xiàng)目“英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段內(nèi)容依托式教學(xué)改革研究”推出的系列英語(yǔ)內(nèi)容依托教材之一，是大連外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院和遼寧省兩級(jí)教學(xué)成果一等獎(jiǎng)并獲得國(guó)家級(jí)教學(xué)成果二等獎(jiǎng)。這套系列教材的推出具有重要的理論意義和重大的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。隨著我國(guó)英語(yǔ)教育的快速發(fā)展，英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)長(zhǎng)期貫徹的“以技能為導(dǎo)向”的課程建設(shè)理念及教學(xué)理念已經(jīng)難以滿(mǎn)足社會(huì)的需要。專(zhuān)家教師們密切關(guān)注的現(xiàn)行英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教育大、中、小學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)脫節(jié)，語(yǔ)言、內(nèi)容教學(xué)割裂，單純語(yǔ)言技能訓(xùn)練過(guò)多，專(zhuān)業(yè)內(nèi)容課程不足，學(xué)科內(nèi)容課程系統(tǒng)性差，高低年級(jí)內(nèi)容課程安排失衡及其導(dǎo)致的學(xué)生知識(shí)面偏窄、知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)欠缺、思辨能力偏弱、綜合素質(zhì)發(fā)展不充分等問(wèn)題日益凸顯。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題，國(guó)家哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)項(xiàng)目“英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段內(nèi)容依托式教學(xué)改革研究”以?xún)?nèi)容依托教學(xué)（CBI）理論為指導(dǎo)，確定了如下改革思路：（一）更新語(yǔ)言教學(xué)理念，改革英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教學(xué)的課程結(jié)構(gòu)。在不改變專(zhuān)業(yè)總體培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)和教學(xué)時(shí)限的前提下，對(duì)課程結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行革命性的變革，改變傳統(tǒng)單一的語(yǔ)言技能課程模式，實(shí)現(xiàn)內(nèi)容課程——語(yǔ)言課程的融合，擴(kuò)展學(xué)生的知識(shí)面，提高學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言技能。（二）開(kāi)發(fā)課程自身潛力，同步提高專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言技能。內(nèi)容依托課程本身也同時(shí)關(guān)注內(nèi)容和語(yǔ)言，把內(nèi)容教學(xué)和語(yǔ)言教學(xué)有機(jī)結(jié)合。以英語(yǔ)為媒介，系統(tǒng)教授專(zhuān)業(yè)內(nèi)容；以專(zhuān)業(yè)內(nèi)容為依托，在使用語(yǔ)言過(guò)程中提高語(yǔ)言技能，擴(kuò)展學(xué)生的知識(shí)面。（三）改革教學(xué)方法手段，全面提高語(yǔ)言技能和綜合素質(zhì)。依靠?jī)?nèi)容依托教學(xué)在方法上的靈活性，通過(guò)問(wèn)題驅(qū)動(dòng)、輸出驅(qū)動(dòng)等方法調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)，把啟發(fā)式、任務(wù)式、討論式、結(jié)對(duì)子、小組活動(dòng)、課堂展示、多媒體手段等行之有效的活動(dòng)與學(xué)科內(nèi)容教學(xué)有機(jī)結(jié)合，提高學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言技能，激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的自主性和創(chuàng)造性，提升思辨能力和綜合素質(zhì)。本項(xiàng)改革突破了我國(guó)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱規(guī)定的課程結(jié)構(gòu)，改變了英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段通過(guò)開(kāi)設(shè)單純的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)四種語(yǔ)言技能課提高學(xué)生語(yǔ)言技能的傳統(tǒng)課程建設(shè)理念，對(duì)英語(yǔ)課程及教學(xué)方法進(jìn)行了創(chuàng)新性的改革。首創(chuàng)了有英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段具有我國(guó)特色的內(nèi)容——語(yǔ)言融合的課程體系；率先開(kāi)發(fā)了適合英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段的內(nèi)容依托課程；系統(tǒng)開(kāi)發(fā)了英語(yǔ)國(guó)家史、地、社會(huì)文化、歐洲文化、中國(guó)文化、跨文化交際、《圣經(jīng)》文化教材；以英語(yǔ)為媒介，系統(tǒng)教授專(zhuān)業(yè)內(nèi)容；以?xún)?nèi)容為依托，全面發(fā)展學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言技能；擴(kuò)展學(xué)生的知識(shí)面，提高學(xué)生的綜合素質(zhì)，以嶄新的途徑實(shí)現(xiàn)英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)教育的總體培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)。經(jīng)過(guò)七年的醞釀、準(zhǔn)備、實(shí)驗(yàn)，內(nèi)容依托教學(xué)改革取得了鼓舞人心結(jié)果。

