語言學基礎教程

前言

　　隨著高等教育事業(yè)的發(fā)展和社會對高層次人才的需求的日益增長，本科生教材的正規(guī)化和系統(tǒng)化的必要性越來越明顯。語言學知識在高等教育乃至整個社會發(fā)展中的作用已不言而喻。為使學生能夠系統(tǒng)地掌握語言學知識，滿足高校培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新型、應用型人才的需要，我們應北京大學出版社的邀請編寫了《語言學基礎教程》（中、英文版）。　　本教材的使用者主要為全國各高校英語專業(yè)的本科生。在內容方面，體現(xiàn)本科階段課堂教學的特點，在提供基本知識的同時，更注重教材的科學性、系統(tǒng)性、實用性和時代性。在編寫過程中，我們力求“化難為簡”，盡量做到概念清晰，既要保證知識的系統(tǒng)性，又要避免術語的堆砌。本教材在傳授基本知識與概念的同時，通過豐富的實例提供了有關語言分析和描述的基本方法，同時強調語言學與其他學科的聯(lián)系，以便適應創(chuàng)新型人才培養(yǎng)的需要。為使學生鞏固所學知識并進一步學習有關知識，每一章后都有練習題。全書共有十四章，教師可以根據(jù)教學大綱的課時安排和課堂教學的需要，合理地安排教學。　　《語言學基礎教程》的作者是來自全國13所211工程大學的知名中青年學者，都是教學第一線的英語教師，具有豐富的語言學研究和教學經(jīng)驗。

內容概要

　　《語言學基礎教程》包括語言與語言學、語音學與音位學、形態(tài)學、句法學、語義學、語用學、語篇分析、歷史語言學、文體學、社會語言學、跨文化交際、心理語言學、認知語言學、應用語言學等十四章。在內容方面，《語言學基礎教程》在提供基本知識的同時，更注重教材的科學性、系統(tǒng)性、實用性和時代性。在編寫過程中，我們力求“化難為簡”，盡量做到概念清晰，既要保證知識的系統(tǒng)性，又要避免術語的堆砌?！墩Z言學基礎教程》在傳授基本知識與概念的同時，通過豐富的實例提供了有關語言分析和描述的基本方法，并強調語言學與其他學科的聯(lián)系，以便適應創(chuàng)新型人才培養(yǎng)的需要。

