語用學(xué)

內(nèi)容概要

《語用學(xué)：多學(xué)科視角》的作者Louise Cummings博士現(xiàn)在諾士漢特倫特大學(xué)從事語言學(xué)研究與教學(xué)。她的研究范圍包括語用學(xué)、語言與心智哲學(xué)、語言病理學(xué)、論辨與推理謬論等。至今已在Argumentation，Metaphiosophy，Informal Logic，Journal of Pragmatics等國際期刊上發(fā)表多篇論文，其研究的一個最大特點就是多學(xué)科性。比如，她正在從事的一研究課題“會話失?。赫Z用混亂的作用”就涉及（言語）交際學(xué)、病理學(xué)、語言學(xué)尤其是語用學(xué)等學(xué)科之間的交叉。此外，她的另一本新作《臨床語言學(xué)：理論與實踐》也體現(xiàn)了Louise Cummings的多學(xué)科研究視角。    本書的主要特點：第一，多學(xué)科性與多視角性。通過全書各種語用學(xué)理論的闡釋與分析，作者的最終目的在于說明，任何一門學(xué)科都不可能僅以自身為基礎(chǔ)提出一種可靠的語用語理論。這一觀點已在本書多處地方顯露。然而，作者也認(rèn)為，語用學(xué)理論所關(guān)注的多學(xué)科性應(yīng)該不同于哲學(xué)、心理學(xué)、人工智能、語言病理學(xué)等所涉及的多學(xué)科性。    第二，批辯性與反思性。作者在介紹語用學(xué)的重要概念與理論的同時，對它們的不足與不合理性進(jìn)行了批評與自我辯論，意在從更新的角度去再現(xiàn)語用學(xué)的現(xiàn)狀，并展現(xiàn)其未來，這是本書的重要貢獻(xiàn)與價值。

書籍目錄

List of Figures and TablesAcknowledgementsPreface1 The Multidisciplinary Nature of Pragmatics  1.1 Pragmatics and its Academic Neighbours  1.2 Pragmatics: A Standard Definition    1.2.1 Information    1.2.2 Encoding    1.2.3 Convention    1.2.4 Context    1.2.5 Use  1.3 Pragmatic Concepts and Theories    1.3.1 Speech act theory    1.3.2 Implicature theory    1.3.3 Relevance theory    1.3.4 Deixis      1.3.4.1 Person and social deixis      1.3.4.2 Time deixis      1.3.4.3 Place deixis      1.3.4.4 Discourse deixis    1.3.5 Presupposition  Notes2 Theories of Meaning  2.1 Approaches to the Study of Meaning  2.2 Meaning: A Three-part Approach  2.3 A Referential Approach to Meaning    2.3.1 Philosophical foundations: Tarski and Davidson    2.3.2 Truth-conditional semantics    2.3.3 Referential meaning and other disciplines  2.4 A Psychologistic Approach to Meaning    2.4.1 The necessity of psychologistic meaning:Chomsky and Fodor    2.4.2 Pragmatics, the language of thought and related notions    2.4.3 Other disciplines, the language of thoughtand related notions  2.5 A Social Approach to Meaning    2.5.1 Discourse analysis and conversation analysis  Notes3 Inferences  3.1 Pragmatics and Inference  3.2 Deductive Inferences    3.2.1 Three types of syllogism    3.2.2 Deductive inferences and semantic meaning    3.2.3 Deduction, reasoning and utterance interpretation  3.3 Elaborative Inferences    3.3.1 The psychology of elaborative inferences    3.3.2 Elaborative inferences, knowledge and AI    3.3.3 Elaborative inferences and pragmatics  3.4 Conversational Inferences    3.4.1 Grice on deriving implicatures    3.4.2 Recovering implicatures: The views of other theorists    3.4.3 Psychology and conversational inferences  Notes4 Relevance Theory  4.1 Overview  4.2 Relevance and Communication  4.3 Relevance and Cognition  4.4 A Philosophical Criticism of Relevance Theory    4.4.1 Logical positivism: Some background    4.4.2 Putnam on positivism    4.4.3 The scientific reductionism of relevance theory      4.4.3.1 Challenging reductionism I: Elimination rules      4.4.3.2 Challenging reductionism 2:Deduction and comprehension      4.4.3.3 Challenging reductionism 3:Functional confirmation  4.5 Conclusion  Notes5 Pragmatics and Mind  5.1 The Need for a Pragmatic Study of Mind  5.2 Language and Mind: Some Historical Antecedents  5.3 The Modularity of Mind Thesis    5.3.1 Representation    5.3.2 Computation    5.3.3 Organisation  5.4 Pragmatics and Modularity    5.4.1 Kasher on the modularity of pragmatics      5.4.1.1 Pragmatic module      5.4.1.2 Pragmatic central system      5.4.1.3 Pragmatic interface    5.4.2 Wilson and Sperber on the modularity of pragmatics  5.5 If not Modularity, then What?  Notes6 Argumentation and Fallacies of Reasoning  6.1 Pragmatics and Argument  6.2 What Is an Argument? A Fallacy?  6.3 Six Theoretical Frameworks  6.4 A Pragmatic Turn in the Study of Argument  6.5 Pragma-Dialectics:An Advance in the Study of Argumentation?  6.6 Methodology: Reconstruction and Evaluation    6.6.1 Reconstruction    6.6.2 Evaluation  Notes7 Habermas and Pragmatics  7.1 Why Study Habermas?  7.2 Expanding Reason: Habermas on Positivism  7.3 Habermas on Language  7.4 Criticising Habermas: A Putnamian Challenge  7.5 Conclusion  Notes8 Artificial Intelligenee and Pragmatics  8.1 Why Study Artificial Intelligence?  8.2 Pragmatics: Implications for AI  8.3 AI on Pragmatics    8.3.1 Syntactic and semantic representations    8.3.2 Knowledge representation    8.3.3 Reasoning    8.3.4 Rationality principles  8.4 Is AI possible?  Notes9 Language Pathology and Pragmatics  9.1 When Pragmatics Goes Wrong  9.2 Problems of Definition    9.2.1 Speech acts    9.2.2 Context    9.2.3 Listener knowledge    9.2.4 Conversational maxims and implicature    9.2.5 Inferences    9.2.6 Knowledge    9.2.7 Non-literal meaning    9.2.8 Deixis    9.2.9 Conversation analysis and discourse analysis  9.3 Pragmatic Disorders    9.3.1 Developmental language disorder    9.3.2 Autism    9.3.3 Learning disability    9.3.4 Left-hemisphere damage    9.3.5 Right-hemispkere damage    9.3.6 Closed-head injury    9.3.7 Alzheimer's disease    9.3.8 Schizophrenia  9.4 What Can We Learn from Pragmatic Disorders?  Notes10 Beyond Disciplines  10.1 Multidisciplinary Pragmatics  10.2 The Relationship of Other Disciplines to Pragmatics    10.2.1 Philosophy    10.2.2 Psychology    10.2.3 Artificial intelligence    10.2.4 Language pathology  10.3 The Relationship of Pragmatics to Other Disciplines  10.4 New Topics and Disciplines  NotesBibliographyIndex

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