內(nèi)容概要

《美國(guó)歷史文化》是在內(nèi)容依托教學(xué)理念指導(dǎo)下，基于國(guó)家哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)項(xiàng)目“英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)階段內(nèi)容依托式教學(xué)改革研究”推出的系列英語(yǔ)教材之一。    《美國(guó)歷史文化》適用于英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)一、二年級(jí)學(xué)生，也適用于具有中學(xué)英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)的非英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)生和英語(yǔ)愛(ài)好者學(xué)習(xí)。本教材具備以下主要特色：    遵循了全新的教學(xué)理念    以美國(guó)歷史文化發(fā)展為線(xiàn)索，展現(xiàn)美國(guó)各段所史進(jìn)程中的國(guó)家概況，既訓(xùn)練語(yǔ)言技能，也豐富相關(guān)知識(shí)。    涉及了系統(tǒng)的歷史內(nèi)容    幫助讀者了解美國(guó)各段歷史時(shí)期的重大事件，系統(tǒng)介紹美國(guó)歷史文化發(fā)展背景。    引進(jìn)了真實(shí)的教學(xué)材料    真實(shí)、地道的語(yǔ)言材料，穿插圖表、照片等真實(shí)的視覺(jué)材料，表現(xiàn)手段活潑，效果生動(dòng)直觀。    設(shè)計(jì)了新穎的教材板塊    每一單元均包括課前熱身、課文正文、課后練習(xí)、輔助閱讀、專(zhuān)有名詞列表、娛樂(lè)園地等。結(jié)構(gòu)安排系統(tǒng)合理，突出學(xué)生的主體地位。    提供了多樣的訓(xùn)練活動(dòng)    培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言和知識(shí)進(jìn)行溝通的能力、邏輯思維能力和探索求知的能力。    推薦了經(jīng)典的學(xué)習(xí)材料    在每個(gè)章節(jié)的最后部分向?qū)W生推薦經(jīng)典的書(shū)目、影視作品、名詩(shī)欣賞以及英文歌曲等學(xué)習(xí)資料，延伸課堂教學(xué)，激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)熱情。

書(shū)籍目錄

Unit 1 The Age of Exploration　Text A Early Exploration and Settlements　Text B Columbus’S Discovery of America　Text C Spanish Discovery o f the New World　Text D The Legacy of the Puritans　Text E The Thanksgiving StoryUnit 2 The Colonial America　Text A The Original l3 Colonies　Text B Colonial Liice of the Early Settlers　Text C Slavery in Colonial AmericaUnit 3 The Road to Independence　Text A The War o f Independence　Text B The American Revolution　Text C Causes of the American RevolutionUnit 4 The Young Republic　Text A The Creation of a National Government　Text B Benj amin Franklin　Text C The Essence Of the ConstitutionUnit 5 The Westward Movement　Text A The Frontier of the American West　Text B The Donner Party　Text C Louisiana PurchaseUnit 6 The Civil War　Text A Causes ofthe Civil War　Text B The Gettysburg Address　Text C Eye Witness Accounts of the Assassination　Text D Cost Of the WarUnit 7 Reconstruction（1865～1877）　Text A Reconstruction after the Civil War　Text B Education after the Civil War　Text C The Ku Klux Klan　Text D A Shattered Fairy TaleUnit 8 The Gilded Age（1877-1917）　Text A The Gilded Age　Text B Industrialization　Text C The Gilded Age SocietyUnit 9 America in World War Ⅰ（1914—1918）　Text A The U．S．A．a(chǎn)nd World War Ⅰ　Text B Wilson’S Declaration of Neutrality　Text C U．S．Entry into World War Ⅰ109Unit 10 The Roaring Twenties　Text A The Roaring Twenties　Text B Formation of Modern American Mass Culture　Text C The Lost GenerationUnit 11 The Great Depression　Text A The Great Depression in America　Text B The Great Depression　Text C Iowa in the l920s and the l930s　TeXt D Franklin D．RooseveltUnit 12 America in World War Ⅱ　Text A W0rld War Ⅱ　Text B The Origins of World War Ⅱ　Text C War in Europe　Text D War in the Pacitic　Text E American Domestic Situation During World War ⅡUnit 13 Postwar American Society　Text A American Society in the l950s　Text B The Postwar Economy：1945—1960　Text C DesegregationUnit 14 American in TransitionUnit 15 Toward a New CenturyAppendixes

章節(jié)摘錄

插圖：Marco Polo was a merchant who had traveled east to China. After seeing the greatwealth of China, Marco Polo returned to Europe and wrote about the wonders he hadseen. Some Europeans did not believe Polo's amazing stories. Others, however, wereeager to visit Asia and get some wealth for themselves.Christopher Columbus read and believed Marco Polo's story and devised a plan to sailto Asia. He wanted to visit the lands of China. Columbus thought that if he sailed westfrom Europe he would eventually come to Asia. Columbus landed on the island of SanSalvador on October 12, 1492. Because Columbus thought he had reached India, a part ofAsia, he referred to the people on the island as Indians. Even though Columbus wasthousands of miles away from India, the name he gave to the Native Americans remains tothis day, and the islands he reached are now called the West Indies.Columbus visited several islands in the West Indies as he continued his search forgold. On this first journey, Columbus never actually landed on the coast of North orSouth America. Columbus made three more journeys to America. On each one he showedhis superior talents as a navigator.Columbus was a great man because he showed others the way to do something thatwas supposedly impossible——sail across the unknown ocean. Soon after Columbus earlyvoyages, other men sailed west. Columbus led the way for the settlement of the NewWorld, part of which was to become the United States of America.After news of Columbus discovery spread, other sea captains lost their fear ofsaiing across the Atlantic Ocean. They were eager to make their own discoveries. Onesuch explorer, an Italian named Amerigo Vespucci, claimed that he had crossed theAtlantic Ocean four times between 1497 and 1500. He wrote a letter saying, "I havefound a new world. "Although Columbus really found the New World before Vespucci, Vespucci was thefirst person to call it the "New World. " In 1507, a German mapmaker did not know whatname to give the New World. After reading Vespucci's letters, the mapmaker decided toname the New World "America" in honor of the man he thought had discovered it——Amerigo Vespucci.

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