書籍目錄

Chapter 1 Language and Linguistics1.1 What is language？1.2 The design features of language1.3 The origin of language1.4 What is linguistics？1.5 The scope of linguistics1.6 A brief history of linguistics1.6.1 Saussure as the father of modern linguistics1.6.2 American structuralism1.6.3 Generative linguistics1.6.4 Functional linguisticsQuestions and ExercisesChapter 2 Phonetics and Phonology: The Sounds and Sound Patterns of Language2.1 Introduction2.2 Phonetics2.2.1 Speech organs2.2.2 Consonants2.2.3 Vowels2.2.4 Transcription of speech sounds2.3 Phonology2.3.1 Phoneme2.3.2 Phone and allophone2.3.3 Phonotacties2.3.4 Prosodic features: stress, tone and intonation2.3.5 Co-articulation effects2.4 SummaryQuestions and ExercisesChapter 3 Morphology: The Word Structure of Language3.1 Introduction3.2 The words of language3.3 The structure of words3.4 Morpheme, morph and allomorph3.5 Classification of morphemes3.5.1 Free morphemes and bound morphemes3.5.2 Roots and affixes3.5.3 Inflectional morphemes and derivational morphemes3.6 Word formation processes3.6.1 Derivation3.6.2 Compounding3.6.3 Conversion3.6.4 Blending3.6.5 Backformation3.6.6 Abbreviation or shortening3.7 SummaryQuestions and ExercisesChapter 4 Syntax: The Sentence Structure of Language4.1 Introduction4.2 Sentence structure4.2.1 Definition of sentence4.2.2 The linear structure of sentence4.2.3 The hierarchical structure of sentence4.3 The traditional approach4.4 The structural approach4.4.1 Immediate constituent analysis4.4.2 Endocentric and exocentric constructions4.5 The transformational-generative approach4.5.1 The TG model of grammar4.5.2 Syntactic structure4.5.3 Movement4.6 The functional approach4.6.1 Functions of language4.6.2 Functional analysis of syntactic structure4.7 SummaryQuestions and ExercisesChapter 5 Semantics: The Meaning of Language5.1 Introduction5.2 Approaches to meaning5.3 Sense and reference5.4 Word meaning5.4.1 Grammatical meaning and lexical meaning5.4.2 Classification of lexical meaning5.4.3 Sense relations5.4.4 Semantic field5.5 Sentence meaning5.5.1 Definition of sentence meaning5.5.2 Semantic relations at the sentential level5.6 Ambiguity5.7 Semantic analysis5.7.1 Componential Analysis5.7.2 Predication AnalysisQuestions and ExercisesChapter 6 Pragmatics: The Use of Language in Context6.1 Introduction6.2 Pragmatics as a new branch of linguistics6.2.1 Defining pragmatics6.2.2 Syntax, semantics and pragmatics6.3 Speech Act Theory6.3.1 Constatives and performatives6.3.2 Locution, illocution, and perlocution6.3.3 Felicity conditions6.3.4 Classification of speech acts6.4 Theory of conversational implicature6.4.1 The notion of implicature6.4.2 Cooperative Principle and its maxims6.4.3 Flouting the maxims6.5 Politeness Principle6.5.1 Politeness: The principle and the maxims6.5.2 Clashes between the maxims6.6 SummaryQuestions and ExercisesChapter 7 Discourse Analysis: Language above the Sentence7.1 Introduction7.2 What is discourse analysis？7.3 Cohesion7.3.1 Reference7.3.2 Substitution7.3.3 Ellipsis7.3.4 Conjunction7.3.5 Lexical cohesion7.4 Coherence7.5 The structure of discourse7.5.1 Thematic structure and information structure7.5.2 The structure of conversations7.5.3 Patterns in written discourse7.6 ConnectionsQuestions and ExercisesChapter 8 Historical Linguistics: Language through Time8.1 Introduction8.2 When language changes8.3 How language changes8.3.1 Phonological change8.3.2 Lexical change8.3.3 Grammatical change8.4 Why language changes8.4.1 External causes8.4.2 Internal causes8.5 SummaryQuestions and ExercisesChapter 9 Stylistics: Language and Literature9.1 Introduction9.2 Important views on style9.2.1 Style as deviation9.2.2 Style as choice9.2.3 Style as foregrounding9.3 Stylistic analysis9.3.1 Phonological analysis9.3.2 Graphological analysis9.3.3 Lexical analysis9.3.4 Syntactic analysis9.3.5 Semantic analysis9.3.6 Pragmatic analysisQuestions and ExercisesChapter 10 Sociolinguistics: Language and Society10.1 Introduction10.2 The relations between language and society10.3 Speech community and speech variety10.4 Dialect10.4.1 Regional dialect10.4.2 Social dialect10.4.3 Standard dialect10.5 Register10.6 Language contact and contact languages10.6.1 Lingua franca10.6.2 Pidgin10.6.3 Creole10.7 Choosing a code10.7.1 Diglossia10.7.2 Bilingualism10.7.3 Code-switchingQuestions and Exercises……Chapter 11 Intercultural Communication: Language and CultureChapter 12 Psycholinguistics: Language and PsychologyChapter 13 Cognitive Linguistics: Language and CognitionChapter 14 Applied Linguistics: Language Teaching and LearningReferencesGlossary

章節(jié)摘錄

　　Human beings communicate with each other mainly in two modes 0f language——spoken and written.In oral communication with someone from a different linguistic community，what first strikes US as different may not bethat person’s possibly different idea about something，but the exoticness of thespeech sounds uttered.　　Speech sounds are the sounds utilized by all human languages to representmeaning.They are the sounds produced or heard in using language to speak orunderstand，and are related by the language system to certain meanings.Anyone who knows a language knows what sounds are in the language and howthey are“strung”together and what these different sound sequences mean（Fromkin&Rodman，1983：35）.The study of human speech sounds can bedone by examining the features of the sounds per se（Matthews，2001：33），which is adopted by the students of phonetics.The speech sounds can also bestudied from the point of view of how they are actually used in different languages（Katamba，1989：66），including how some of the sounds interrelateand interact with each other within a given language system，which is adoptedby the student of phonology.　　……

編輯推薦

　　首先，本教材各章作者均是有關學科的佼佼者，功底扎實，保證了教材的學術性；　　第二，本教材作者有第一線教學在豐富經(jīng)驗，做到了論述深入淺出，適合本科生的需要；　　第三，本教材注意到有關科學在本世紀的最新進展，具有充分的時代性。

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